scholarly journals Morals and Values in Homer

1970 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 121-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Long
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social

For the lack of forty-nine drachmas Socrates was unable to attend the costly epideixis of Prodicus from which he would have learnt the truth about correct use of words (Plato, Cra. 384b). From Prodicus' ὥραι Socrates could also have learnt the concepts and characteristic words associated with arete and kakia: these compete in that work for the allegiance of Heracles, parading their respective characteristics. Thanks to Professor Arthur Adkins we have had for the past decade a book which not only confronts arete and kakia, but also analyses the meaning and usage of many Greek words for the evaluation of action from Homer to Aristotle. The importance of this book is generally acknowledged but it has not received the detailed discussion it deserves. Professor Adkins finds the social structure of ancient Greece inimical to the development of an adequate concept of moral responsibility. He shows, in a most interesting manner, how Greek values changed as the needs of society changed.

Some Elementary Axioms for an American Culture Studies

Prospects ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 517-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene Wise
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
American Studies ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Single Thing ◽  
The Social

Since the mid-1960s and the waning of the symbol-myth-image school, American culture studies has been adrift intellectually. It has first of all lacked a grounding center—at least of the culture if not always of the social structure—gave energy and direction to Americanist symbol-myth-image studies during their heyday in the decade and a half after 1950. Lacking such a consensus since then, American culture studies have also been uprooted from the holistic rhetoric of the interdisciplinary that gave impetus to teaching and scholarship in the movement during past years. We still hear exhortations to “see the culture whole,” or to “integrate all of American experience.” But such injunctions seem out of place now, when the culture itself appears not as all of a piece, but as divided—rent with strains and gaps which make it look like not a single thing but as several. American Studies has not faced up to the intellectual consequences of this change. A brief review of the past should indicate why.

scholarly journals The Inheritance and Change of the Contemporary Daur Shaman

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Minna Sa
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Maternal Lineage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ancestral Spirit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Human World ◽  
Ancient Times

The Daur people are a minority living in Northeast China. They have adhered to a form of shamanism since ancient times. They believe that all things are spiritual. The Daur call an intermediary or messenger between the human world and the spirit worlds jad’ən (shaman). In addition, there are also different types of priests and healers, such as baɡʧi (healer and priest), barʃ (bone-setter), ʊtʊʃi (healer of child) and baræʧen (midwife), but only the jad’ən is a real shaman. The Daur’s system of deities is huge, complex, and diverse, mainly including təŋɡər (God of Heaven), xʊʤʊr barkən (ancestral spirit), njaŋnjaŋ barkən (Niang Niang Goddess), aʊləi barkən (spirit of mountain), nuʤir barkən (spirit of snake), ɡali barkən (God of Fire), etc. Among them, ancestral spirit is the most noble and important deity of the Daur, called xʊʤʊr barkən (spirit of ancestors). In the past, the social structure of the Daurs was based on the equal clan xal and its branches mokun. Xʊʤʊr barkən is the ancestral spirit of the mokun family. The shaman with xʊʤʊr barkən as the main patron is called xʊʤʊr jad’ən, that is, mokun shaman. The inheritance of the Daur shaman is very complicated. The xʊʤʊr jad’ən is strictly inherited along the patrilineal line, while the ordinary jad’ən can also inherit according to the maternal lineage. The inheritance rites of other types of shamans are also based mainly on the patrilineal lineage and occasionally the maternal lineage. The complexity of the Daur shaman inheritance is first and foremost related to the variety of the gods and spirits, secondly to their belief of polytheism, and finally to the constant split of the traditional clans and families, namely, the xal-mokun social structure.

THE QUESTION OF THE PERIODIZATION OF THE GENESIS OF THE SOCIAL STATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Айгуль Фаридовна Чупилкина
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Time

Автор формулирует предложение для научного дискурса по поводу чрезвычайно актуального и необходимого для Российского государства феномена социального государства. Поднят вопрос единого представления о генезисе социального государства и его критериях. Исторические примеры, в которых показаны реализация и последствия социальных законов в различной государственной и общественной «почве», помогают определить место и разумное применение элементов социального государства в современной российской государственности. Жизнеспособные элементы для распределения этапов эволюции социального государства имеют аргументы различных авторов. На основании проведенного анализа четкость критериев периодизации генезиса социального государства предложено обозначить как совокупность (систему) признаков, перечисленных в настоящей статье. Сформулированная совокупность (система) признаков позволила утверждать, что зародилось социальное государство в эпоху Античной Греции. Более того, древнегреческая мысль в принципе оказала влияние на юридическое мировоззрение прошлого, настоящего и будущего. Здесь впервые использованы основные понятия теории государства и права, что на сегодняшний день является основой теоретических знаний правоведа. Уголовно-исполнительная система является социальным институтом, что обусловливает важность трактовки тематики истории и теории социального государства. The author formulates a proposal for scientific discourse, due to the unsolved, but extremely relevant and necessary for the Russian state, the phenomenon of the social state. The question of a unified idea of the genesis of the social state and its criteria is raised. Illustrative historical examples in which are the implementation and consequences of social laws help to determine the place and reasonable application of the elements of the social state in modern Russian statehood. The arguments of various authors have viable elements for the distribution of the stages of the evolution of the social state. Based on the analysis, the clarity of the criteria for the periodization of the genesis of the social state is proposed to be designated as a set (system) of the features listed in this article. The formulated set (system) of features allowed us to assert that the origins of the social state have their roots in the era of Ancient Greece. In addition, ancient Greek thought in principle influenced the legal worldview of the past, present and future. Here, for the first time, the basic concepts of the theory of state and law are used, which today is the basis of the theoretical knowledge of a jurist. The penal system is a social institution, which determines the importance of interpreting the topics of history and the theory of the social state.

ÇAĞDAŞ SANATTA TRAVMAYLA YÜZLEŞME BAĞLAMINDA MEKTUP

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Rabia Demir
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Individual

Events such as illness, death, violence, and war deeply affect the life of the individual or the social structure and cause radical changes and traumas. In the historical process of art, it is seen that artists are not indifferent to traumas, on the contrary, traumas constitute the center of their work. This article examines how the letter is handled as a means of communication between the artist and the audience in contemporary artworks that want to face personal or social traumas. In this context, examples of contemporary art that want to be aware of the traumas experienced, to tell them, to come to terms with the past and to achieve improvement in the name of the future, and using the letter as a means of expression, are included. In these works, where the letter is used as a means of expression and communication, the writer, reader or listener changes; the letter is written/read/listened to by the artist or the audience. Thus, the audience plays an important role as well as the letter in the emergence and completion of the work. This, in turn, turns the works into an interactive space, allowing to face the past and to realize the trauma experienced.

A Violent Guatemala

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Jane Duran
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Important Site

Among ethnic disasters of the past few decades, few can match in intensity or have been reported in the media more extensively than those of the Indigenous in Guatemala. The social structure of the nation—its hierarchy, driven by a light-skinned population, most of whom are ethnically mestizo but who do not identify with the purely Indigenous—its history, and its small size make it an important site for the documentation and reporting of ethnic disputes and differences.

scholarly journals Sociological analysis of the demographic structure of AdanaAdana’nın demografik yapısının sosyolojik tahlili

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 3768 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ali Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Official Data

Population is one of the main components of society. Population as social variables play a very important role not only in the formation of the social structure but also in the process of social change. The first census of Turkey was held in 1927. On the other hand, some statistical information was collected at the time of Orhan Bey at the Ottoman Empire.It has crucial importance to know the demographic structure of society in order to better understanding the social structure of the society and to take better decisions in the future. In light of this determination, it was aimed to analyse demographic structure of Adana in this paper. A sociological perspective was used to realise the aim. Official data of TSI were used as the main data source.About 2.165.595 people were living in the 2014 in the province of Adana. Its population increased to the 2.183.167 in the year of 2015. The population of the province in the last one year period increased by about 0.81 percent. The largest age group of the demographic structure is 10-14 age group. 5-9 age group follows them. Adana was one of the most popular immigrant destination within the Turkey in the past. But this situation is changing steadily. It takes migration from the less developed areas of the country such as Şanlıurfa, Mardin, Diyarbakır and Hatay. ÖzetToplumun en önemli unsurlarından biri nüfustur. Daha net bir tabirle, demografik yapı, toplumsal yapının varlık şartlarından birini oluşturur. Nüfus olgusu hem toplumun yapısının inşasında hem de toplumun değişim sürecinde de stratejik roller icra eden bir sosyal değişkendir. Ülkemizde Cumhuriyet döneminde ilk nüfus sayımı 1927 yılında yapılmıştır.  Ancak, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde de, imparatorluğun kuruluş döneminden itibaren nüfus tespitine yönelik çok çeşitli çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. İmparatorluğun kuruluş yıllarında, Orhan Bey zamanında, toplumsal hayatla ilgili çeşitli istatistiksel bilgilerin toplandığı ve sayımların yapıldığı bilinen bir gerçektir.Toplumun, yapısının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi ve geleceğe yönelik daha sağlıklı ve isabetli kararlar alınabilmesi için, toplumun demografik yapısının iyi bilinmesi hayati derecede önem arz eder. Bu tespitlerin ışığında bu çalışmada, Adana ilimizin demografik yapısının sosyolojik açıdan incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Sosyolojik bir bakış açısı ile gerçekleştirilecek olan araştırmada, temel veri kaynağı olarak TÜİK verileri kullanılacaktır. Ağırlıklı olarak arşiv taraması ve ikincil veri analizi tekniğinin kullanılan çalışmada, TÜİK’in yanı sıra, öteki kurum ve kuruluşların arşiv, kayıt, belge ve veri setlerinden de faydalanılacaktır. Bu veriler, ikincil veri analizi tekniği kullanılarak Adana ilinin demografik özellikleri ile demografik yapının tarihsel süreç içindeki değişimi sosyolojik açıdan tahlil edilecektir. Ayrıca, belirlenen hedefler doğrultusunda ortaya konan bulguların Türk toplumu geneli bakımından ifade ettiği anlam da tartışılacaktır.Binlerce yıllık bir tarihi geçmişe ve çok zengin bir kültürel mirasa ev sahipliği yapan Adana, Akdeniz Bölgemizin en önemli şehirlerinden biridir. 2015 yılı Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi verilerine göre, 2014 yılı Adana nüfusu 2.165.595 kişidir. Bu dönemde Adana’da yaşayanların 1.082.497’si erkek, 1.083.098’i ise kadındır. 2015 yılında ise ilin nüfusu 2.183.167’e yükselmiştir. İl nüfusu bir yıllık süreçte yüze 0,81 oranında artmıştır. Daha önce Türkiye’nin yoğun göç alan illerinden biri iken günümüzde, göç veren bir il konumuna dönüşmüştür. Ankara, İstanbul, İzmir gibi daha gelişmiş kentlere göç verirken; Şanlıurfa, Mardin, Diyarbakır ve Hatay illerinden, bu illere verdiğinden çok daha fazla göç almaktadır.

The Rise of Caste Politics: Party System Change and Voter Realignment, 1962–2004

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVER HEATH ◽  
YOGENDRA YADAV
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Party System ◽  
System Change ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Cleavage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cleavage Structure

This chapter explores the relationship formed between the social structure of India and its contemporary patterns. It tries to show how this relates to the theories of social cleavage alignment, and examines change in the cleavage structure of party competition. The chapter also discusses how different contemporary patterns of political conflict in India are from those of the past.

scholarly journals Humour, satire and the emergent stand-up comedy: A diachronic appraisal of the contributions of the masking tradition

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Bernard Eze Orji
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Commedia Dell'arte ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stand Up Comedy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Real Self

Masking is a phenomenon that is traced to almost all human ages. From its prehistoric and primitive narratives in Africa, its dramatic beginnings in ancient Greece and Rome, to its use as forms of character delineation in the commedia dell’Arte of the 16th and 18th century Europe, as well as its age long association with carnivals due largely to its analogous to humour and entertainment. Masking, as comic as it may seem, has been critical of humanity’s social dispositions from time past. As humans, the façade of the mask is a leeway to speak truth to power and also an opportunity for the performance of self in ways that are at variant with the real self. As topical as the activities of the masquerade are to the society, no academic quest has been directed to investigate how humour and satire have always been associated with the masquerade. Following the social criticism, humour and entertainment which have become evidently inherent in the emergent stand-up comedy, scholars have directed their critical attention towards this new live theatre without considering the humorous functions of the masquerade for an academic enquiry. It is against this backdrop that this paper has decided to investigate and re-establish historically the humorous contributions of the masking art in almost all facets of human conditions. The resources for the paper were a combination of library and historical research. The paper established that satire and humour, as enjoyed in all venues of stand-up comedy acts in Nigeria, are just a contemporary addition to what masks had done in the past but for dearth of proper documentation of these contributions. The masking tradition has been a source of humour and sarcasm to issues bordering on human relations all over the world

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