Imaging the Human Body: Quasi Objects, Quasi Texts, and the Theater of Proof

PMLA ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hugh Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Andreas Vesalius ◽  
Imaging Theory ◽  
Theory Technique

In the field of medical imaging, theory, technique, and rhetoric converge to produce knowledge. Historical taboo and cultural belief in the fragility of life have protected the interior of the human body from the scientist's prying eyes; nevertheless, in the modern period (since about 1540), the production of medical knowledge has depended on the unveiling of physical detail. Recent work in the sociology of science—notably Bruno Latour's concept of the theater of proof—has questioned this epistemology. Latour argues that scientific knowledge can be produced by superimposing data that create an effect of reality. To illuminate traditional strategies for constructing convincing accounts of hidden biological processes, I examine texts by Andreas Vesalius, William Beaumont, and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. I then discuss an advertisement for a contemporary medical-imaging device that, by foregrounding the superimposition of diagnostic data, provides a useful counterexample to the constructed objectivity of the earlier texts.

On the formation of combined forms of salmonellosis caused by different plasmid types of Salmonella enterica

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Yulia N. Nikitina ◽  
Alexey V. Rakov ◽  
Anatoly A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Far East ◽  
Interspecific Interaction ◽  
Genetic Monitoring ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Far East

In the modern period, combined infections occupy an increasingly large niche in the structure of infectious pathology. In studies on this problem, various scientists, both in our country and abroad, consider such forms of the disease, which are mainly formed as a result of interspecific interaction in the human body of bacteria, viruses, viruses and bacteria. However, there is practically no information in the literature about whether it is possible to form combined forms of infections between microorganisms of the same species, but carrying different genetic information. This paper presents an analysis of the results of more than 20 years of microbiological molecular genetic monitoring of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of the Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology for the circulation of Salmonella in the regions of the Far East and Siberia. Studies have shown that one patient may have co-infection with different plasmid types of Salmonella. However, the risk of such combinations is relatively small. There is a certain pattern between the level of prevalence of certain plasmid types of Salmonella in the region and their possible combination in one patient. In addition, it was found that variants of superinfection that occur when the patient is in the hospital, due to infection with other plasmid types of Salmonella or other serovars of S. enterica, are not excluded. At the same time, in the process of repeated examinations of the patient in the hospital, it was found that salmonella may lose certain plasmids or, on the contrary, it may have new variants. The reasons for this phenomenon remain unclear.

Malaria blood mass

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 948-953
Author(s):  
G. Y. Repin
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Along with the progress of medical knowledge, the discovery of new methods of research, both clinical and laboratory, the concepts of some pathological conditions of the human body are changing.

Medical Imaging

2013 ◽  
pp. 634-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Wang ◽  
Alex Cong ◽  
Hao Gao ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Victor J. Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Physics Students ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Imaging Theory ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Medical imaging is both an indispensable tool and a highly interdisciplinary field. Over the past decades, progress in medical imaging theory and technology has dramatically accelerated. This chapter provides a comprehensive study of the fundamental and advanced principles behind each of the major imaging modalities. It also presents topics related to the vision of the future of each modality. The chapter is intended for upper level or graduate biomedical engineering/bioengineering/medical physics students, researchers, and faculty.

Translation, the Great Pollinator of Science

Babel ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Fischbach
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Histoire De La Médecine ◽  
Transfert Des Connaissances ◽  
Cross Fertilization

Abstract Medical science was the first to benefit from the transfer of knowledge through translation. Because of universal interest in the human body as well as the mostly Greco-Latin terminology, wealth of documentation, fewer lexicographic problems than other fields and a venerable history, medicine continues to thrive on information transfer through translation. A brief historical flashback illustrates the great pollinating role of translation in the dissemination and cross-fertilization of early medical knowledge. RÉSUMÉ La médicine a été la première science à tirer profit du transfert des connaissances par l'entremi-se de la traduction. La langue scientifique médicale étant principalement d'origine grecque et latine, le fait que la documentation médicale est abondante et universellement à la portée de tous, et que les êtres humains ont essentiellement la même anatomie partout où ils vivent, les textes de médecine présentent peut-être moins d'obstacle que d'autres au passage d'une langue et culture à une autre. L'auteur jette un bref coup d'oeil sur la longue et glorieuse histoire de la médecine, s'attardant aux jalons de cette science dans l'ancienne Grèce et Rome, et plus tard dans le monde arabe, où le savoir médical fut transféré uniquement par les traducteurs... d'Hip-pocrate et Galien à Asclépiade et Celse, et de Rome aux anciennes écoles médicales de Bagdad et de Damas, puis à celles de Tolède et de Salerne. Après la conquête de Tolède, où l'Archevêque Raymond avait établi une école de traduction, les savants occidentaux prirent contact avec la médecine arabe grâce aux traducteurs se servant du grec, du latin, de l'arabe et de l'hébreu, et après le 15e siècle, du français, de l'italien, de l'espagnol, de l'allemand et de l'anglais. C'est à l'école de Montpellier au début du 12e siècle que les savants juifs traduirent les textes médicaux arabes sous le haut patronage d'évèques catholiques. Les traductions du savant juif Faraj ben Salim des traités d'Ibn Sinâ Avicenne, dit le "Galien de l'Islam", ont achéminé les connaissances médicales de l'ancien monde au monde moderne. L'auteur en conclut que la traduction a joué un rôle prédominant dans la pollinisation, pour ne pas dire la fécondation active, de la science médicale à travers les âges.

scholarly journals The effect of X-ray radiation on the human body - pros and cons. Radiation protection in medical imaging and radiotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (0) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Zhenya Zhekova-Maradzhieva ◽  
Bistra Velchovska ◽  
Atanas Uzunov ◽  
Evgeniya Ivanova ◽  
Desislava Petrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Human Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pros And Cons

scholarly journals Metabolomic Interactions: An Insight into Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Maheswara Reddy Mallu ◽  
Shaik Mohammad Anjum ◽  
Sai Sri Samyutha Katravulapalli ◽  
Sri Sai Priya Avuthu ◽  
Koteswara Reddy Gujjula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Insight Into

Over the past decade, metabolic engineering has emerged as an active and distinct discipline characterized by its over-arching emphasis on integration. In practice, metabolic engineering is the directed improvement of cellular properties through the application of modern genetic methods. The concept of metabolic regulations deals with the varied and innumerable metabolic pathways that are present in the human body. A combination of such metabolic reactions paves the way to the proper functioning of different physiological and biological processes. Dealing with the adversities of a disease, engineering of novel metabolic pathways showcases the potential of metabolic engineering and its application in the therapeutic treatment of diseases. A proper and deeper understanding of the metabolic functions in the human body can be known from simulated yeast models. This review gives a brief understanding about the interactions between the molecular set of metabolome and its complexity.

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