Activity-Time Budgets of Sea Otters in California

1986 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Estes ◽  
Karen E. Underwood ◽  
Margit J. Karmann
Keyword(s):  
Time Budgets ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Sea Otters

scholarly journals Lameness, Activity Time-Budgets, and Estrus Expression in Dairy Cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 4552-4559 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Walker ◽  
R.F. Smith ◽  
J.E. Routly ◽  
D.N. Jones ◽  
M.J. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Activity Time

scholarly journals Activity time budget patterns of sheep and goats co-grazing on semi-natural species-rich dry grassland

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pokorná ◽  
P. Hejcmanová ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
V. Pavlů
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Dry Grassland ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Grassland Community ◽  
Perennial Plant

Activity time budget patterns and grazing response to sward and environmental conditions were investigated for paddocks of sheep and goats co-grazing for conservation purposes on a semi-natural species-rich dry grassland community endangered by shrub and tall perennial plant encroachment in a protected nature reserve in South Moravia (Czech Republic). Grazing was conducted by a rotational stocking system for 14 weeks in late grazing season in 2008 with 60 dry ewes and 20 goats. Twelve ewes and four goats were observed; grazing, ruminating, idling and other activities (salt licking, social interactions, walking), along with topographical position in the paddock were recorded at 5-minute intervals within 14 hours of daylight. Sheep and goats did not differ in their principal activity time budgets, such as the average total daylight time spent grazing (sheep: 8.57 h, goats: 8.59 h), ruminating (sheep: 1.42 h, goats: 1.44 h), or idling (sheep: 3.23 h, goats: 3.18 h), the duration of bouts of each activity, or the number of bouts of grazing and ruminating. There was no pattern in activity time budgets indicating dynamics in progressing season, nor was there a response to daily average temperature or to paddock size. Sheep and goats showed similar responses to groundcover of particular plant functional types. The animals showed a positive trend in response of total daylight grazing time to grass available biomass and a negative response of total daylight grazing time to herbaceous biomass for both sheep and goats. The total daylight grazing time was independent of availability of woody plants. Goats devoted more time (1.51 h) to other activities than sheep (1.34 h), especially to social interactions and salt licking. On the other hand, sheep spent proportionally more time walking. Both sheep and goats showed similar patterns in spatial use of paddocks on hill slopes, spending the most time in the middle part and the least time in the lower part of paddocks. 

scholarly journals Understanding the Behavior of Domestic Emus: A Means to Improve Their Management and Welfare—Major Behaviors and Activity Time Budgets of Adult Emus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa G. Menon ◽  
Darin C. Bennett ◽  
Kimberly M. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Activity Time

Information on domestic emu behavior is sparse and hence a study was undertaken to identify and describe the behavior of domestic emus in a farm setting. The behavioral repertoires, activity time budgets, effect of time of the day, sex, weather, and relative humidity on activities of adult emus were investigated. Eight randomly selected emus were observed using one-zero sampling method for 12 days, each period of observation lasting 30 minutes. The major behavioral categories identified were ingestive drinking, standing, locomotion, grooming, socialization, vocalization, and resting. The emus spent most of their time walking, standing, and eating. Immediately after moving to a new pen, emus were found to huddle together to keep away from emus already resident in the pen. The time spent on each activity was not significantly different between the sexes. The findings from this study provided important information on the behavior and activities of emus. The observed behaviors need to be further examined to assess their relations to the birds’ welfare.

scholarly journals Diurnal and Nocturnal Activity Time Budgets of Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in a Zoological Park

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Lukacs ◽  
Melanie Poulin ◽  
Hayley Besenthal ◽  
Otto Fad ◽  
Stephen Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Zoological Park

Exploratory Analysis of the Activity Time-Use Frontier and Its Effect on Episodic Well-Being: Data from the Disability and Use of Time Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 2669 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinath K. Ravulaparthy ◽  
Karthik C. Konduri ◽  
Konstadinos G. Goulias
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Technical Inefficiency ◽  
Activity Engagement ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Use Of Time

The role of time (as a constrained resource) in terms of budgets and expenditures is of great importance in travel behavior analysis within the context of daily activity engagement choices, emotional well-being, and quality of life. This research investigated the behavioral links between activity time budgets and episodic well-being measures in a two-stage process, using data from the 2009 Disability and Use of Time Survey. First, with the use of the episodic-level data, time budgets were formulated with the use of a stochastic frontier modeling approach. The technical inefficiency measure that represented the degree to which an individual expended his or her time (or an upper bound of the time budget) in activity engagement was also derived. Second, with the use of this measure of technical inefficiency, the effects on reported individuals’ episodic well-being measures were further investigated. The indicators of well-being—happiness, calmness, frustration, sadness, worry, tiredness, and pain—were analyzed with a multivariate ordered probit modeling framework. The models were estimated by controlling for a broad array of covariates related to sociodemographics, activity, and travel characteristics, along with the social contexts of companionship and altruism and global well-being indicators. Empirical results suggested that individuals experienced varying levels of positive and negative emotions from their daily activity time-use patterns, in both efficient and inefficient episodes. Productive episodes (e.g., working and volunteering) with higher time budgets (or inefficiencies) increased the likelihood of individuals experiencing higher levels of negative emotions. The model findings also revealed that high-income households and individuals younger than 65 years old with inefficient time-use patterns exhibited lower levels of happiness and calmness.

scholarly journals Fluctuation of daily activity time budgets of Japanese black bears: relationship to sex, reproductive status, and hard-mast availability

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinatsu Kozakai ◽  
Koji Yamazaki ◽  
Yui Nemoto ◽  
Ami Nakajima ◽  
Yoshihiro Umemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Activity Time

Time Budgets and Activity Patterns in California Sea Otters

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Donald B. Siniff
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Sea Otters

Activity time budgets of ecologically relaxed groups of geladas (Theropithecus gelada) and mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx): what happens when time is no longer a constraint?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Leticia Ortega-Ballesteros ◽  
Nerea Amezcua-Valmala ◽  
Sheila Mera-Cordero ◽  
María V. Hernández-Lloreda ◽  
Fernando Colmenares
Keyword(s):  
Time Budgets ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Theropithecus Gelada ◽  
Mandrillus Sphinx
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