Determinants of Between-Season Site, Territory, and Mate Fidelity in Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina)

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan S. Howlett
Keyword(s):  
Wilsonia Citrina ◽  
Mate Fidelity ◽  
Hooded Warblers

scholarly journals Determinants of Between-Season Site, Territory, and Mate Fidelity in Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia Citrina)

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-465
Author(s):  
Joan S. Howlett ◽  
Bridget J. M. Stutchbury
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Site ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Wilsonia Citrina ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Mate Fidelity ◽  
Territory Fidelity ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Hooded Warblers

Abstract We examined nestling paternity, fate of nests, and prior experimental manipulations in Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) to test the hypothesis that those factors influenced the warblers' fidelity to their previous breeding site (general breeding area), territory (specific nesting and feeding area within general breeding area), and mate the following year. Field re-search was conducted at Hemlock Hill Biological Research Area in northwestern Pennsylvania from 1991 to 1998. Hooded Warblers returned to Hemlock Hill at an average annual rate of 47% over seven years. Significantly more males than females returned in 1992 and 1995, but overall difference between male and female return rates was not significant. Frequency of males returning to their former territory (58%) was greater than frequency of females returning to their former territory (29%). When mates from the previous year returned, remated pairs (n = 13) occupied their former territory more often than they occupied a new territory. Average number of young fledged per nest tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for females that returned to Hemlock Hill than for females that did not return. There was also a tendency (P = 0.09) for females that returned to the breeding site to have more nests with extrapair young than those that did not return. Territory fidelity and mate fidelity for both males and females were not related to prior nest fate or paternity of young. During those years, we conducted two relatively long-lasting experimental manipulations: vegetation removal from nest sites and radiotagging. Those experimental manipulations did not significantly affect future selection of breeding site, territory, or mate. Thus, whereas male Hooded Warblers demonstrated greater territory fidelity than females, only females were possibly affected by factors that we examined from the previous year, specifically extrapair fertilization and prior reproductive success or failure.

scholarly journals The Spatial Response of Male Hooded Warblers to Edges in Isolated Fragments

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ryan Norris ◽  
Bridget J. M. Stutchbury ◽  
Trevor E. Pitcher
Keyword(s):  
Space Use ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Wilsonia Citrina ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Hooded Warblers ◽  
Occupancy Rates

Abstract We tested whether Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) avoided abrupt forest edges by radiotracking males breeding in small, isolated forest patches (0.5–2.0 ha) in northwest Pennsylvania. Because territory edges were synonymous with abrupt forest edges in all cases, we compared space use patterns with males radiotracked in a nearby continuous forest (150 ha), where we defined edge from territorial boundaries. Based on the proportion of edge to core area, males in both habitats avoided the area within 20 m of the edge, implying that males responded to the presence of territory edge rather than forest edge. Surprisingly, however, males in isolated fragments used the edge area significantly more than males in continuous forest, even when measured against the relative amount of edge area within each territory. Elevated levels of edge use were not related to distance of nests to edges, nest stage, or time of day. We conclude that the presence of physical edges is not the sole determinant of territorial space use in this species and there are likely additional social factors influencing occupancy rates in small, isolated woodlots. Therefore, definitions of forest-interior species based on edge use need to be reconsidered.

SURVIVAL OF FLEDGLING HOODED WARBLERS (WILSONIA CITRINA) IN SMALL AND LARGE FOREST FRAGMENTS

The Auk ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
SCOTT A. RUSH ◽  
BRIDGET J. M. STUTCHBURY
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Wilsonia Citrina ◽  
Hooded Warblers

scholarly journals Sexual Differences in Gap-Crossing Ability of a Forest Songbird in a Fragmented Landscape Revealed Through Radiotracking

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ryan Norris ◽  
Bridget J. M. Stutchbury
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Fragmented Habitat ◽  
Wilsonia Citrina ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Gap Crossing ◽  
Hooded Warblers ◽  
Extrapair Copulation

Abstract We used radio telemetry to examine extraterritorial movements of female Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) breeding in small, isolated woodlots. Only 44% of the nine females tracked left their woodlots (n = 6 forays in total). Compared to males followed in the same fragments (Norris and Stutchbury 2001), females spent significantly less time off territory and traveled shorter distances across nonforested gaps. Unlike males in fragmented habitat and females in continuous forest, we found no evidence that females were actively seeking extrapair copulations. We conclude females are relatively more restricted to isolated fragments during the breeding season and suggest that the lack of extrapair copulation opportunity could contribute to female avoidance of fragmented habitat, resulting in a high number of unmated males. This study emphasizes the importance of examining the potential effects of fragmentation in both sexes.

scholarly journals Harvest-Related Edge Effects on Prey Availability and Foraging of Hooded Warblers in a Bottomland Hardwood Forest

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Kilgo
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Bottomland Hardwood ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Wilsonia Citrina ◽  
Arundinaria Gigantea ◽  
Quercus Spp ◽  
Hooded Warblers ◽  
Arthropod Abundance

AbstractThe effects of harvest-created canopy gaps in bottomland hardwood forests on arthropod abundance and, hence, the foraging ecology of birds are poorly understood. I predicted that arthropod abundance would be high near edges of group-selection harvest gaps and lower in the surrounding forest, and that male Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) foraging near gaps would find more prey per unit time than those foraging in the surrounding forest. In fact, arthropod abundance was greater >100 m from a gap edge than at 0–30 m or 30–100 m from an edge, due to their abundance on switchcane (Arundinaria gigantea); arthropods did not differ in abundance among distances from gaps on oaks (Quercus spp.) or red maple (Acer rubrum). Similarly, Hooded Warbler foraging attack rates were not higher near gap edges: when foraging for fledglings, attack rate did not differ among distances from gaps, but when foraging for themselves, attack rates actually were lower 0–30 m from gap edges than 30–100 m or >100 m from a gap edge. Foraging attack rate was positively associated with arthropod abundance. Hooded Warblers apparently encountered fewer prey and presumably foraged less efficiently where arthropods were least abundant, i.e., near gaps. That attack rates among birds foraging for fledglings were not affected by distance from gap (and hence arthropod abundance) suggests that prey availability may not be limiting at any location across the forest, despite the depressing effects of gaps on arthropod abundance.Efectos de Borde Relacionados con la Cosecha Forestal sobre la Disponibilidad de Presas y el Forrajeo de Wilsonia citrina en un Bosque Leñoso RibereñoResumen. El efecto de la creación de claros en el dosel por la cosecha de árboles en bosques leñosos ribereños sobre la abundancia de artrópodos y por lo tanto sobre la ecología de forrajeo de las aves es poco entendido. En este estudio, predije que la abundancia de artrópodos sería mayor cerca de los bordes de claros producidos por tala selectiva en grupo y menor en el bosque circundante, y que los machos de Wilsonia citrina que forrajean cerca de los claros encontrarían más presas por unidad de tiempo que aquellos que forrajean en el bosque circundante. De hecho, la abundancia de artrópodos fue mayor a más de 100 m del borde de los claros que entre 0 y 30 m o entre 30 y 100 m desde un borde, debido a la abundancia de los artrópodos sobre Arundinaria gigantea. La abundancia de artrópodos sobre Quercus spp o Acer rubrum no fue diferente entre distintas categorías de distancia desde los claros. De manera similar, las tasas de ataque de forrajeo de W. citrina no fueron mayores cerca de los bordes de los claros: cuando se encontraban forrajeando para los polluelos, las tasas de ataque no fueron diferentes entre las distancias desde los claros, pero cuando se encontraban forrajeando para ellos mismos, las tasas de ataque fueron menores entre 0 y 30 m desde el borde de un claro a más de 30 m de un borde de un claro. La tasa de ataques de forrajeo se relacionó positivamente con la abundancia de artrópodos. Aparentemente, W. citrina encontró menos presas y posiblemente forrajeó de una manera menos eficiente donde los artrópodos eran menos abundantes, i.e., cerca de los claros. El hecho de que la tasa de ataque por parte de individuos que estaban forrajeando para sus polluelos no fuera afectada por la distancia a los bordes (y por lo tanto por la abundancia de artrópodos) sugiere que la disponibilidad de presas no parece ser limitante en ningún lugar del bosque, a pesar del efecto negativo de los claros sobre la abundancia de artrópodos.

The effects of selective logging on nest-site selection and productivity of hooded warblers (Wilsonia citrina) in Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M Whittam ◽  
Jon D McCracken ◽  
Charles M Francis ◽  
Mary E Gartshore
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Wilsonia Citrina ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Hooded Warblers

We examined nest-site selection by hooded warblers (Wilsonia citrina) in two forests differing in composition (extensive pine plantation versus largely deciduous) and management (recent selective logging versus minimal logging). We measured habitat at 52 nests and 66 controls in one forest and 57 nests and 41 controls in the second. Nests had denser ground vegetation, fewer tree stems, less basal area due to small trees and greater basal area due to large trees than controls in both forests. In the managed forest with extensive pine plantations, hooded warblers were in coniferous and logged stands more often than expected by chance, nests had more stumps and greater canopy height than controls, and 91% (52/57) of all nests were found in gaps, 84% of which were created by harvest. Gap age was 6.2 ± 0.9 years (mean ± SE) in 1999, and 7.6 ± 0.6 years in 2000. In the managed forest, 52% of 24 nests were parasitized in 1999 and 39% of 33 nests were parasitized in 2000. The daily survival rate was 0.936 ± 0.019 in 1999 and 0.944 ± 0.014 in 2000. Successful nests did not differ from unsuccessful nests in any habitat variable. To benefit hooded warblers, forest managers should mimic natural gap creation by using selective logging to create gaps no larger than 0.05 ha, and should leave a residual basal area of mature trees (>38 cm diameter at breast height) of at least 12 m2/ha.

Fledgling care and male parental effort in the Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley J. Evans Ogden ◽  
Bridget J. M. Stutchbury
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wilsonia Citrina ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Nestling Period ◽  
Brood Division ◽  
Hooded Warblers ◽  
Care Period

We followed family groups of Hooded Warblers (Wilsonia citrina) from hatching through to fledgling independence to determine (i) the duration and extent of parental care of fledglings, (ii) the extent of brood division, and (iii) whether male parental effort in caring for nestlings predicts male effort in caring for fledglings. The 9-day nestling period of Hooded Warblers was followed by 4 – 6 weeks of further parental care of fledged young. Parental feeding rates increased from hatching to when the young fledged from the nest, and males fed nestlings significantly more than females did. At the fledgling stage feeding rates to fledglings were significantly higher than at the nestling stage, but there was no difference in feeding rates between the parents. Parents usually divided the brood of fledglings equally, so that each parent assumed full and exclusive care of a subset of the brood. However, many females (45%) initiated a second brood and the male assumed care of the entire first brood at the time when his mate began incubating. The proportion of feeding trips to nestlings made by the male was not predictive of his subsequent effort in the care of fledglings. Exclusion of the fledgling care period in studies of parental investment may give a biased picture of overall investment on the part of both male and female parents.

The function of breeding season chip calls by female hooded warblers (Wilsonia citrina)

Behaviour ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Piper ◽  
Bridget Stutchbury ◽  
Diane Neudorf
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Wilsonia Citrina ◽  
Hooded Warblers
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