A Field Guide to the Families and Genera of Woody Plants of Northwest South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru) with Supplementary Notes on Herbaceous Taxa

Kew Bulletin ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
T. D. Pennington ◽  
Alwyn H. Gentry
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Field Guide

Foliar habit in mistletoe–host associations

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Glatzel ◽  
Hanno Richter ◽  
Mohan Prasad Devkota ◽  
Guillermo Amico ◽  
Sugwang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Nutrient Conservation ◽  
Large Vessels ◽  
Host Associations

Foliar habit in parasite–host associations of mistletoes and trees is a neglected aspect in the discussion of foliar habit of woody plants. Almost all of the world’s mistletoe species are evergreen, regardless of the foliar habit of their hosts. Deciduous mistletoes are rare and confined to the northern fringes of Loranthaceae in Eurasia, and to Misodendraceae and the monotypic genus Desmaria (Loranthaceae) in southern South America. There are no deciduous mistletoes in the tropics and subtropics. Based on existing information and hypotheses on foliar habit, we asked why the majority of mistletoe species is evergreen, even on deciduous hosts, and why seasonality is apparently no driver for the evolution of deciduousness in parasite–host systems. We postulate that nutrient conservation is the main driver for evergreenness in mistletoes. Based on our own observations of wood anatomy in the host–haustorium–mistletoe continuum we hypothesize that the phenomenon of deciduousness in northerly Loranthus species is a consequence of interrupted water supply in large vessels after frost. In South America we could not find a consistent correlation between wood anatomy and deciduousness. We assume that deciduousness in these mistletoes evolved long ago in Antarctic forests under climatic and ecological conditions quite different from today.

Field Guide to the Woody Plants of Taita Hills, Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen W. Thijs ◽  
Inne Roelen ◽  
Winfred M. Musila
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Field Guide ◽  
Taita Hills
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