scholarly journals Statistical Studies of Heart Disease: IX. Race and Sex Differences in the Trend of Mortality from the Major Cardiovascular-Renal Diseases

1951 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Moriyama ◽  
Theodore D. Woolsey
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Statistical Studies

scholarly journals Obesity and hypertensive heart disease: focus on body composition and sex differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni de Simone ◽  
Costantino Mancusi ◽  
Raffaele Izzo ◽  
Maria Angela Losi ◽  
L. Aldo Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Hypertensive Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Focus

scholarly journals Sex differences in non-communicable disease prevalence in China: a cross-sectional analysis of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e017450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Guofeng Liu ◽  
Hongjiang Wu ◽  
Weiyan Jian ◽  
Sarah H Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo describe the sex differences in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults aged 45 years or older in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNationally representative sample of the Chinese population 2011.Participants8401 men and 8928 women over 45 years of age who participated in the first wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).Outcome measuresSelf-reported data on overall health and diagnosis of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, chronic lung disease, cancer or arthritis. Sex differences in NCDs were described using logistic regression to generate odds ratios (OR) with adjustment for sociodemographic factors and health-related behaviours. All analyses were stratified by age group for 45–64-year-old and ≥65-year-old participants.ResultsIn both age groups, men reported better overall health than women. The crude prevalence of heart disease, cancer and arthritis was higher while that of stroke and chronic lung disease was lower in women than in men. After adjustment, ORs (95% CI) for the 45–64 and ≥65 year age groups were 0.70 (0.58 to 0.84) and 0.66 (0.54 to 0.80), respectively, for arthritis for men compared with women. In contrast, ORs were 1.66 (1.09 to 2.52) and 2.12 (1.36 to 3.30) for stroke and 1.51 (1.21 to 1.89) and 1.43 (1.09 to 1.88) for chronic lung disease for men compared with women. ORs for heart disease (0.65 (0.52 to 0.80)) were lower in men than in women only in the 45–64 year age group.ConclusionsOdds of arthritis were lower while those of stroke and chronic lung disease were higher in men than in women in both age groups. However, odds of heart disease were lower in men than in women, but only in the group of individuals aged 45–64 years.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sex Differences on Endothelial Function and Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Hypertriglyceridemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zi Ren ◽  
Jiayi Guo ◽  
Xingxing Xiao ◽  
Jiana Huang ◽  
Manchao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Background. Men have a higher risk and earlier onset of cardiovascular diseases compared with premenopausal women. Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of ischemic heart disease. Endothelial dysfunction is related to the development of ischemic heart disease. Whether sex differences will affect the circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial function in hypertriglyceridemia patients or not is not clear. Methods. Forty premenopausal women and forty age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched men without cardiovascular and metabolic disease were recruited and then divided into four groups: normotriglyceridemic women (women with serum triglycerides level <150 mg/dl), hypertriglyceridemic women (women with serum triglycerides level ≥150 mg/dl), normotriglyceridemic men (men with serum triglycerides level <150 mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemic men (men with serum triglycerides level ≥150 mg/dl). Peripheral blood was obtained and evaluated. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), the number and activity of circulating EPCs, and the levels of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in plasma and culture medium were measured. Results. The number and activity of circulating EPCs, as well as the level of NO in plasma or culture medium, were remarkably increased in premenopausal females compared with those in males both in the hypertriglyceridemic group and the normotriglyceridemic group. The EPC counts and activity, as well as the production of NO, were restored in hypertriglyceridemic premenopausal women compared with those in normal women. However, in hypertriglyceridemic men, the EPC counts and activity, as well as levels of NO, were significantly reduced. The values of VEGF and GM-CSF were without statistical change. Conclusions. The present study firstly demonstrated that there were sex differences in the number and activity of circulating EPCs in hyperglyceridemia patients. Hypertriglyceridemic premenopausal women displayed restored endothelial functions, with elevated NO production, probably mediated by estradiol. We provided a new insight to explore the clinical biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for hypertriglyceridemia-related vascular damage.

scholarly journals First-Ever Ischemic Stroke and Incident Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in 93 627 Older Women and Men

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano A. Sposato ◽  
Melody Lam ◽  
Britney Allen ◽  
Salimah Z. Shariff ◽  
Gustavo Saposnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Purpose— Stroke risk is sex-specific, but little is known about sex differences of poststroke major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Stroke-related brain damage causes autonomic dysfunction and inflammation, sometimes resulting in cardiac complications. Sex-specific cardiovascular susceptibility to stroke without the confounding effect of preexisting heart disease constitutes an unexplored field because previous studies focusing on sex differences in poststroke MACE have not excluded patients with known cardiovascular comorbidities. We therefore investigated sex-specific risks of incident MACE in a heart disease-free population-based cohort of patients with first-ever ischemic stroke and propensity-matched individuals without stroke. Methods— We included Ontario residents ≥66 years, without known cardiovascular comorbidities, with first-ever ischemic stroke between 2002 and 2012 and propensity-matched individuals without stroke. We investigated the 1-year risk of incident MACE (acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, incident coronary artery disease, coronary revascularization procedures, incident heart failure, or cardiovascular death) separately for females and males. For estimating cause-specific adjusted hazard ratios, we adjusted Cox models for variables with weighted standardized differences >0.10 or those known to influence MACE risk. Results— We included 93 627 subjects without known cardiovascular comorbidities; 21 931 with first-ever ischemic stroke and 71 696 propensity-matched subjects without stroke. Groups were well-balanced on propensity-matching variables. There were 53 476 women (12 421 with and 41 055 without ischemic stroke) and 40 151 men (9510 with and 30 641 without ischemic stroke). First-ever ischemic stroke was associated with increased risk of incident MACE in both sexes. The risk was time-dependent, highest within 30 days (women: adjusted hazard ratio, 25.1 [95% CI, 19.3–32.6]; men: aHR, 23.4 [95% CI, 17.2–31.9]) and decreasing but remaining significant between 31 and 90 days (women: aHR, 4.8 [95% CI, 3.8–6.0]; men: aHR, 4.2 [95% CI, 3.3–5.4]), and 91 to 365 days (aHR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.8–2.3]; men: aHR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.7–2.3]). Conclusions— In this large population-based study, ischemic stroke was independently associated with increased risk of incident MACE in both sexes.

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