Description and Possible Reasons for an Abnormally Large Group Size of Adult Eastern Coyotes Observed during Summer

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Jonathan G. Way
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Large Group

An ecological basis for large group size in Colobus angolensis in the Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Fimbel ◽  
Amy Vedder ◽  
Ellen Dierenfeld ◽  
Felix Mulindahabi
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Colobus Angolensis ◽  
Ecological Basis

scholarly journals The Effects of Group Size and Time on the Formation of Online Communities: Evidence From Reddit

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 205630511881590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Panek ◽  
Connor Hollenbach ◽  
Jinjie Yang ◽  
Tyler Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Group Member

These studies examine the influence of group size and the passage of time on two characteristics of online communities: dispersion of participation in group discussions and active member turnover from month to month. We used multilevel analysis to examine the dynamics of user contributions to discussions on Reddit, a popular website that hosts large-group discussions, across 30 groups over 6 years. As groups grow in size, participation becomes more highly concentrated among fewer members while turnover decreases. As time passes, participation becomes more widely dispersed while group member turnover increases. An increase in group member turnover appears to be the result of both a maturation effect (as each group ages, turnover increases) as well as a cohort effect (groups formed at a later date have higher turnover than groups formed earlier). We can conclude from these results that as time progresses and groups become larger, they become less community-like, but in different ways.

An Assessment of an electronic feeding system and “dynamic” grouping in loose-housed sows

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 120-120
Author(s):  
R.J. Lambert ◽  
M. Ellis ◽  
P. Rowlinson
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Group Management ◽  
Large Group

Recently, sow-activated electronic concentrate dispensers allowing dry sows to be group-housed and individually fed have been seriously considered as an alternative to the close confinement of pregnant sows. For the system to be economic, each feeding unit needs to be used to its maximum potential, while at the same time considering the well-being of the animals.Previous work has established that levels of aggression may be minimised within a set group size and the maximum number of sows per feeder may be increased to over 30 by feeding only once per day on this system (Lambert et al., 1985). With groups of this size, the practical aspects of large group management need to be considered.

scholarly journals First- and second-order sociality determine survival and reproduction in cooperative cichlids

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1819) ◽  
pp. 20151971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Jungwirth ◽  
Michael Taborsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Indirect Fitness ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Different Levels

Cooperative breeders serve as a model to study the evolution of cooperation, where costs and benefits of helping are typically scrutinized at the level of group membership. However, cooperation is often observed in multi-level social organizations involving interactions among individuals at various levels. Here, we argue that a full understanding of the adaptive value of cooperation and the evolution of complex social organization requires identifying the effect of different levels of social organization on direct and indirect fitness components. Our long-term field data show that in the cooperatively breeding, colonial cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher , both large group size and high colony density significantly raised group persistence. Neither group size nor density affected survival at the individual level, but they had interactive effects on reproductive output; large group size raised productivity when local population density was low, whereas in contrast, small groups were more productive at high densities. Fitness estimates of individually marked fish revealed indirect fitness benefits associated with staying in large groups. Inclusive fitness, however, was not significantly affected by group size, because the direct fitness component was not increased in larger groups. Together, our findings highlight that the reproductive output of groups may be affected in opposite directions by different levels of sociality, and that complex forms of sociality and costly cooperation may evolve in the absence of large indirect fitness benefits and the influence of kin selection.

Group Heterogeneity Increases the Risks of Large Group Size

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon N. Cummings ◽  
Sara Kiesler ◽  
Reza Bosagh Zadeh ◽  
Aruna D. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Group Heterogeneity

Patterns of association among female Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in a population forming large groups

Behaviour ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1013-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Nishita ◽  
Miki Shirakihara ◽  
Masao Amano
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Association Measure ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Tursiops Aduncus ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Large Groups

Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) around Amakusa-Shimoshima, Japan form large groups of >100 individuals, a remarkable feature of this population, which is much larger than previously studied bottlenose dolphins. Using photo-identification data collected on 33 days in 2012, associations among 70 females were investigated using two scales of association measure (photograph- and group-based association) to know whether they associate based on their reproductive status, as is typically observed in other populations with smaller group size. Significant differences in associations between females of the same reproductive status category and those in different categories were detected, and a female that lost her calf within a year decreased associations with females with calves of the same age. These suggests that even in a population with large group size, the reproductive status of females is one of the factors influencing their associations.

scholarly journals The Use of Environmental Enrichments Affects Performance and Behavior of Growing Rabbits Housed in Collective Pens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trocino ◽  
Zomeño ◽  
Filiou ◽  
Birolo ◽  
White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
And Behavior

This study assessed the effects of an elevated plastic-slatted platform and/or a plastic hiding tube in collective pens with large group sizes (27 or 36 rabbits/pen; 16 rabbits/m2) on the performance and welfare of rabbits kept from weaning (at 33 days of age) to slaughter (at 68 or 75 days of age). Growth performance, injuries, and behavior (video recorded for 24 h) of rabbits (n = 504) were recorded. The platform allowed rabbits to adopt the rearing position more frequently (+0.14 events during 2 min every 30 min across 24 h) and to rest with stretched body for longer (+3.8% of observed time) (p ≤ 0.001). Production parameters and reactivity at the open field test were not modified, but the occurrence of injured rabbits at the trial end was higher in pens with platforms (+8.9%; p ≤ 0.01). This result was possibly related to the higher group size in pens with platforms (36 rabbits) compared to those without platforms (27 rabbits). The inclusion of the tube decreased growth (−2.2 g/d; p ≤ 0.05), whereas it was scarcely used by rabbits and it did not substantially change their behavior or the occurrence of injuries. In conclusion, under the experimental conditions of this study, elevated platforms worked as a useful structural enrichment in view of animal behavior but negatively impacted on the rate of injuries, whereas the usefulness of the tube was not confirmed.

The Influence of Group Size On Predator Scanning and Foraging Behaviour of Wedgecapped Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Olivaceus)

Behaviour ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 98 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 240-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan R. De Ruiter
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Cebus Olivaceus ◽  
Travel Distances

AbstractThe behaviour of two groups of wedgecapped capuchin monkeys, Cebus olivaceus, a small one (n = 8) and a large one (n = 25) was recorded. Time budgets and other aspects of behaviour depended on group size. The differences can be explained as: adjustment to predation risk and intra-group food competition. In order to evade predation, members of the small groups scan more and stay at greater heights than those of the large group. Higher food competition within the large group was reflected in the composition of its diet, in longer travel distances, and higher levels of social behaviour. In particular during the dry season, the large group exploited unattractive and risky food sources. These results support ALEXANDER'S hypothesis on the causes of group formation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document