scholarly journals The Transformation of Trusts as a Legal Category, 1800–1914

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Equal Protection ◽  
The Public

Sometimes we are least aware of that which most affects us. So it seems with respect to legal categories. Lawyers do not take legal categories very seriously today. But they should. Legal categories are central to legal reasoning; indeed it is almost impossible to imagine legal reasoning without the use of categories. Categorical thinking affects every area of law. In constitutional law, for example, equal protection analysis turns crucially on categories of affected interests. Specialists in landlord-tenant law debate whether the implied covenant of habitability is a property doctrine or a contract doctrine. And if the public/private distinction is dead, as some reports have suggested, it rules us yet from its grave. Legal categories are not simply housekeeping devices. They inhibit our imagination of what is acceptable, indeed, of what is possible. They take on a quality of givenness and thereby disempower us. We can retain control over categories, and ultimately over our own legal imagination, only by reminding ourselves that we have created them and are capable of remaking them.

scholarly journals Políticas e instrumentos normativos. Estrategias ambientales enfocadas hacia un ordenamiento basado en la participación

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Hector Enrique Guzmán Luján
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Environmental Matter ◽  
Environmental Strategies

Resumen: Día a día la opinión pública contempla cómo Colombia, país mega diverso y dotado de gran riqueza en biodiversidad, va disminuyendo cualitativa y cuantitativamente sus recursos, afectando no solamente la calidad de vida en nuestras principales ciudades, sino la posibilidad de utilizar esa riqueza racionalmente como motor de desarrollo. Este artículo plantea como objetivo, una reflexión sobre la necesidad y pertinencia de replantear las estrategias ambientales utilizadas en la actualidad, y pregunta si realmente éstas impiden el paulatino deterioro de los recursos naturales, y si efectivamente garantizan el derecho constitucional del artículo 79, denominado derecho a gozar de un medio ambiente sano. A nivel metodológico, este trabajo surge de una revisión documental, y plantea como discusión la reflexión sobre estrategias ambientales en el ámbito nacional e internacional para afrontar la problemática ambiental en el sector productivo. Como conclusión destaca que en Colombia, a pesar de contar con múltiples instrumentos coercitivos en materia ambiental, éstas no se constituyen en una solución de fondo a las problemáticas que atacan, es necesaria una política en la materia, que pueda crear herramientas de mercado, acuerdos de autogestión y así fortalecer las relaciones entre lo público y privado. ___Palabras clave: Estrategias Ambientales, Biodiversidad, Producción y Consumo Sostenible. ___Abstract: Day after day the public opinion contemplates how Colombia, diverse country and gifted of great wealth in biodiversity, is diminishing qualitatively and quantitatively his resources, affecting not only the quality of life in our principal cities, but the possibility of using this wealth rationally as engine of development. This article raises as aim, a reflection on the need and relevancy of restating the environmental strategies used at present and asks, if really these prevent the gradual deterioration of the natural resources, and if really they guarantee the constitutional law of the article 79, named right to enjoy a healthy environment. To methodological level, this work arises from a documentary review, and raises as discussion the reflection on environmental strategies in the national and international area to confront the environmental problematics in the productive sector. As conclusion emphasizes that in Colombia, in spite of possessing multiple coercive instruments in environmental matter, these are not constituted in a solution of bottom to the problematic ones that they attack, a politics is necessary in the matter, which could create tools of market, agreements of automanagement and this way strengthen the relations between the public and private thing. ___Keywords: Environmental strategies, biodiversity, production and sustainable consumption. ___Recibido febrero 28 de 2014 / Aceptado abril 29 de 2014

Assessments of User Comments With “Alternative Views” as a Function of Media Trust

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marlene Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Online Discussions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Argument Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Media Trust ◽  
Heuristic Information Processing

Abstract. Comments sections under news articles have become popular spaces for audience members to oppose the mainstream media’s perspective on political issues by expressing alternative views. This kind of challenge to mainstream discourses is a necessary element of proper deliberation. However, due to heuristic information processing and the public concern about disinformation online, readers of comments sections may be inherently skeptical about user comments that counter the views of mainstream media. Consequently, commenters with alternative views may participate in discussions from a position of disadvantage because their contributions are scrutinized particularly critically. Nevertheless, this effect has hitherto not been empirically established. To address this gap, a multifactorial, between-subjects experimental study ( N = 166) was conducted that investigated how participants assess the credibility and argument quality of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. The findings revealed that media-dissonant user comments are, indeed, disadvantaged in online discussions, as they are assessed as less credible and more poorly argued than media-congruent user comments. Moreover, the findings showed that the higher the participants’ level of media trust, the worse the assessment of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. Normative implications and avenues for future research are discussed.

Trust in the Police: Cross-country Comparisons

2012 ◽  
pp. 24-47
Author(s):  
V. Gimpelson ◽  
G. Monusova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Police Activity

Using different cross-country data sets and simple econometric techniques we study public attitudes towards the police. More positive attitudes are more likely to emerge in the countries that have better functioning democratic institutions, less prone to corruption but enjoy more transparent and accountable police activity. This has a stronger impact on the public opinion (trust and attitudes) than objective crime rates or density of policemen. Citizens tend to trust more in those (policemen) with whom they share common values and can have some control over. The latter is a function of democracy. In authoritarian countries — “police states” — this tendency may not work directly. When we move from semi-authoritarian countries to openly authoritarian ones the trust in the police measured by surveys can also rise. As a result, the trust appears to be U-shaped along the quality of government axis. This phenomenon can be explained with two simple facts. First, publicly spread information concerning police activity in authoritarian countries is strongly controlled; second, the police itself is better controlled by authoritarian regimes which are afraid of dangerous (for them) erosion of this institution.

Video Profile Sebagai Media Penunjang Promosi Pada Sdk Penabur Gading Serpong

CCIT Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Dewi Immaniar Desrianti ◽  
Giandari Maulani ◽  
Dana Krisdiana
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Needs Analysis ◽  
Media Production ◽  
Promotional Effort ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adobe Photoshop ◽  
Support Information

The tight competition between schools in the era of globalization today, requires that the school Ivory Serpong Sower SDK to do the marketing strategy as attractive as possible, in order to enhance the new prospective learner interests as well as improve the quality of and professionalism in the management of the school. It is a promotional effort is used to market products or services to the public, so that they are more familiar with or know the product or service being marketed. Current media information and promotions that use the SDK Sower Ivory Serpong still be printed in the form of banners, brochures and more, so there are still many who have not yet learned about SDK Sower Gading Serpong. The purpose of this research is to inform and promote school SDK Sower Ivory Serpong. Based on a needs analysis is required of media promotion in the form of a video profile, to support information and promotion more attractive and effective by using the software Adobe Premier and Adobe Photoshop. Research methods used namely collecting data through observation, interviews and literature studies, Media Production and concept i.e. preproduction, production and postproduction. Through the design of Video media Profile of this SDK Sower Ivory Serpong can better known to many people and attracting parents to enroll his son in schools � SDK Sower Ivory Serpong

Assessing the quality of public health in the Russian Federation and Israel: Main problems and solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-632
Author(s):  
A.S. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Subject. The article addresses the public health in the Russian Federation and Israel. Objectives. The focus is on researching the state of public health in Russia and Israel, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project methodology, identifying problem areas and searching for possible ways to improve the quality of health of the Russian population based on the experience of Israel. Methods. The study draws on the ideology of the GBD project, which is based on the Disability-Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) metric. Results. The paper reveals the main causes of DALY losses and important risk factors for cancer for Russia and Israel. The findings show that the total DALY losses for Russia exceed Israeli values. The same is true for cancer diseases. Conclusions. Activities in Israel aimed at improving the quality of public health, the effectiveness of which has been proven, can serve as practical recommendations for Russia. The method of analysis, using the ideology of the GBD project, can be used as a tool for quantitative and comparative assessment of the public health.

PEMBENAHAN TERHADAP LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN DAPAT MENIADAKAN OPSI HUKUMAN MATI BAGI NARAPIDANA DI INDONESIA (THE IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF PENITENTIARY CAN ELIMINATE THE DEATH PENALTY OPTIONS OF CONVICTED CRIMINALS IN INDONESIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Nomensen Freddy Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Public ◽  
Good Citizen ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time

After a long time was not heard to the public area, lately death penalty toward the criminal cases that classified as extraordinary crime are appear. The author discovers electronic article about the execution of the death penalty which is the prosecutor prepares to execute death penalty toward the drugs dealer. The president of Republic of Indonesia stated that it is necessary to give a deterrent effect to the convicted  criminal and keep the morality of Indonesian teenagers. According to my opinion, the author argues that it will be better and wiser if we discuss about renovating all of the Penitentiary in Indonesia than debating whether death penalty could be done in Indonesia or not, because it will be displeasure many parties, death penalty infringed the human rights of the convicted criminals and cause psychological burden to them, families, the executor of the death penalty, and other parties. Because if we have to improve the quality of the Penitentiary, if the function of Penitentiary for fostering moralily has been optimal or properly enough to the convicted criminals, Indonesia will be no longer need the death penalty option as sanction to the convicted crimanals including for the extraordinary crime (especially for drugs trafficking in our country). Penitentiary is one of the public services which aims for fostering the people that initially have bad habits (commited to the crime), so that they will have the awareness to change their bad attitude into the be better ones, will not harm others, and positively contributed to the society. Already Penitentiary’s conditions should be designed in such a way and as good as possible, so that the inmates feels like at their own home (like having a second home after his own home), and feel humaner to spend their days in the Penitentiary. The author believes that if the Penitentiary has been improved and optimized its function well, then the real purpose of Penitentiary will definitely achieved. As stated in Law Number 12 Year 1995 regarding to Penitentiary Article 2 which states "sanction system are organized in order to fostering the convicted criminals in order to be the real man, aware of their fault, improve themselves, and not to repeat the criminal act so that they can be friendly received by the community, can actively participated in the development of our country, and can socialize themselves as good citizen."Article 3 on this regulation also intensifies the function of Penitentiary "the function of Penitentiary is to prepare convicted criminals to be able to properly integrated to the society, so they can be accepted again as members of the public who are free and responsible ones." 

Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Dengan Penerapan Metode Quality Function Deployment Pada Pasien Unit Rawat Jalan Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam Badan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah �45� Kuningan

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Lili Karmela Fitriani Karmela Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Technical Characteristic ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Quality Function ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Closet ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Voice Of Customer ◽  
Level Of Importance

AbstrakThe data of year 2006 show that amount of polyclinic patients care unit of BRSUD�45� Kuningan is the most among other polyclinics. The result of observation and interviews tell that the degree of satisfaction got by the patients is in the level(category) of middle (enough) and the degree of importance is in the level of high (important). The purpose of doing this research is to analyze the quality of service to improve the patients satisfaction using Quality Function Deployment method involving 96 respondents. The data were taken from the result of applying quality Function Deployment method in BRSUD�45� Kuningan tells that the attribute owning the highest level of importance is the competence or the skill of the doctors in handling their works while the attribute owning the lowest level is the availability of the public service facilities such as public phones, televisions, and ATM. The attribute that owns the most satisfaction value is the dressy of the officials while the attribute that owns the least satisfaction value is the comfortable, hygiene water closet. The technical characteristic owning relatively the highest importance value is the standard officers� performance; therefore, such attribute gets the highest attentive priority of technical characteristic (technical response)Keywords : QFD, House of Quality, Voice of Customer, Technical Characteristic, Technical Response

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