Sex Ratios of Red-Winged Blackbirds by Egg Size and Laying Sequence

The Auk ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Weatherhead
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 267 (01) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terje Lislevand ◽  
Ingvar Byrkjedal ◽  
Thomas Borge ◽  
Glenn-Peter Sætre

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Meathrel ◽  
John P. Ryder

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1708) ◽  
pp. 1054-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Macke ◽  
Sara Magalhães ◽  
Hong Do-Thi Khan ◽  
Anthony Luciano ◽  
Adrien Frantz ◽  
...  

Haplodiploid species display extraordinary sex ratios. However, a differential investment in male and female offspring might also be achieved by a differential provisioning of eggs, as observed in birds and lizards. We investigated this hypothesis in the haplodiploid spider mite Tetranychus urticae , which displays highly female-biased sex ratios. We show that egg size significantly determines not only larval size, juvenile survival and adult size, but also fertilization probability, as in marine invertebrates with external fertilization, so that female (fertilized) eggs are significantly larger than male (unfertilized) eggs. Moreover, females with on average larger eggs before fertilization produce a more female-biased sex ratio afterwards. Egg size thus mediates sex-specific egg provisioning, sex and offspring sex ratio. Finally, sex-specific egg provisioning has another major consequence: male eggs produced by mated mothers are smaller than male eggs produced by virgins, and this size difference persists in adults. Virgin females might thus have a (male) fitness advantage over mated females.


The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Burnham ◽  
Calvin Sandfort ◽  
James R. Belthoff
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  

The Auk ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Kennamer ◽  
Sheila V. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyan You ◽  
Jiang Feng ◽  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Jilong Wang ◽  
Chao Dong ◽  
...  

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Burnham ◽  
Calvin Sandfort ◽  
James R. Belthoff

AbstractEggs (n = 367) collected from wild Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum) nests between 1976 and 1990 in Colorado and New Mexico were artificially incubated and hatched. We retrospectively examined these data for variation in egg length, breadth, and initial mass of hatchlings to resolve questions about relationships among egg size, chick size, and sex; and egg size related to first and second clutches and years. Egg length and breadth were significantly related to chick mass at hatching. Neither egg size nor hatchling mass were related to sex. Egg breadth slightly increased and then decreased over the years eggs were collected, which possibly reflects a re-established and then aging wild falcon population or other environmental variation. We also evaluated clutch sex ratios relative to theory based on sexual size dimorphism and local resource competition. Sex ratios did not significantly differ from 1:1 within first or second clutches separately or when combined. Thus, Peregrine Falcons in this population apparently did not skew clutch sex ratios in accordance with local resource competition or Fisherian theory.Huevos de Halcones Peregrinos: Tamaño, Sexo de los Pichones y Proporción de Sexos en la NidadaResumen. Huevos (n = 367) colectados de nidos silvestres de halcones peregrinos (Falco peregrinus anatum) entre 1976 y 1990 en Colorado y New Mexico fueron incubados artificialmente hasta eclosionar. Examinamos esos datos retrospectivamente en cuanto a la variación en la longitud y ancho del huevo y el peso inicial de los pichones para contestar preguntas sobre las relaciones entre tamaño del huevo, tamaño del pichón y sexo, y entre el tamaño del huevo con relación a primeras y segundas nidadas y años. La longitud y el ancho del huevo estuvieron significativamente relacionados con la masa del pichón al eclosionar. El tamaño del huevo y el peso del pichón no estuvieron relacionados con el sexo. El ancho de los huevos aumentó ligeramente y luego disminuyó a través de los años en que los huevos se colectaron, lo que posiblemente refleja una población silvestre de halcones re-establecida y posteriormente senescente, u otro tipo de variación ambiental. También evaluamos la proporción de sexos en las nidadas con relación a la teoría basada en el dimorfismo sexual de tamaño y la competencia local por recursos. Las proporciones de sexos no difirieron significativamente de 1:1 entre primeras o segundas nidadas separadamente o de forma combinada. Por tanto, los halcones peregrinos en esta población aparentemente no sesgaron la proporción de sexos en sus nidadas de acuerdo a la competencia local por recursos o a la teoría Fisheriana.


1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. BUCKLAND

The effect of cold stressing 17-day chicken embryos was studied for 2 successive years. Exposing embryos to 21.2 C for up to 24 hr caused a nonsignificant reduction in hatchability, while 11.3 and 5.2 C caused a significant drop in hatchability. Egg size did not influence the effect of cold stress on hatchability. All three temperatures caused an increase in chick weight at hatching. Exposure to 21.2 C had no effect on 2, 4 or 6 week body weight except to reduce 2 week body weight of females. Prolonged exposure to 11.3 C generally reduced 4 and 6 week body weight. Exposing embryos to 5.2 C for 4 and 8 hr resulted in an increase in 4 and 6 week body weight, while 12 hr of exposure caused a reduction in 2, 4 and 6 week body weight. Post-hatching mortality was increased by exposure to 5.2 C for 12 and 16 hr in the first year, while in the second year prolonged exposure to all temperatures increased mortality. There was no effect of cold stress on sex ratios. Preincubation storage reduced hatchability, except in 1968 when there was an effect of cold stress on hatchability. Hatchability then increased as storage time increased. Post-hatching body weight and mortality were not affected by preincubation storage.


1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 3044-3047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Leblanc

Variation in egg size relative to laying sequence was examined for clutches of captive and wild western Canada geese (Branta canadensis moffitti). Eggs laid in the middle of a sequence were very similar in size and were larger than the first and last eggs of a clutch, which did not differ. Intraclutch variation in egg size in Canada geese may be caused by hormonal changes during egg formation and at the onset of incubation.


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