scholarly journals Podiebrad: Bohemia Past and Present

1873 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 54-76
Author(s):  
De Vericour
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Ben Jonson ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Winter's Tale ◽  
Vernacular Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University

The word Bohemia, it is well known, is a conventional appellation devoid of truth; a name derived from the Boij, a Gallic tribe which settled in that country, 587 B.C. In the seventh century, the Czechs, a Slavonian people, conquered it, and that branch of the great Slavonian race has ever possessed a distinct and original life, as well as a vernacular culture, that has not met with the attention it deserves at the hands of historical students. The Germans of the hereditary house of Habsburg, proclaim that the Czechs owe everything to them— arts, science, civilisation; they have often done so in a somewhat insulting language, despite several glorious epochs in the history of Bohemia, namely, the reign of Ottokar, the competitor of Rodolf of Habsburg to the imperial crown, in 1272; the greatness of the University of Prag, in the fourteenth century, and the glorious episode of George of Podiebrad. As to the Bohemian kingdom of Ottokar, by its importance and extent, it alone deserves a special history. It comprised, besides Bohemia proper, great part of modern Prussia, Carinthia, Croatia, Illyria; it extended from the Baltic to the Adriatic sea, with the harbour of Nao on the latter, thus justifying, as it were, Shakespeare, in whose “ Winter's Tale ” a Sicilian fleet sails into Bohemia, a statement that was eagerly ridiculed by Ben Jonson and others.

scholarly journals Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot project

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Anna Stafecka
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Basis ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot projectDialectologists from Latvian Language Institute of the University of Latvia and the Department of Language History and Dialectology of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language, have developed a proposal for a joint project entitled, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, which is intended to demonstrate the close kinship of these two Baltic languages. A pilot project, supported by a grant from the University of Latvia and Directorate for the Millenium of Lithuania has been carried out between 2006 and 2008 to determine what the form and eventual content of such an atlas might be.In 2009 a summary of work carried out on the pilot project on Atlas of the Baltic Languages, Prospect has been published which includes 12 geolinguistic maps, with commentary in Latvian, Lithuanian and English. The publication also contains in the introduction homage paid to the living and extinct Baltic languages, as well as an overview of the history of the study of dialects in both countries and the characteristics and regional distribution of the dialects of Latvian and Lithuanian. The publication also describes the principles followed in creating these geolinguistic maps and associated commentary.This article describes recent progress made in research on the regional distribution of dialects of both Baltic languages. For more than a century research on the dialects of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages has taken place in parallel, separately gathering data on the various dialects of each respective language. It is, therefore, necessary first to examine, briefly, the histories of the respective geolinguistic research endeavours.The first records of differences between the territorial extents and diversity of Latvian and Lithuanian are to be found in surviving grammars and dictionaries of these languages compiled in the 17th century.The first map showing the geographical reach of the Lithuanian language is to be found in the grammar compiled in 1876 by Friedrich Kurschat. The first geolinguistic map of the Latvian language was published in 1892 by August Bielenstein.The systematic efforts at gathering Latvian and Lithuanian non-material cultural assets date from the second half of the 19th century. A new chapter in the study of Lithuanian and Latvian dialects began in the 1950s after a decision was taken to produce atlases of the two languages. At the end of the 20th century the atlases of the Lithuanian and Latvian language were published. This was the main basis for joint project – The Atlas of the Baltic LanguagesThe maps created in the framework of the pilot project, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, show the principal grouping of most terms used by the speakers of these two living Baltic languages. An in-depth geolinguistic study of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages could produce important findings in the field of the history of the Baltic peoples.  Атлас балтийских языков: проект разработкиВ 2009 году был издан сигнальный проект Baltu valodu atlants (Атлас балтийских языков), в котором кроме 12 геолингвистических карт с комментариями на латышском, литовском и аглийском языках, дана обширная вступительная часть, посвященная живым и мертвым балтийским языкам, краткая история диалектологических исследований обеих стран, характеристика и распространение диалектов латышского и литовского языков, а также принцип составления карт и комментариев. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли предыдущие геолингвистические исследования и собранные по вопроснику диалектные материалы обоих балтийских языков.В течение более столетия исследования диалектов литовского и латышского языков развивались параллельно. Языковые в диалектные данные были собраны и обработаны в отдельности для каждого языка. Необходимо затем проследить историю геолингвистических исследований диалектов обоих языков.Первые сведения о территориальных различиях латышского и литовского языков были отнесены уже в грамматиках и словарях XVII века.Первую карту распространения литовского языка предложил Фридрих Куршат (Friedrich Kurschat) в изданной в 1876 году грамматике литовского языка.В 1892 году была издана первая геолингвистическиая карта латышского языка, ее автором был священник немецкой национальности Август Биленштайн (August Bielenstein).Во второй половине XIX века в Европе собирались этнографические материалы и исследовались местные языковые особенности. В это же время появляются первые программы собирания латышской и литовской нематериальной культуры. Новый период в исследовании латышских и литовских диалектов начался в 50-ые годы XX века, когда было решено издать атласы литовского и латышского языков. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли изданные в конце XX века диалектологические атласы литовского и латышского языков, составленные в нем карты показывают их общие лексические ареалы.

V.—The Recent Geological History of the Baltic. Part I: the Litorina Sea

1905 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 311-320
Author(s):  
Sir H. H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Geological History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University ◽  
Litorina Sea ◽  
Geological Magazine

The recent history of the Baltic involves problems of great interest and importance, and promises to afford considerable help in solving the mysteries of the later geological changes in Western Europe. It is therefore worth a closer study than has been extended to it in this country. Perhaps I may be permitted to condense in the Geological Magazine what has been written about it in late years by the Scandinavian geologists, and to add some inferences of my own. I am especially indebted to De Geers and Munthe, the latter of whom has written quite an ideal monograph on one section of the story in the Bulletin of the Geological Institution of the University of Upsala, vol. ii.

scholarly journals Gravity measurements in East Africa

1936 ◽  
Vol 235 (757) ◽  
pp. 445-531 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
Leave Of Absence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The elucidation of the structure and past history of the continent of Africa is beset with peculiar difficulties. A great part of it forms a plateau which has been above the sea since pre-Cambrian times ; thus the long series of stratified fossiliferous deposits left elsewhere in the course of geological time by the advance and retreat of the sea is absent. Instead, a great expanse of unfossiliferous gneisses and schists is exposed, overlain and intruded by a complex series of volcanic rocks, and split by a system of faults running from Lebanon to the Zambesi. It is thus not surprising that geological opinion is divided on many points, and especially on the origin and history of the Rift Valleys. A gravity survey of Eastern Equatorial Africa may therefore be expected to give information of great interest, for from the results we may obtain evidence as to the distribution of density in the outer layers of the earth, and from this we may hope to distinguish between the various hypotheses which have been put forward. Funds for the purpose of such a survey were generously provided by the Royal Society Government Grant Committee, the University of Cambridge, the Royal Geographical Society, and the Leverhulme Trustees ; and by the support of these bodies I was given the opportunity to carry out the work. For this support I am most grateful. I am also indebted to the University of Cambridge for two terms’ leave of absence, and I have had throughout the advantage of the support, encouragement, and assistance of Sir Gerald Lenox- Conyngham, F.R.S. Throughout the journey I was accompanied by my wife, whose assistance was invaluable.

scholarly journals CSES – Yet Another Online Judge

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Antti LAAKSONEN ◽  
Topi TALVITIE
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Algorithmic Problem ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University ◽  
Programming Courses ◽  
Future Plans

This paper describes the current state and future plans of the Code Submission Evaluation System (CSES) online judge project. Since 2013, CSES has been used to organize several online programming courses and contests in Finland, including algorithm courses at the University of Helsinki, the yearly Finnish Olympiad in Informatics (Datatähti), and the Baltic Olympiad in Informatics 2016. CSES is also known for the CSES Problem Set project whose purpose is to create a high quality problem collection for learning algorithmic problem solving, and also to document the history of programming problems.

Book Production in Paris

2020 ◽  
pp. 812-822
Author(s):  
Richard H. Rouse ◽  
Mary A. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Book Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

This chapter surveys the history of book production in Paris, the most important source for manuscript books in northern Europe from the mid-twelfth century until the end of the fifteenth. The authors discuss book production in the eighth and ninth centuries centered in the Benedictine monasteries of Saint-Denis and Saint-Germain, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries at the Augustinian abbeys of Saint-Victor and Sainte-Geneviève, the commercial production for the University in the same period, as well as the production of glossed Bibles, and single-volume Paris Bibles. Also covered are the booksellers (libraires) and the pecia system, as well as the increase in the copying of vernacular books in the fourteenth century.

scholarly journals Gleb Anrep, 1891-1955

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Experimental Medicine ◽  
Women Doctors ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University

Gleb (Vassilievitch von) Anrep was descended from a famous Westphalian family with a proud history of high military distinction which can be traced back to the tenth century. Field Marshal von Anrep was leader of the Livonian Order of Knights who built an outpost of Christianity on the shores of the Baltic. General von Anrep came to St Petersburg at the invitation of Peter the Great and founded the Russian branch of the family in the eighteenth century. Professor Vassili (Basil) von Anrep (1854-1925) was the first member of this family to prefer science to arms. He was born in St Petersburg and studied law in the university there for a year, but he soon tired of academic legal arguments and entered the Medical Academy where he was a brilliant student. He spent two years studying pharmacology in Leipzig, where he described the local anaesthetic action of cocaine and recommended its use in medicine four years before its introduction by Roller. He returned to Russia to be professor of pharmacology, first in Kharkov and then in the Medical Academy in St Petersburg. At the invitation of Prince Oldenburgski he founded the Institute of Experimental Medicine and directed it for several years. At the command of the Emperor he then founded a medical institute for women doctors, which was needed because Moslem women refused to be treated by men. His public duties interfered with his researches and eventually he devoted himself entirely to the reform of education. He held high administrative posts in connexion not only with medicine but also with education in general, and nearly succeeded in introducing compulsory education for all Russians. In the first world war he was at the head of the Russian Red Cross. At the outbreak of the revolution he was thrown into prison, but was released after six months and since the family had come from the Baltic he managed to obtain a Latvian passport. He arrived in London in 1919, stayed with his younger son Gleb for a few years and then left for Paris, where he died in 1925.

Physician to The Bruce: Maino De Maineri in Scotland

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Medical Culture ◽  
High Quality ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

This article pieces together evidence from fourteenth-century Scottish royal records to identify one of the physicians to King Robert I as the Milanese Maino de Maineri (ca 1295–1368), regent master of the University of Paris and later court physician and astrologer to the Visconti rulers of Milan. The implications for the history of medicine in medieval Scotland are significant, suggesting that, at least at court level, Scots demanded and could afford and attract a high quality of medical treatment. Also emphasised are the strong links that existed between Scotland, Ireland and continental Europe, through the travels of physicians and the transmission of medical literature. Three fifteenth-century manuscripts of one of Maino's works are used as an example of just this type of transmission. The article urges a reevaluation of medical culture in medieval Scotland.

scholarly journals Andreas Fülberth, „Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stadt”. Ciekawy przewodnik nie tylko po Rydze, ale także po historii Łotwy

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kamil Otocki
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Short History ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Time ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Town

Andreas Fülberth, "Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stad"At the beginning of 2014, the book „Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stadt” (Riga. A short history of the town) was issued. The author is Andreas Fülberth, a young historian from Germany, who is a lecturer of the history of Eastern Europe in the University of Kiel. He has already published several works about the Baltic states (in German: “Baltikum”), the most important of them being „Tallinn – Riga – Kaunas. Ihr Ausbau zu modernen Hauptstädten 1920-1940". Köln u. a. 2005 (Das Baltikum in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Bd. 2), which is dedicated to the plans of architectural rebuilding of the Baltic capitals (Kaunas – Riga – Tallinn) during the time of the first independence (1918-1940).The history of Riga by Andreas Fülberth begins – very traditionally – with the establishing of the town by Bishop Albert of Riga in 1201. Actually we can learn not only about the history of the town. The book by Andreas Fülberth provides a quite long trip through the history of Livonia (now a part of Latvia).For Polish readers very important and interesting piece of  Riga’s history could be so called “Polish times” (to be more precise: “Polish-Lithuanian”) in Livonia – which used to be seen quite critical by Latvian historians before the war. We can learn also about Ignacy Mościcki  who studied in Riga, the treaty of Riga from March 1921,  as well  as the Polish academic fraternities in Livonia (Arcadia and Welecja).Maybe the most important part of the book begins in 1918 – when Latvia gained independence for the first time in her history. We can learn not only about Kārlis Ulmanis and the Soviet-Latvian government of Pēteris Stučka, but also about  the activities of Andrievs Niedra, a pro-German prime minister of Latvia. Andreas Fülberth, as a passionate lover  of  architecture, provides an interesting piece of information about the architectural rebuilding of Riga during the time of Ulmanis – we can learn the history of the Freedom Monument (1935), old town, which gained a new shape during the thirties. The  Latvinization of the town during the first independence and Sovietization during the occupation (1940-1990) is also an  interesting  fact.The book can be recommended for all readers  who do not have  broad knowledge of the history of Latvia, but it is still a very interesting journey also for those interested in the Baltic states who want to learn about some curiosities from the history of the town. Do you know why the Freedom Monument was not destroyed during the Soviet time? Do you know the history of Riga’s tube that has been never built? Do you know the mathematician Ilja Rips? If not, you should read the book of Andreas Fülberth. Andreas Fülberth, „Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stadt”. Ciekawy przewodnik nie tylko po Rydze, ale także po historii ŁotwyNa początku 2014 roku do rąk czytelnika niemieckiego trafiła książka autorstwa Andreasa Fülbertha „Riga. Kleine Geschichte der Stadt”. Jest to już kolejna niemiecka publikacja o stolicy Łotwy, jednak warto podkreślić, że ostatnią znaczącą pracę ujmującą historię Rygi całościowo wydano w 1897 roku, jeszcze wtedy kiedy Inflanty stanowiły obszar niemieckiego osadnictwa. Niemcy, podobnie jak Polacy, mają problem z holistycznymi opracowaniami na temat Łotwy. Przynależność kraju do Związku Sowieckiego po 1940 roku również i Niemcom utrudniała badania historyczne, w związku z czym byli oni skazani – podobnie jak Polacy na Manteuffla – na opracowania pochodzące jeszcze z przełomu XIX i XX wieku. Książka Andreasa Fülbertha ukazała się w prestiżowym wydawnictwie Böhlau Verlag, które od lat interesuje się historią miast europejskich mających w historii związki z niemczyzną. Od strony warsztatu historycznego autorowi nie można niczego zarzucić. Jest świetnym znawcą historii nie tylko Rygi, ale także regionu, który Niemcy określają jako Baltikum. Napisana językiem naukowym (choć przystępnym dla czytelnika) praca może być uzupełnieniem do polskiej wiedzy na temat miasta Rygi, a dla niektórych – z tej racji, że ani Łotwa ani Ryga nie doczekały się w języku polskim swojej całościowej historii – pracą „pierwszego kontaktu”.

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