The Search for a Survival Value of Music

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan G. Roederer
Keyword(s):  
Music Perception ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Current State ◽  
Basic Issue ◽  
Complete Detachment ◽  
The Brain

A most basic issue in the study of music perception is the question of why humans are motivated to pay attention to, or create, musical messages, and why they respond emotionally to them, when such messages seem to convey no real-time relevant biological information as do speech, animal utterances, and environmental sounds. Expanding on previous work (Roederer, 1979,1982) three possibly concurrent factors will be examined: (1) The inborn motivation to train language-handling networks of the brain in the processing of simple, organized sound patterns as a prelude to the acquisition of language; (2) The need to extract the information contained in the "musical" components of speech; (3) The value of music as a means of transmitting information on emotional states and its effect in congregating and behaviorally equalizing masses of people. In the discussion, special attention will be paid to the role of motivation and emotion in auditory perception, to the fact that in humans limbic system functions can be activated by internally evoked images in complete detachment from the current state of environment and organism, and to the existence of two distinct strategies of cerebral information processing, namely short-term time sequencing, as required in speech communication and thinking, and holistic pattern recognition, as required in music perception.

The Advancement of Neuroimaging Research Investigating Developmental Stuttering

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deryk S. Beal
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Developmental Stuttering ◽  
The Brain ◽  
State Of The Field

We are amassing information about the role of the brain in speech production and the potential neural limitations that coincide with developmental stuttering at a fast rate. As such, it is difficult for many clinician-scientists who are interested in the neural correlates of stuttering to stay informed of the current state of the field. In this paper, I aim to inspire clinician-scientists to tackle hypothesis-driven research that is grounded in neurobiological theory. To this end, I will review the neuroanatomical structures, and their functions, which are implicated in speech production and then describe the relevant differences identified in these structures in people who stutter relative to their fluently speaking peers. I will conclude the paper with suggestions on directions of future research to facilitate the evolution of the field of neuroimaging of stuttering.

scholarly journals Neuroclinical Framework for the Role of Stress in Addiction

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 247054701769814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Kwako ◽  
George F. Koob
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Stress Component ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Research Domain

Addiction has been conceptualized as a three-stage cycle— binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation—that worsens over time and involves allostatic changes in hedonic function via changes in the brain reward and stress systems. Using the withdrawal/negative affect stage and negative reinforcement as an important source of motivation for compulsive drug seeking, we outline the neurobiology of the stress component of the withdrawal/negative affect stage and relate it to a derivative of the Research Domain Criteria research construct for the study of psychiatric disease, known as the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment. Using the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment, we outline five subdomains of negative emotional states that can be operationally measured in human laboratory settings and paralleled by animal models. We hypothesize that a focus on negative emotionality and stress is closely related to the acute neurobiological alterations that are experienced in addiction and may serve as a bridge to a reformulation of the addiction nosology to better capture individual differences in patients for whom the withdrawal/negative affect stage drives compulsive drug taking.

scholarly journals Bringing radiomics into a multi-omics framework for a comprehensive genotype–phenotype characterization of oncological diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Zanfardino ◽  
Monica Franzese ◽  
Katia Pane ◽  
Carlo Cavaliere ◽  
Serena Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Integration ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
R Package ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Phenotype Definition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Cancer Phenotype

Abstract Genomic and radiomic data integration, namely radiogenomics, can provide meaningful knowledge in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Despite several data structures based on multi-layer architecture proposed to combine multi-omic biological information, none of these has been designed and assessed to include radiomic data as well. To meet this need, we propose to use the MultiAssayExperiment (MAE), an R package that provides data structures and methods for manipulating and integrating multi-assay experiments, as a suitable tool to manage radiogenomic experiment data. To this aim, we first examine the role of radiogenomics in cancer phenotype definition, then the current state of radiogenomics data integration in public repository and, finally, challenges and limitations of including radiomics in MAE, designing an extended framework and showing its application on a case study from the TCGA-TCIA archives. Radiomic and genomic data from 91 patients have been successfully integrated in a single MAE object, demonstrating the suitability of the MAE data structure as container of radiogenomic data.

scholarly journals NEUROLOGY AT THE BORDER OF CENTURIES: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. A. Suslina
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Current State ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Hereditary Disorders ◽  
Neurological Pathology ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

A significant role of neurology for medicine and society is caused by severity of clinical presentations and consequences of the nervous system diseases, as well as by huge economic burden related to neurological pathology. The paper presents a review of the current state and prospects for the development of socially most important fields of modern neurology, among which one can list studies of cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative, demyelinating and hereditary disorders, discovery of molecular mechanisms of their pathogenesis, and improvement of the methods of treatment, neurorehabilitation and prophylaxis on the basis of new medical technologies. An essential link between clinical and basic research in expanding the existing knowledge about the structure/functions of the brain in normal conditions and different-type pathological processes is stressed. 

scholarly journals Neuropsychologiczne aspekty percepcji muzyki

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Karolina Czernecka
Keyword(s):  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
Error Perception ◽  
The Brain

The article reviews selected neuropsychological studies on brain correlates of music perception. First, the role and specialization of auditory cortex is discussed, focusing on differences between primary/secondary cortices as well as hemispheric asymmetry. Second, brain structures giving rise to emotional experiences during music listening are discussed, along with several possible explanatory mechanisms. Third, studies showing strengthened relationships between motor and auditory areas of the brain are demonstrated in the context of relative easiness of music to organize actions. The last part of the article focuses on the role of prefrontal cortex in building musical expectations and error perception. The influence of additional variables, such as listener’s musical training, on the observed effects is also discussed.

scholarly journals Gastric leptin: a putative role in the short-term regulation of food intake

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Picó ◽  
Paula Oliver ◽  
Juana Sánchez ◽  
Andreu Palou
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Endocrine Cell Type ◽  
The Brain

The discovery of the production of leptin by the stomach, in addition to its production by adipose tissue, has initiated new investigation into the possible role of this protein in the digestive physiology, in particular in the short-term control of energy balance. Leptin has been identified in the lower half of the stomach glands both in the pepsinogen granules of chief cells and in the granules of a specific endocrine cell type, suggesting that leptin action is exerted by both exocrine and endocrine pathways. Gastric leptin is sensitive to the nutritional state, being rapidly mobilized in response to food intake following fasting, or after the administration of satiety factors; this suggests a role for this protein in the short-term regulation of feeding, acting in collaboration with satiety peptides such as cholecystokinin. Leptin, produced by gastric cells and by adipocytes, could act on both acute and chronic regulation of feeding behaviour respectively, giving information to the brain on the availability of external (food) and internal (fat depots) energy resources, thus participating in short- and long-term satiation.

New Perspectives On the Role of the Heart in Positive Emotions, Intuition, and Social Coherence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rollin McCraty ◽  
Robert A. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Social Coherence ◽  
The Brain

Scientific research has established the existence of complex, highly sophisticated neural pathways that connect the human heart and brain, confirming that the activity of the heart directly influences the activity of higher brain centers involved in perceptual and cognitive processing and in the creation of emotional experience. This chapter examines research that has found that different emotions are reflected in state-specific patterns in the heart’s rhythms. Recent work has demonstrated a 75% accuracy in the detection of discrete emotional states from the heart rate variability (HRV) signal. As people experience sincere positive feelings, the more ordered information flowing from the heart to the brain facilitates cortical function and improves cognitive performance. These findings may help explain the significant shifts in broadened perception, increased mental clarity, and heightened intuitive awareness reported by many individuals when practicing heart-centered, positive emotion–refocusing and restructuring techniques.

scholarly journals Attention and Emotional States during Horticultural Activities of Adults in 20s Using Electroencephalography: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12968
Author(s):  
A-Young Lee ◽  
Seon-Ok Kim ◽  
Sin-Ae Park
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Connection To Nature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brain Waves ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
Attention Level ◽  
The Brain

Since indoor, sedentary lifestyles became prevalent in society, humans have lost a sustainable connection to nature. An intervention utilizing outdoor horticultural activities could address such a challenge, but their beneficial effects on the brain and emotions have not been characterized in a quantitative approach. We aimed to investigate brain activity and emotional changes in adults in their 20s during horticultural activity to confirm feasibility of horticultural activity to improve cognitive and emotional states. Sixty university students participated in 11 outdoor horticultural activities at 2-min intervals. We measured brain waves of participants’ prefrontal cortex using a wireless electroencephalography device while performing horticultural activities. Between activities, we evaluated emotional states of participants using questionnaires. Results showed that each horticultural activity showed promotion of brain activity and emotional changes at varying degrees. The participants during physically intensive horticultural activities—digging, raking, and pruning—showed the highest attention level. For emotional states, the participants showed the highest fatigue, tension, and vigor during digging and raking. Plant-based activities—harvesting and transplanting plants—made participants feel natural and relaxed the most. Therefore, this pilot study confirmed the possibility of horticultural activity as a short-term physical intervention to improve attention levels and emotional stability in adults.

scholarly journals Tyreoliberin (Trh) – The Regulatory Neuropeptide of Cns Homeostasis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Jantas
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Locomotive Activity ◽  
Trh Analogues ◽  
Cortical System ◽  
The Brain

SummaryThe physiological role of thyreoliberin (TRH) is the preservation of homeostasis within four systems (i) the hypothalamic-hypophsysiotropic neuroendocrine system, (ii) the brain stem/midbrain/spinal cord system, (iii) the limbic/cortical system, and (iv) the chronobiological system. Thus TRH, via various cellular mechanisms, regulates a wide range of biological processes (arousal, sleep, learning, locomotive activity, mood) and possesses the potential for unique and widespread applications for treatment of human illnesses. Since the therapeutic potential of TRH is limited by its pharmacological profile (enzymatic instability, short half-life, undesirable effects), several synthetic analogues of TRH were constructed and studied in mono- or adjunct therapy of central nervous system (CNS) disturbances. The present article summarizes the current state of understanding of the physiological role of TRH and describes its putative role in clinical indications in CNS maladies with a focus on the action of TRH analogues.

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