Reply to Skousen and Aiuvalasit: On the Primacy of Archaeological Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-205
Author(s):  
A.J. White ◽  
Samuel E. Munoz ◽  
Sissel Schroeder ◽  
Lora R. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Horseshoe Lake ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses

Skousen and Aiuvalasit critique our article on the post-Mississippian occupation of the Horseshoe Lake watershed (White et al. 2020) along two lines: (1) that our findings are not supported due to a lack of archaeological evidence, and (2) that we do not consider alternative hypotheses in explaining the lake's fecal stanol record. We first respond to the matter of fecal stanol deposition in Horseshoe Lake and then address the larger issue, the primacy of archaeological data in interpreting the past.

Archaeological and Other Evidence: A Fresh Look at the “Laurentian Iroquois”

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-440
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Trigger
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses

AbstractPrehistorians frequently must depend on archaeological evidence alone in forming judgments. It is evident from prehistoric studies, however, that difficulties are likely to arise when archaeological evidence is credited as being, of itself, a completely adequate basis for reconstructing every aspect of prehistory. This paper outlines the challenge that historical and linguistic evidence have posed to one explanation based solely on archaeological data. The problem concerns the ethnic identity of the so-called Laurentian Iroquois, who inhabited the St. Lawrence Valley in the 16th century. The archaeological material from this period has been identified as “Onondaga” or “Onondaga-Oneida,” but the vocabularies that were collected by early explorers in this area do not appear to be those of any of the languages of the Five Nations Iroquois. This particular confrontation of archaeological and linguistic evidence has resulted, not in the confirmation of current archaeological theories, but in the awareness of a broader range of alternative hypotheses than has been entertained hitherto.

In Search of Danyang I: Historical Geography and Archaeological Sites

Early China ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 116-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry B. Blakeley
Keyword(s):  
Historical Geography ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past

The location of the early Chu capital, Danyang, has never been definitively determined. Since Han times, several hypotheses have been offered. That advocating a southwest Hubei location (Zigui or Zhijiang xian), the standard opinion, has generally governed analyses of early Chu historical and cultural development, particularly of the archaeological data uncovered in the past few decades. Another hypothesis, that advocating a southwest Henan (Xichuan) site for Danyang, however, has recently gained popularity.The Danyang problem can be approached from a number of angles. This paper attempts first to assess the relative probabilities of all of the hypotheses on the basis of a rather strict evaluation of the evidence provided by historical geography and then to judge the quality of the presently available archaeological evidence given in support of each. From the above perspectives, the author concludes that the relative probabilities favor the southwest Henan hypothesis.

Real or Imagined Confusion in Ethnohistorical Research? A Rejoinder to Thurman

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326
Author(s):  
Charles E. Orser
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Narrow View

Recently, Melburn D. Thurman has argued that my handling of the James Mackay manuscript, an early 19th-century account of Plains native groups, is unsound. Many of Thurman's criticisms, specifically those concerning the date of the document, the details of Mackay's experience on the Missouri River, and the intent of my original article, stem from misrepresentation and misunderstanding. Thurman has refused, for example, to accept that my essay was a test of the document using archaeological data associated with the Arikara. In addition, Thurman portrays a narrow view of the past and a rather unique understanding of ethnohistorical methods. In this response to Thurman, I restate many of the points in my original article and provide an alternative perspective for studying the past.

The Past Is Prologue: Preserving and Disseminating Archaeological Data Online

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-207
Author(s):  
Edward Schortman ◽  
Ellen E. Bell ◽  
Jenna Nolt ◽  
Patricia Urban
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past

Material Culture and Making Visible: On the Portrayal of Philistine Gath in the Book of Samuel

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Daniel Pioske
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Book Of Samuel

Over the past twenty years our understanding of Philistine Gath's history (Tell es-Safl) has been transformed by what has been revealed through the site's early Iron Age remains. But what has received much less attention is the effect these ruins have on how we read references to the location within the Hebrew Bible. The intent of this study is to draw on the archaeological evidence produced from Tell es-Safl as an interpretive lens by which to consider the biblical portrayal of the site rendered in the book of Samuel, where the material traces of more amicable associations between Gath and highland populations invite us to reconsider the city's depiction in this ancient literary work.

scholarly journals Rise and Fall of Kema Port in Sulawesi Sea Trade Routes During Colonial Period: Based on Infrastructure Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Irfanuddin Wahid Marzuki
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Phase Data ◽  
Collection Phase

Kema merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara yang berada di pesisir selatan Sulawesi. Saat ini Kema dikenal sebagai perkampungan nelayan padat penduduk yang terbagi menjadi Kema I, Kema II, dan Kema III. Riwayat sejarah Kema sudah dikenal semenjak abad XVI oleh pelaut-pelaut Eropa yang singgah untuk mengisi air minum, kemudian berkembang hingga menjadi sebuah kota pelabuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pasang surut keberadaan pelabuhan kema dalam perdagangan global Laut Sulawesi masa kolonial berdasarkan data arkeologi dan sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan arkeologi kesejarahan yang memadukan data arkeologi dengan data sejarah. Tahapan penelitian meliputi tahap pengumpulan data, analisis data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya bukti-bukti arkeologis yang mengindikasikan Kema dahulu merupakan sebuah permukiman yang sudah maju, meliputi pola permukiman dan jaringan jalan, pelabuhan dan saran pendukungnya, rumah ibadah, bangunan perumahan, pasar, dan jaringan komunikasi. Bukti arkeologis dan data sejarah mengungkap bahwa Kema dikenal sebagai pelabuhan laut yang memegang peranan penting dalam perdagangan global pada masa Kolonial. Pelabuhan Kema bahkan ditetapkan sebagai salah satu pelabuhan bebas di perairan Laut Sulawesi. Peran pelabuhan Kema saat ini mengalami kemunduran, hanya sebagai pelabuhan perikanan tidak lagi sebagai pelabuhan samudera.Kema is one of the districts in Minahasa Utara Regency located on the southern coast of Sulawesi Utara. Currently, Kema is known as a densely populated fishing village which is divided into Kema Satu, Kema Dua, and Kema Tiga. Based on historical data, Kema has been known since the 16 century by European sailors who stopped to fill drinking water, then expanded into a port city. This study aims to determine the rise and fall of the existence of Kema in the global trade of the Sulawesi Sea in the colonial period based on archaeological and historical data. This study uses a historical archeology approach that combines archaeological data with historical data. Research stages include data collection phase, data analysis, and conclusion. The results indicate archaeological evidence shows that Kema was an advanced settlement, covering the settlement patterns and road networks, ports and supporting facilities, houses of worship, residential buildings, markets, and communications networks. Archaeological evidence and historical data reveal that Kema is known as a seaport that plays an important role in global trading during the Colonial period. Kema is even designated as one of the free ports in Sulawesi Sea. The role of Kema is currently declining, only as a fishing port no longer as an ocean port. 

scholarly journals Cultural Transform di Situs Benteng Putri Hijau

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Stanov Purnawibowo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past

AbstractArchaeology not only describing about the past, but also present. The form of cultural transformation process which describe the process of archaeological record disposition in the post-depositoanal factors, one of example form describe from present. Cultural transformation of archaeological record was found in Benteng Putri Hijau site. Precipitation position of archaeological data and stratigraphy can give information about cultural transformation data and contexts remain found in archaeological deposition.

scholarly journals A Religious and Economic Stopover in the Middle of Khorasan-e Razavi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 184-199
Author(s):  
Rocco Rante ◽  
Meysam Labbaf-Khaniki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Geographical Point

Abstract Robat-e Sefid/Bazeh Hur is the name of two modern villages giving the name to a valley located in a strategic geographical point traversed by a main north-south caravan road. Archaeological evidence brought to light the meaning of this valley, in which religious and economic aspects show and testify to development of this region during the Sasanian and early Islamic epochs. They highlight its role as a stopover for caravans in the past as today.

Enslavement and Everyday Life: Living with Slave Raiding in the North-Eastern Mandara Mountains of Cameroon

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott MacEachern
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Social Proximity ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Economic Process

The northern Mandara Mountains of Cameroon have been a focus of slave raiding for the past five centuries, according to historical sources. Some captives from the area were enslaved locally, primarily in Wandala and Fulbe communities, while others were exported to Sahelian polities or further abroad. This chapter examines ethnohistorical and archaeological data on nineteenth- and twentieth-century slave raiding, derived from research in montagnard communities along the north-eastern Mandara Mountains of Cameroon. Enslavement and slave raiding existed within larger structures of day-to-day practice in the region, and were closely tied to ideas about sociality, social proximity and violence. Through the mid-1980s at least, enslavement in the region was understood as a still-relevant political and economic process, with its chief material consequence the intensely domesticated Mandara landscape.

The Archaeology of Contemporary Landfills

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Rathje ◽  
W. W. Hughes ◽  
D. C. Wilson ◽  
M. K. Tani ◽  
G. H. Archer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Estimates ◽  
Applied Archaeology ◽  
Project Data

The Garbage Project has excavated eight sanitary landfulls from California to Florida and analyzed 6.71 metric tons of refuse deposited between 1952 and 1988. While the ultimate goal of this continuing endeavor is to collect archaeological data on contemporary discards using a methodology that will link our society to the past, this initial report relates Garbage Project data to three issues of current public concern. This first applied archaeology of landfills has identified: (1) the contents of specific landfills and possible refinements for "national" estimates of U.S. landfill contents; (2) a link between moisture level and rate of refuse decomposition; and (3) part of the pathway of migration for heavy metals.

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