The Separation of Two Previously Confused Species in the Indigofera spicata Complex (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)

Kew Bulletin ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Du Puy ◽  
J. -N. Labat ◽  
B. D. Schrire
Keyword(s):  
Indigofera Spicata

Nitrogen fixation and transfer by some tropical and temperate pasture legumes in sand culture

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
EF Henzell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Nitrogen Donor ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Indigofera Spicata

Nitrogen fixation by four tropical pasture legumes-Indigofera spicata Forsk., Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) D.C., Lotononis bainesii Bak., and Stylosanthes bojeri Vogel-and by lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), was measured in sand culturere in the glasshouse. During a two year period lucerne and white clover fixed significantly more nitrogen than any of the tropical species. Indigofera spicata fixed as much nitrogen as lucerne during the first year, but was only half as productive as lucerne during the second year. Lotononis bainesii added as much nitrogen as Indigofera spicata, while smaller amounts were fixed by Desmodium uncinatum and Stylosanthes bojeri. It is likely that nitrogen fixation by Lotononis bainesii, Desmodium uncinatum, and Stylosanthes bojeri was restricted by strains of Rhizobium that were not fully effective. Paspalum commersonii Lam. was grown in association with four of the legumes. White clover was the most efficient nitrogen donor in the first year and Desmodium uncinatum was superior to the other legumes during the second year. The proportion of nitrogen transferred to the grass over two years was only 0.6 to 1.7 per cent of total fixation. Some possible reasons for this result are discussed.

The contribution of some tropical legumes to pasture yields of dry matter and nitrogen at Samford, South-eastern Queensland

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones ◽  
Davies J Griffiths ◽  
RB Waite
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Chamaecrista Fasciculata ◽  
Dolichos Biflorus ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Indigofera Spicata

Eleven legumes were grown individually with Paspalum plicatulum Michx. c.v. Hartley in grazed plots from 1959 to 1963. Yields of dry matter and nitrogen were recorded. Additional legumes and nitrogen fertilizer treatments replaced the non-persistent legume treatments from December 1960. Of the eleven legumes used initially, Phaseolus atropurpureus D.C., Phaseolus atropurpureus X (F3 seed from the cross C.P.I. 16877 x 16879), and Lotononis bainesii Bak. were the most productive and persistent. A diploid Indigofera spicata Forsk. sown in 1960 was less productive but appeared to be persistent. Vgna marina Merr., V. repens L., and two Desmodium sandwicense E.Mey. introductions persisted for two years. Five Glycine javanica L. introductions, Dolichos biflorus L., and Chamaecrista fasciculata Greene failed to persist for more than one year. The nitrogen yield of the best legume treatment (P. atropurpureus X) was equivalent to the nitrogen yield from grass fertilized with 170 lb of nitrogen an acre a year as urea, but the dry matter yields were only equivalent to those of grass fertilized with 90 lb nitrogen an acre a year. Yields of nitrogen and dry matter for the P. atropurpureus lines and L. bainesii were closely correlated with effective rainfall during the growing season over the four full years of the trial. Nitrogen transfer to the associate grass increased with time and was greater for the P. atropurpuretls lines than for L. bainesii.

Level of 3‐Nitropropanoic Acid in Relation to Toxicity of Indigofera spicata in Chicks

Crop Science ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Britten ◽  
A. L. Palafox ◽  
Michael M. Frodyma ◽  
F. T. Lynd
Keyword(s):  
Indigofera Spicata

Indospicine, a New Hepatotoxic Amino-acid from Indigofera spicata

Nature ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 217 (5126) ◽  
pp. 354-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. HEGARTY ◽  
A. W. POUND
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Indigofera Spicata

Accumulation and depletion of indospicine in calves (Bos taurus) fed creeping indigo (Indigofera spicata)

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary T. Fletcher ◽  
Keith G. Reichmann ◽  
Selina M. Ossedryver ◽  
Ross A. McKenzie ◽  
Phillip D. Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Losses ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Camel Meat ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
Pasture Plants ◽  
Indigofera Spicata

Prolonged consumption of Indigofera pasture plants can cause both hepatotoxicosis and reproductive losses in grazing animals with the responsible toxin indospicine forming persistent tissue residues. Separate accumulation and depletion feeding trials were undertaken in calves fed Indigofera spicata (3 mg indospicine/kg bodyweight) to ascertain the appearance and elimination of indospicine from various tissues. In the accumulation trial indospicine concentrations increased throughout the 42-day feeding period with maximum levels of 15 mg/L in plasma and 19 and 33 mg/kg in liver and muscle, respectively. In the depletion trial, calves were fed I. spicata for 35 days, after which the plant was withdrawn from the diet. The rate of elimination was relatively slow with estimates of half-life being 31, 25 and 20 days for muscle, liver and plasma, respectively. Indospicine levels measured in bovine tissues in this trial are comparable with levels in horsemeat and camel meat reported to cause fatal hepatoxicity in dogs, a species known to be susceptible to this toxin. The persistence of indospicine residues in bovine tissues and the widespread distribution of Indigofera species in tropical and sub-tropical grazing lands warrant further investigation, as indospicine has been established as causing reproductive losses and likely contributes to calf losses in these regions.

Comparison of Ground Cover Plants during Establishment of Cocoa on Clear-Felled Land in Ghana

1968 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
A. A. Opoku ◽  
D. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Indigofera Spicata

SummaryCocoa was used as a test crop to compare the use of nine plant species and natural regeneration as ground covers in plantations. The nine species were Tephrosia hookeriana and villosa mixtures, Indigofera sumatrana, Flemingia congesta, Desmodium asperum, Cassia tora, Indigofera spicata, Crotalaria longithyrsa, Mimosa invisa, and Tithonia diversifolia. F. congesta and T. diversifolia gave the best and most persistent ground cover. Significant differences appeared in the effects of the covers on cocoa jorquetting, heights of jorquette, stem diameter and yields. T. diversifolia retarded cocoa development (to as low as 34% of control) while the others appeared to improve it. Yields in plots of Tephrosia mixture, I. sumatrana, and F. congesta were respectively 72, 59 and 54 per cent higher than under natural regeneration.

Losses of dry matter and nitrogen from autumn-saved improved pastures during the winter at Samford, south-eastern Queensland

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Losses ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Winter Losses ◽  
Indigofera Spicata

Yields of a number of ungrazed pasture mixtures declined over winter. Losses of dry matter and nitrogen were greater in a wet winter than in a dry winter. Total dry matter losses averaged 400 lb an acre (5.5 lb an acre a day), and total nitrogen losses 10.8 lb an acre (0.15 lb an acre a day). Losses of dry matter and nitrogen from the legume component, with the exception of Lotononis bainesii Bak., were far greater than the losses from the grass component. Mixtures containing frost sensitive legumes, and grass fertilized with 200 lb nitrogen an acre, as-urea, lost more nitrogen than control treatments and grass fertilized 72 with 100 lb nitrogen an acre. Lotononis bainesii increased in yield of dry matter and nitrogen over winter in contrast to the other legumes (Phaseolus atropurpureus D.C., P. atropurpureus X, Indigofera spicata Forsk., and Glycine javanica L.), which lost 80 per cent of their pre-winter yield of nitrogen. The actual yields of L. bainesii were, however, very low. In the wet winter of 1962 dry matter and nitrogen losses from Digitaria didactyla Willd., the main weed component, were far greater than those from the planted grass Paspalum plicatulum Michx, cv. Hartley.

scholarly journals Bioaccumulation and Distribution of Indospicine and Its Foregut Metabolites in Camels Fed Indigofera spicata

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Netzel ◽  
Eddie Tan ◽  
Mukan Yin ◽  
Cindy Giles ◽  
Ken Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Natural Toxin ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Indigofera Spicata ◽  
Retrospective Investigation

In vitro experiments have demonstrated that camel foregut-fluid has the capacity to metabolize indospicine, a natural toxin which causes hepatotoxicosis, but such metabolism is in competition with absorption and outflow of indospicine from the different segments of the digestive system. Six young camels were fed Indigofera spicata (337 µg indospicine/kg BW/day) for 32 days, at which time three camels were euthanized. The remaining camels were monitored for a further 100 days after cessation of this indospicine diet. In a retrospective investigation, relative levels of indospicine foregut-metabolism products were examined by UHPLC-MS/MS in plasma, collected during both accumulation and depletion stages of this experiment. The metabolite 2-aminopimelamic acid could be detected at low levels in almost all plasma samples, whereas 2-aminopimelic acid could not be detected. In the euthanized camels, 2-aminopimelamic acid could be found in all tissues except muscle, whereas 2-aminopimelic acid was only found in the kidney, pancreas, and liver tissues. The clearance rate for these metabolites was considerably greater than for indospicine, which was still present in plasma of the remaining camels 100 days after cessation of Indigofera consumption.

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