Styles of Cognition as Moral Options in La Nouvelle Hélïse and Les Liaisons dangereuses

PMLA ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Carol Blum
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
Choderlos De Laclos ◽  
Style Of Thought ◽  
The One

Jean-Jacques Rousseau developed the distinctive style of thought presented in La Nouvelle Héloïse in order to reconcile conflicting needs for erotic pleasure, innocence, and transparency. The cognitive style thus evolved and put forth as a moral imperative, emphasizing both the subject's ability to lose himself in an emotional fusion with others and the overwhelming power of the passions, found favor with the generation coming of age in 1761. Choderlos de Laclos, a member of that generation, although apparently much impressed by some aspects of Rousseau, presents in Les Liaisons dangereuses a cognitive style which is the antithesis and refutation of the one in La Nouvelle Héloïse. The “sentiment involontaire,” so frequently invoked in La Nouvelle Héloïse as an excuse for the inadmissible impulse or action, is subject to a scornful analysis by Laclos. Whereas Rousseau attempted to seduce the reader into accepting the morality of his novel, Laclos, on the contrary, sets up a trap by which the reader is made to recognize his own complicity, motivated by curiosity, in the maneuvers of the rapacious protagonists.

scholarly journals Towards a Complete Feynman Diagrams Automatic Computation System

1995 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. PERRET-GALLIX
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feynman Diagrams ◽  
Automatic Computation ◽  
Physics Community ◽  
The One ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
General Architecture ◽  
Energy Physics

Complete Feynman diagram automatic computation systems are now coming of age after many years of development. They are made available to the high energy physics community through user-friendly interfaces. Theorists and experimentalists can benefit from these powerful packages for speeding up time consuming calculations and for preparing event generators. The general architecture of these packages is presented and the current development of the one-loop diagrams extension is discussed. A rapid description of the prominent packages and tools is then proposed. Finally, the necessity for defining a standardization scheme is heavily stressed for the benefit of developers and users.

scholarly journals Girlhood, postfeminism and contemporary female art-house authorship

2015 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Fiona Handyside
Keyword(s):  
Coming Of Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Feminist Activism ◽  
Creative Power ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Both Sofia Coppola and Mia Hansen-Løve’s first three films can be understood as trilogies of female coming of age. These are thematic or conceptual trilogies, declared as such after the fact by their directors, and thus a self-conscious declaration of authorial agency, but the trilogy itself is not given a definitive name. This article explores the complex position these trilogies thus occupy. On the one hand, they testify to the impact of feminist activism and theorising on filmmaking, as they demonstrate the creative power and autonomy of the postfeminist auteur. On the other, they concentrate on narrow, girlish worlds, and remain marked by hesitancy and containment, demonstrating the persistent restrictions for women within postfeminist cultural norms.

scholarly journals Radical Hope or the Moral Imperative of Images in the Work of Susan Sontag Jean-Luc Godard

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idit Alphandary
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
The Self ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
Susan Sontag ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
The World ◽  
The Gift ◽  
New Form ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One

In the films For Ever Mozart, In Praise of Love and I Salute You Sarajevo, Go-dard’s images introduce radical hope to the world. I will demonstrate that this hope represents an ethical posture in the world; it is identical to goodness. Radical hope is grounded in the victim’s witnessing, internalizing and remembering catastrophe, while at the same time holding onto the belief that a variation of the self will survive the disaster. In The Gift of Death, Jacques Derrida argues that choosing to belong to the disaster is equivalent to giving the pure gift, or to goodness itself, and that it suggests a new form of responsibility for one’s life, as well as a new form of death. For Derrida, internalizing catastrophe is identical to death—a death that surpasses one’s means of giving. Such death can be reciprocated only by reinstating goodness or the law in the victim’s or the giver’s existence. The relation of survival to the gift of death—also a gift of life—challenges us to rethink our understanding of the act of witnessing. This relation also adds nuance to our appreciation of the intellectual, emotional and mental affects of the survival of the victim and the testimony and silence of the witness, all of which are important in my analysis of radical hope. On the one hand, the (future) testimony of the witness inhabits the victim or the ravaged self (now), on the other hand, testimony is not contemporaneous with the shattered ego. This means that testimony is anterior to the self or that the self that survives the disaster has yet to come into existence through making testimony material. Testimony thus exists before and beyond disaster merely as an ethical posture—a “putting-oneself-to-death or offering-one’s-death, that is, one’s life, in the ethical dimension of sacrifice,” in the words of Derrida. The witness is identical to the victim whose survival will include an unknown, surprising testimony or an event of witnessing. The testimony discloses the birth or revelation of a new self. And yet this new self survives through assuming the position of the witness even while s/he is purely the victim of catastrophe, being put to death owning the “kiss of death.”

IS THERE A TECHNOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE IN HEALTH CARE?

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-689
Author(s):  
Bjørn Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
Technological Imperative ◽  
The One

The question in the title will be addressed by first answering the question: What is a technological imperative? A review of the literature makes it clear that there are many descriptions and explanations of the technological imperative in health care, and that not all of them are important to consider. One conception of the technological imperative that is important is the one that implies that technology reduces our responsibility toward our actions. I argue that that this conception cannot be justified. That is, there is no imperative that frees us from our responsibility for developing, producing, advertising, assessing, implementing, using, and banishing technology in health care. On the contrary, the increased possibilities provided by technology result in an increased responsibility. That is, there is no technological imperative, but technology promotes a moral imperative; in particular, it promotes a moral imperative to proper assessment.

scholarly journals Gesture, sign, and language: The coming of age of sign language and gesture studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Goldin-Meadow ◽  
Diane Brentari
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gesture Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Do So

AbstractHow does sign language compare with gesture, on the one hand, and spoken language on the other? Sign was once viewed as nothing more than a system of pictorial gestures without linguistic structure. More recently, researchers have argued that sign is no different from spoken language, with all of the same linguistic structures. The pendulum is currently swinging back toward the view that sign is gestural, or at least has gestural components. The goal of this review is to elucidate the relationships among sign language, gesture, and spoken language. We do so by taking a close look not only at how sign has been studied over the past 50 years, but also at how the spontaneous gestures that accompany speech have been studied. We conclude that signers gesture just as speakers do. Both produce imagistic gestures along with more categorical signs or words. Because at present it is difficult to tell where sign stops and gesture begins, we suggest that sign should not be compared with speech alone but should be compared with speech-plus-gesture. Although it might be easier (and, in some cases, preferable) to blur the distinction between sign and gesture, we argue that distinguishing between sign (or speech) and gesture is essential to predict certain types of learning and allows us to understand the conditions under which gesture takes on properties of sign, and speech takes on properties of gesture. We end by calling for new technology that may help us better calibrate the borders between sign and gesture.

Confronting the Barons

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-107
Author(s):  
Robert F. Zeidel
Keyword(s):  
Gilded Age ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Labor Disputes ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
The One

This chapter evaluates how the fundamental question of whether business interests bore responsibility for attracting pernicious foreigners dominated the 1890s. Personal connections, such as the one between Andrew Carnegie and his steel empire, characterized the decade's labor disputes. Commercial growth and the trend toward consolidation had created large conglomerates, which seemed to signify the nation's coming of age. Even so, recurring class violence affected some of the nation's largest and most prominent businesses and cast a pall upon this glittery milieu. Here was the essence of the Gilded Age, incredible opulence coupled with unsightly social unrest. Against this backdrop, Americans of the 1890s struggled to understand why such incidents seemed to occur with increasing frequency. In the minds of angry workers, fault lay with the economic barons, but those barons and their supporters saw things differently, placing responsibility on the very immigrant employees upon whom their companies relied to meet their labor needs. Employers' only transgression seemed to be their unfortunate hiring of alien subversives.

scholarly journals A tenant's lot: on paying the rent or facing the prospect of eviction - a response to Bazerman

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
Kanavillil Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Bazerman's point (cf. Bazerman, this issue of RBLA) that the whole notion of plagiarism is beset with a fundamental, conceptual paradox is argued to be absolutely right as far as it goes but is shown to be only one of a plethora of inter-related paradoxes that plague the entire conceptual field. On the one hand, this makes plagiarism a concept (if at all it is one!) so very difficult to grapple with and particular cases of alleged plagiarism next to impossible to pin down with any amount of clarity or hundred per cent certainty. But on the other hand, it is perfectly reasonable to continue viewing the issue of plagiarism as an ethical one though not necessarily a moral imperative.

scholarly journals Beyond Compassionate Aid: Precarious Bureaucrats and Dutiful Asylum Seekers in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Giudici
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
State Restructuring ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The One ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis ◽  
Alternative Discourses

In this article, I track shifting paradigms of refugee management in Italy in times of austerity and welfare state restructuring. Drawing on an ethnographic analysis of asylum-related bureaucratic work in Bologna, the essay explores paradoxical and violent effects of welfare decline both on reception workers’ labor conditions and on the dynamic of aid that they end up providing to asylum seekers. On the one hand, recent developments in asylum management in Italy suggest a transition to post-compassionate forms of aid, hinged more on the making of dutiful subjects ready to repay the “hospitality” offered by the state than on the moral imperative to rescue suffering bodies and lives. On the other hand, reception workers’ precarious positioning and unrest hold the potential for exposing the inherent contradictions of state-based narratives, thereby shaping alternative discourses on the causes and responsibilities of both refugee and economic “crises.” Abstract Questo articolo ricostruisce l’emergere di nuovi paradigmi di gestione dei rifugiati in Italia, in tempi di austerità e ristrutturazione dei sistemi di welfare. Prendendo spunto dall’analisi etnografica di un ufficio di supporto per l’asilo a Bologna, l’articolo esplora effetti violenti e paradossali dello smantellamento del welfare pubblico, sia sulle condizioni di lavoro degli operatori dell’accoglienza, che sulle dinamiche di aiuto a richiedenti asilo che essi finiscono col contribuire a produrre. Le recenti trasformazioni nella gestione dell’asilo in Italia suggeriscono uno slittamento verso forme di aiuto post-compassionevoli, incentrate più sulla costruzione di soggetti attivamente impegnati nel ricompensare “l’ospitalità” offerta dallo stato, che sull’imperativo morale di salvare corpi e vite sofferenti. Al tempo stesso, la precarietà e il dissenso dei lavoratori dell’accoglienza sono potenzialmente in grado di illuminare alcune delle contraddizioni intrinseche alle narrazioni statali, elaborando così discorsi alternativi sulle cause e responsabilità della “crisi”, sia migratoria che economica.

scholarly journals Сognitive Style Differences in Detection and Discrimination of Sensory Signals

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
A. N. Gusev ◽  
◽  
N. N. Volkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Visual Signal ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Signal Discrimination ◽  
The One

The purpose of the study was to test individual differences in sensory sensitivity while performing signal detection and signal discrimination tasks. A total of 98 subjects performed two cognitive style tests on flexibility and rigidity of cognitive control, and focusing and scanning control, as well as two psychophysical tasks on visual signal detection (“yes/no” method) and loudness discrimination (“same/different”), each including two difficulty levels. Task type and difficulty level were considered as stimulation factors, and cognitive styles were considered as individual differences factors. The effects of both cognitive styles along with the effect of their interaction were revealed. ‘Flexible’ subjects and ‘scanners’ showed higher sensitivity in signal detection compared to ‘rigid’ subjects and ‘focusers’, respectively. Whereas no between-group differences were found in the accuracy of signal discrimination. Thus, we revealed individual differences in sensitivity, driven by cognitive style characteristics on the one hand, and task type on the other.

Literary negotiations of hybrid identity: French narratives on young female Romani migrants in France - A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
MARINA ORTRUD M. HERTRAMPF
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Hybrid Identity ◽  
Identity Negotiations ◽  
The One ◽  
Space Concept ◽  
Made In

The article deals with the identity formation and coming-of-age processes of Romani girls who have migrated from Romania to France. First, some more general reflections on the identity formation processes of young women in diasporic Roma communities are made. In this context, identity hybridization processes are described with Bhabha’s “third space” concept. Following this, the literary staging of such identity negotiations will be examined using the example of two selected French narratives: the fictional life story Gadji! (2008) by the non-Romani writer Lucie Land on the one hand and the semi-autobiographal Je suis Tzigane et je le reste (I´m a Gypsy and I remain one, 2014) by Anina Ciuciu (and co-authored by the non-Romani journalist Frédéric Veille) on the other. At the same time, the question will be asked whether and which differences can be observed between the presentation from an external viewpoint or that of a self-perspective and how these differences should be interpreted.

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