scholarly journals Herbage Quality of Fertilized Cool-Season Grass-Legume Mixtures in Western Nebraska

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Schultz ◽  
J. Stubbendieck
Keyword(s):  
Cool Season ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Nutritive Quality of Cool-Season Grass Monocultures and Binary Grass-Alfalfa Mixtures at Late Harvest

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Berdahl ◽  
James F. Karn ◽  
John R. Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
Cool Season ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Cool Season Grass

An investigation into the anatomical differences between flat and folded leaves in reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Wrobel ◽  
B. E. Coulman ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
Morphological Variants ◽  
Cool Season Grass ◽  
Respective Species

Reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea L., is one of the most productive, perennial cool-season grasses. It is found in humid and subhumid regions of the northern United States and southern Canada. Reed canarygrass plants with folded leaves were observed in a space-planted nursery. Morphological variants involving leaf folding or rolling have been studied in a number of grass species. None of these studies have investigated the anatomical differences between the folded leaf and more frequently occurring flat leaves in the respective species. The objective of this study was to investigate the histological differences between the folded and flat leaves. Upon sectioning, the flat leaf type was observed to have turgid bulliform cells, while those in the folded leaves were flaccid. And the folded leaves appeared to have a larger sclerenchymal layer in the extended bundle sheaths compared with the flat leaves. Incorporating the folded leaf genotype into a breeding program may allow the cultivation of reed canarygrass in more arid regions, and may improve the biofuel quality of a resulting cultivar. Key words: Leaf morphology, anatomy, plant breeding, cool-season grass, folded leaf

scholarly journals Selective Control of Bentgrass in ‘True Putt’ Creeping Bluegrass

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Author(s):  
T.D. Carson ◽  
B.P. Horgan ◽  
D.B. White
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Abstract The ability to selectively control a specific cool-season grass growing in a mixed stand would offer great advantages to turfgrass managers. It is common for monostands of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) to become infested with annual bluegrass (Poa annua). Conversely, monostands of ‘True Putt’ creeping bluegrass (Poa annua var. reptans), a commercially available perennial biotype of Poa annua, often develop bentgrass infestations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various herbicides for the selective control of bentgrass with minimal injury to True Putt. Nine herbicide treatments were applied to 248 cm2 (38.4 in2) plugs maintained at 1.3 cm (0.51 in) in the greenhouse. The experiment was conducted twice during the winter of 2001–2002. Several ratings were made over the four week period on quality of bentgrass and creeping bluegrass and on reduction of bentgrass cover. Vantage, Image, Assure II, Fusilade II, Finale, and Balance Pro gave a minimum of 65% control with Vantage, Assure II, Fusilade II, and Finale achieving 100% control. However, Vantage was the only herbicide that provided complete control of bentgrass while causing no significant reduction in the quality of True Putt creeping bluegrass. Assure II and Fusilade II also provided complete control of bentgrass, but both had a negative impact on the quality of True Putt.

scholarly journals WHAT IS THE MAKE-UP OF A DRYLAND PASTURE?

1983 ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
E.W. Vartha ◽  
J.H. Hoglund
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Management ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Subsequent Cool ◽  
Positive Approach ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Fertility ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Summer Grazing

Summer grazing managements, spelling, set-stocking, fast or slow rotations and topping or no topping, did not influence herbage growth in autumn of Nui ryegrass pasture. The cause of pasture deterioration on dryland, previously suggested to be through summer overgrazing, now seems more likely to be an effect of autumn overgrazing, particularly if pastures have been attacked by Argentine stem weevil and drought is continuing from summer. Low nitrogen fertility through often low fixation of nitrogen by clover, uncertainty of response of pasture to nitrogen fertiliser in cool season, and the effects from overgrazing, cause an extreme limitation in autumn-winter feed supply for stock in drought years. Feeding of silage in summer-autumn is advocated as a positive approach to this situation. On sunny aspects of dry hill country, buildup of dead herbage through summer considerably reduces the quality of the subsequent cool season growth of grass in the herbage mass. Several attempts to establish oversown grasses for improved cool season yield have not been successful. Dry hill grassland thus provides a considerable challenge to effect much improvement beyond manipulating the quality of the existing vegetation by grazing management. Keywords: Dryland pasture, grazing management, fertility, herbage quality

PSXIII-2 Effect of varying proportions of cereal rye and turnip on ruminal fermentation and methane output through in vitro batch culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 461-461
Author(s):  
Jordan L Cox-O’Neill ◽  
Vivek Fellner ◽  
Alan J Franluebbers ◽  
Deidre D Harmon ◽  
Matt H Poore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Abstract Ruminant animal performance has been variable in studies grazing annual cool-season grass and brassica monocultures and mixtures. There is little understanding of the fermentation mechanisms causing variation. The aim of this study was to determine apparent dry matter (DM) digestibility, methane, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration from different proportions of cereal rye (Secale cereal; R) and turnip (Brassica rapa L.; T) (0R:100T, 40R:60T, 60R:40T, and 100R:0T) via in vitro batch fermentation. Freeze-dried forage samples from an integrated crop-livestock study was assembled into the four treatments with a 50:50 leaf to root ratio for turnip. Measurements were made following a 48 hr fermentation with 2:1 buffer and ruminal fluid inoculum. Data were analyzed using Mixed Procedure of SAS with batch (replicate) and treatment (main effect) in the model; differences were declared at P ≤ 0.05, with tendencies declared at > 0.05 but < 0.10. Rumen apparent DM digestibility (26.8%; overall mean) was not different among treatments. Methane production was less (P < 0.01) with inclusion of turnip ranging from 774 nmol/ml for 0R:100T to 1416 nmol/ml for 100R:0T. Total VFA production, acetate to propionate ratio, acetate, and valerate were not affected by forage treatments (117 mM, 1.45, 39.84 mol/100 mol, and 7.86 mol/100 mol, respectively; overall mean). Propionate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate concentrations were greater and butyrate concentration less with greater (P < 0.01) proportions of rye in the mixture. No effect of R:T ratio on digestibility or total VFA production along with the observed differences in individual VFA concentration do not explain variable response in grazing animals. Additionally, methane production results indicate that grazing turnips could potentially reduce methane production and thus reduce ruminant livestock’s contribution to greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Epichloë Endophyte Infection Rates and Alkaloid Content in Commercially Available Grass Seed Mixtures in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Jochen Krauss ◽  
Veronika Vikuk ◽  
Carolyn A. Young ◽  
Markus Krischke ◽  
Martin J. Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Toxic Alkaloids ◽  
Cool Season Grass ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte ◽  
Seed Mixtures

Fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë live symbiotically in cool season grass species and can produce alkaloids toxic to insects and vertebrates, yet reports of intoxication of grazing animals have been rare in Europe in contrast to overseas. However, due to the beneficial resistance traits observed in Epichloë infected grasses, the inclusion of Epichloë in seed mixtures might become increasingly advantageous. Despite the toxicity of fungal alkaloids, European seed mixtures are rarely tested for Epichloë infection and their infection status is unknown for consumers. In this study, we tested 24 commercially available seed mixtures for their infection rates with Epichloë endophytes and measured the concentrations of the alkaloids ergovaline, lolitrem B, paxilline, and peramine. We detected Epichloë infections in six seed mixtures, and four contained vertebrate and insect toxic alkaloids typical for Epichloë festucae var. lolii infecting Lolium perenne. As Epichloë infected seed mixtures can harm livestock, when infected grasses become dominant in the seeded grasslands, we recommend seed producers to test and communicate Epichloë infection status or avoiding Epichloë infected seed mixtures.

scholarly journals THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Janka Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

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