scholarly journals The effect of sleep on item recognition and source memory recollection among shift-workers and permanent day-workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Mawdsley ◽  
Katrina Grasby ◽  
Andrew Talk
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
Shift Workers

Metacognitive inferences in source memory judgements: The role of perceived differences in item recognition

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Meiser ◽  
Christine Sattler ◽  
Ulrich Von Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Monitoring Model ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Different Sources

This research investigated the hypothesis that metacognitive inferences in source memory judgements are based on the recognition or nonrecognition of an event together with perceived or expected differences in the recognizability of events from different sources. The hypothesis was tested with a multinomial source-monitoring model that allowed separation of source-guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items. Experiments 1A and 1B manipulated the number of item presentations as relevant source information and revealed differential guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items, with a bias to attribute unrecognized items to the source associated with poor item recognition. Experiments 2A and 2B replicated the findings with a manipulation of presentation time and extended the analysis to subjective differences in item recognition. Experiments 3A and 3B used more natural source information by varying type of acoustic signal and demonstrated that subjective theories about differences in item recognition are sufficient to elicit differential source-guessing biases for recognized and unrecognized items. Together the findings provide new insights into the cognitive processes underlying source memory decisions, which involve episodic memory and reconstructive tendencies based on metacognitive beliefs and general world knowledge.

scholarly journals The list strength effect in source memory: Data and a global matching model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Osth ◽  
Julian Fox ◽  
Meredith McKague ◽  
Andrew Heathcote ◽  
Simon Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Mixed List ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
Analysis Experiment ◽  
List Strength ◽  
Global Matching ◽  
List Strength Effect ◽  
Strength Effect ◽  
Ensemble Representations

A critical constraint on models of item recognition comes from the list strength paradigm, in which a proportion of items are strengthened to observe the effect on the non-strengthened items. In item recognition, it has been widely established that increasing list strength does not impair performance, in that performance of a set of items is unaffected by the strength of the other items on the list. However, to date the effects of list strength manipulations have not been measured in the source memory task. We conducted three source memory experiments where items studied in two sources were presented in a pure weak list, where all items were presented once, and a mixed list, where half of the items in both sources were presented four times. Each experiment varied the nature of the testing format. In Experiment 1, in which each study list was only tested on one task (item recognition or source memory), a list strength effect was found in source memory while anull effect was found for item recognition. Experiments 2 and 3 showed robust null list strength effects when either the test phase (Experiment 2) or the analysis (Experiment 3) was restricted to recognized items. An extension of the Osth and Dennis (2015) model was able to account for the results in both tasks in all experiments by assuming that unrecognized items elicit guess responses in the source memory task and that there was low interference among the studied items. The results were also found to be consistent with a variant of the retrieving effectively from memory model (REM; Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997) that uses ensemble representations.

scholarly journals The list strength effect in source memory: Data and a global matching model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Osth ◽  
Julian Fox ◽  
Meredith McKague ◽  
Andrew Heathcote ◽  
Simon Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Mixed List ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
Null Effect ◽  
Analysis Experiment ◽  
List Strength ◽  
Global Matching ◽  
List Strength Effect ◽  
Strength Effect

A critical constraint on models of item recognition comes from the list strength paradigm, in which a proportion of items are strengthened to observe the effect on the non-strengthened items. In item recognition, it has been widely established that increasing list strength does not impair performance, in that performance of a set of items is unaffected by the strength of the other items on the list. However, to date the effects of list strength manipulations have not been measured in the source memory task. We conducted three source memory experiments where items studied in two sources were presented in a pure weak list, where all items were presented once, and a mixed list, where half of the items in both sources were presented four times. Each experiment varied the nature of the testing format. In Experiment 1, in which each study list was only tested on one task (item recognition or source memory), a list strength effect was found in source memory while a null effect was found for item recognition. Experiments 2 and 3 showed robust null list strength effects when either the test phase (Experiment 2) or the analysis (Experiment 3) was restricted to recognized items. An extension of the Osth and Dennis (2015) model was able to account for the results in both tasks in all experiments by assuming that unrecognized items elicit guess responses in the source memory task and that there was low interference among the studied items. The results were also found to be consistent with a variant of the retrieving effectively from memory model (REM; Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997) that uses ensemble representations.

scholarly journals Pure-list production improves item recognition and sometimes also improves source memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1281-1294
Author(s):  
Glen E. Bodner ◽  
Mark J. Huff ◽  
Alexander Taikh
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
Pure List

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between processing fluency and memory for source information

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina S.-T. Huang ◽  
David R. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
Processing Fluency ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Accuracy ◽  
Confidence Ratings

Familiarity-based processes such as processing fluency can influence memory judgements in tests of item recognition. Many conventional accounts of source memory assume minimal influence of familiarity on source memory, but recent work has suggested that source memory judgements are affected when test stimuli are processed with greater fluency as a result of priming. The present experiments investigated the relationship between fluency and the accuracy of source memory decisions. Participants studied words presented with different source attributes. During test, they identified words that gradually clarified on screen through progressive demasking, made old/new and source memory judgements, and reported confidence ratings for those words. Response times (RTs) recorded from the item identification task formed the basis of a fluency measure, and identification RTs were compared across categories of item recognition, source accuracy and confidence. Identification RTs were faster in trials with correct retrieval of source information compared with trials for which source could not be accurately retrieved. These findings are consistent with the assumption that familiarity-based processes are related to source memory judgements.

Positive Arousal Enhances the Consolidation of Item Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Learning Phase ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Immediate Memory

Emotional arousal induced after learning has been shown to modulate memory consolidation. However, it is unclear whether the effect of postlearning arousal can extend to different aspects of memory. This study examined the effect of postlearning positive arousal on both item memory and source memory. Participants learned a list of neutral words and took an immediate memory test. Then they watched a positive or a neutral videoclip and took delayed memory tests after either 25 minutes or 1 week had elapsed after the learning phase. In both delay conditions, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of item memory as measured by overall recognition. Furthermore, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of familiarity but not recollection. However, positive arousal appeared to have no effect on consolidation of source memory. These findings have implications for building theoretical models of the effect of emotional arousal on consolidation of episodic memory and for applying postlearning emotional arousal as a technique of memory intervention.

Tests of a model for source and item recognition memory

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hautus ◽  
Caren M. Rotello ◽  
Neil A. MacMillan
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Item Recognition
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