scholarly journals Statistical Studies of Heart Disease: VI. Age at Onset of Heart and Other Cardiovascular-Renal Diseases

1950 ◽  
Vol 65 (17) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore D. Woolsey
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Statistical Studies

Heterogeneity of the Predictive Polygenic Risk Scores for Coronary Heart Disease Age-at-onset in Three Different CHD Family-based Ascertainments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Feitosa ◽  
Allison L. Kuipers ◽  
Mary K. Wojczynski ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Emma Barinas-Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Family Based

Background - Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for coronary heart disease (CHD) may contribute to assess the overall risk of CHD. We evaluated how PRS may influence CHD risk when the distribution of age-at-onset, sex, and family health history differ significantly. Methods - Our study included three family-based ascertainments: Long Life Family Study (LLFS, N Individuals =4,572), which represents a low CHD risk, and Family Heart Study, which consists of randomly selected families (FamHS-Random, N Individuals =1,806), and high CHD risk families (FamHS-High Risk, N Individuals =2,301). We examined the effects of PRS, sex, family ascertainment, PRS interaction with sex (PRS*Sex) and with family ascertainment (PRS*LLFS and PRS*FamHS-High Risk) on CHD, corrected for traditional cardiovascular risk factors using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Results - Healthy-aging LLFS presented ~17 years delayed for CHD age-at-onset compared with FamHS-High Risk ( P <1.0x10 -4 ). Sex-specific association ( P <1.0x10 -17 ) and PRS*Sex ( P =2.7x10 -3 ) predicted prevalent CHD. CHD age-at-onset was associated with PRS (HR=1.57, P =1.3x10 -5 ), LLFS (HR=0.54, P =2.6x10 -5 ) and FamHS-High Risk (HR=2.86, P =6.70x10 -15 ) in men, and with PRS (HR=1.76, P =7.70x10 -3 ), FamHS-High Risk (HR=4.88, P =8.70x10 -10 ) and PRS*FamHS-High Risk (HR=0.61, P =3.60x10 -2 ) in women. In the PRS extreme quartile distributions, CHD age-at-onset was associated ( P <0.05) with PRS, FamHS-High Risk, and PRS interactions with both low and high CHD risk families for women. For men, the PRS quartile results remained similar to the whole distribution. Conclusions - Differences in CHD family-based ascertainments show evidence of PRS interacting with sex to predict CHD risk. In women, CHD age-at-onset was associated with PRS, CHD family history, and interactions of PRS with family history. In men, PRS and CHD family history were the major effects on the CHD age-at-onset. Understanding the heterogeneity of risks associated with CHD endpoints at both the personal and familial levels may shed light on the underlying genetic effects influencing CHD and lead to more personalized risk prediction.

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Pericardial Disease ◽  
Great Vessels

HEART failure is associated with an inability of the heart to empty itself adequately, with the result that there is a high venous filling pressure and a decrease in the effective work done by the heart muscle. There are several factors that, if sufficiently severe, will produce congestive heart failure in either infancy or childhood. These include valvular obstruction or insufficiency; mechanical obstruction of the heart as a whole, as in pericardial disease; the physical effects of large intracardiac shunts which increase the load on one or both ventricles; the presence of raised pressure in the pulmonary or systemic circulation; inflammatory reactions in the heart muscle or oxygen lack; and, finally, certain metabolic disturbances, such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. One or more of these factors may be operating in the same child, as in rheumatic fever where myocarditis is associated with valvular insufficiency, or in congenital heart disease with pulmonary stenosis and patent foramen ovale, where the right ventricle has a high pressure to maintain and is at the same time being offered cyanotic blood from the coronaries. PATIENT MATERIAL In analyzing 1,580 cases of congenital heart disease at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, 20 per cent were found to have had failure at some time. In 90 per cent of these failure occurred in the first year of life. A list of the various causes of heart failure in the pediatric age group in order of frequency follows. [see table in source pdf] In certain types of heart defects failure develops in characteristic age groups. For example, during the first week of life the most common cause of heart failure is aortic atresia. From 1 week to 1 month, coarctation of the aorta leads. From 1 to 2 months, transposition of the great vessels predominates. From 2 to 3 months, endocardial fibroelastosis is the chief cause of heart failure, with transportation of the great vessels second to it. The actual incidence of type of heart defect in relation to age at onset of heart failure is as follows.

Statistical studies bearing on problems in the classification of heart disease

1928 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
May G. Wilson ◽  
Claire Lingg ◽  
Geneva Croxford
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Statistical Studies
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