The Historic Role of the Forest Community in Sustaining the Black Hills National Forest as a Complex Common Property Multiple Use Resource

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha E. Geores
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Multiple Use

scholarly journals Subcortical circuits mediate communication between primary sensory cortical areas in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lohse ◽  
Johannes C. Dahmen ◽  
Victoria M. Bajo ◽  
Andrew J. King
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Evoked Activity

AbstractIntegration of information across the senses is critical for perception and is a common property of neurons in the cerebral cortex, where it is thought to arise primarily from corticocortical connections. Much less is known about the role of subcortical circuits in shaping the multisensory properties of cortical neurons. We show that stimulation of the whiskers causes widespread suppression of sound-evoked activity in mouse primary auditory cortex (A1). This suppression depends on the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and is implemented through a descending circuit that links S1, via the auditory midbrain, with thalamic neurons that project to A1. Furthermore, a direct pathway from S1 has a facilitatory effect on auditory responses in higher-order thalamic nuclei that project to other brain areas. Crossmodal corticofugal projections to the auditory midbrain and thalamus therefore play a pivotal role in integrating multisensory signals and in enabling communication between different sensory cortical areas.

The role of deforestation risk and calibrated compensation in designing payments for environmental services

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER ALIX-GARCIA ◽  
ALAIN DE JANVRY ◽  
ELISABETH SADOULET
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Budget Constraint ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Payment Scheme ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Poor Communities

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the gain in efficiency from including deforestation risk as a targeting criterion in payments for environmental services (PES) programs. We contrast two payment schemes that we simulate using data from Mexican common property forests: a flat payment scheme with a cap on allowable hectares per enrollee, similar to the program implemented in many countries, and a payment that takes deforestation risk and heterogeneity in land productivity into account. We simulate the latter strategy both with and without a budget constraint. Using observed past deforestation, we find that while risk-targeted payments are far more efficient, capped flat payments are more egalitarian. We also consider the characteristics of communities receiving payments from both programs. We find that the risk-weighted scheme results in more payments to poor communities, and that these payments are more efficient than those made to non-poor ejidos. Finally, we show that the risk of deforestation can be predicted quite precisely with indicators that are easily observable and that cannot be manipulated by the community.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF FOREST BY WOLASI SUB-DISRICT COMMUNITY, SOUTH SULAWESI

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hasanah ◽  
H Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Forest Dependency ◽  
Trade Offs

This study aims to determine the utilization of forests conducted by communities in forest area of Wolasi sub-district. This research was conducted in Wolasi forest sub-district of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The research methods used were survey and interview with 86 and 87 respondents with purposive sampling by plotting two different villages characteristics to represent forest utilization form in different area (villages in lowland landforms) and Aoma village (village has the shape of hilly terrain). The result of this study examining the forests utilization of inhabitants in  Wolasi sub-district, which is represented by two topographic characteristics. Reseacher selected two similar conditions that engage the forest as a source of daily needs and workface that is considered as a resource, producing timber and non-timber products. Ranowila inhabitants occupations are dominated with farmers, while in Leleka village, despite being farmers, some inhabitants are craftsmen of non-timber forest products such as bamboo and rattan as well as furniture entrepreneur. This fact is influenced by residential areas that close to the forest and can be observed through the neighbourhood area which is close to the temporary forest area in Leleka Village. Temporary forest is located in an area which always extends land, since the topography circumstance encourages numerous people prefer to live closely towards their managed land. The forest is beneficial  both in the term of land utilization or  forest products,due to the distance there is limited knowledge,as well as limited work, it enhances low expenditure obtained. Keywords: Utilization, Forest, Community in District Wolasi References Adhikari, B., Di Falco, S., & Lovett, J. C. (2004). Household characteristics and forest dependency: evidence from common property forest management in Nepal. Ecological economics, 48(2), 245-257. Nurbaya & Efransjah (2018). The State of Indonesia’s Forests 2018. Jakarta: Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia. Aryadi, M. (2012). Hutan rakyat: fenomenologi adaptasi budaya masyarakat. UPT Penerbitan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Banowati, E., & Sriyanto.(2013). Geografi Pertanian. Yogyakarta:Ombak. Cannon, C. H., Summers, M., Harting, J. R., & Kessler, P. J. (2007). Developing conservation priorities based on forest type, condition, and threats in a poorly known ecoregion: Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biotropica, 39(6), 747-759. Dudley, N., Schlaepfer, R., Jackson, W., Jeanrenaud, J. P., & Stolton, S. (2012). Forest quality: assessing forests at a landscape scale. Routledge. Gibson, L., Lee, T. M., Koh, L. P., Brook, B. W., Gardner, T. A., Barlow, J., ... & Sodhi, N. S. (2011). Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity. Nature, 478(7369), 378. Parrotta, J.A.(2015). The Historical, Environmental and Socio-economic Context of Forests and Tree-based Systems for Food Security and Nutrition. 1(3), 72-136. Pongtuluran, Y. (2015). Manajemen sumber daya alam dan lingkungan. Penerbit Andi. Silaen, A.P. (2008).Preservation of Forest and Environmental Functions Environmental Law Perspectives. 16 (3), 218-594. Suradi, S. (2012). Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Kesejahteraan Sosial. Sosio Informa, 17(3).  Wagner, S., Nocentini, S., Huth, F., & Hoogstra-Klein, M. (2014). Forest management approaches for coping with the uncertainty of climate change: trade-offs in service provisioning and adaptability. Ecology and Society, 19(1).   Wirakusumah, S. (2003). Mendambakan Kelestarian Sumber Daya Hutan Bagi Sebesar-Besarnya Kemakmuran Rakyat. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta. Cetakan Pertama.   Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

scholarly journals Role of Institutions and Organizations for the Sustainable Management of Forest and Pasture as Common Property Resources in Nepal: An Overview of the Indigenous and Traditional Practices

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 31-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laya Prasad Uprety
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Common Property Resources

This is an overview paper based on the contemporary literature available in the regime of forest and pasture as common property resources. The analysis has underscored the role of local institutions and organizations for the sustainable management of forest and pasture as common property resources. The paper concludes that farmers of Nepal have developed and used the organizational and institutional mechanisms for the sustained management of these resources by ensuring social equity. Understanding the ingredients of indigenous resource management systems can have a bearing on developing appropriate national policies aiming at ensuring the sustainability of the future programs of Nepal.Key Words: Institution, organization, indigenous, traditional, common property, sustainable, social equity, participation, etc.DOI = 10.3126/dsaj.v2i0.1357Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.2 pp.31-64

scholarly journals Classificação na Educação Infantil: discutindo propostas, concepções e práticas Rank in Early Childhood Education: discussing proposals, concepts and practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edneri Pereira Cruz ◽  
Ana Coelho Vieira Selva
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Mathematics Classroom ◽  
Classroom Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Role Of Teachers

O estudo investiga como a Classificação vem sendo tratada na Educação Infantil. Em particular, as atividades propostas em livros didáticos e a atuação de docentes em sala de aula. Esta pesquisa contemplou: análise de livros didáticos de Matemática, observação de sala de aula e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professoras desta etapa de ensino. De modo geral, tanto nos livros didáticos quanto nas propostas em sala de aula, as atividades apresentam-se como contexto fecundo para se explorar aspectos numéricos, geométricos e lógicos, com a predominância de atividades que previam o agrupamento de objetos que possuíam uma propriedade comum ou mesmo atributo. Na preocupação em tornar o conhecimento acessível e com significado para a criança, se perdeu em algumas atividades a clareza conceitual.The study investigates how the Classification has been treated in kindergarten. In particular, the activities proposed in textbooks and the role of teachers in the classroom. This research included: analysis of textbooks of Mathematics, classroom observation and carrying out semi-structured interviews with teachers of this educational stage. In general, both in textbooks as the proposals in the classroom, the activities are presented as fruitful context for exploring numerical, geometric and logical aspects, with the predominance of activities that provide for grouping of objects that had a common property or even attribute. The aim of making it accessible and meaningful to the child's knowledge, was lost in some activities the conceptual clarity.  

scholarly journals The role of European National Forest Inventories for international forestry reporting

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Vidal ◽  
Iciar Alberdi ◽  
John Redmond ◽  
Martin Vestman ◽  
Adrian Lanz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Forest ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
National Forest Inventories ◽  
International Forestry

scholarly journals The Status of Prunus padus L. (Bird Cherry) in Forest Communities throughout Europe and Asia

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf D. J. Nestby
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
National Level ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Prunus Padus ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Wood Carving ◽  
Level Monitoring

Prunus padus L. (bird cherry) belongs to the Racemosa group in subgenus Padus in the genus Prunus L. It is a hardy invasive species, which makes it valuable for securing slopes, and for eco-design. It is a good solitary park tree with early flowering of white flowers in racemes, which have a pleasant smell. However, it may be attacked by cherry-oat aphid, and the small ermine moth, which may weave giant webs over the whole tree, which demonstrates the important role of P. padus in the food web of forest ecosystems. The species is in balance with these pests, other herbivores and diseases throughout Europe and Asia. Another threat is the competition against the invasive P. serotina, but it seems that P. padus is not strongly threatened, though they compete for the same habitats. Moreover, human interference of forest community ecology is probably the greatest threat. The tree is not only winter hardy; it can also survive hot summers and tolerate a wide variety of soil types. It may form dense thickets due to the regeneration of branches bent to the ground and basal shoots, and may be invasive. These characteristics are important in determining the ecological niche of P. padus, which involves the position of the species within an ecosystem, comprising both its habitat requirements and the functional role. It is also important that P. padus has effective dispersal of pollen and seeds. This, together with the previously noted characteristics and the fact that the tree can cope well with climate change, define it as a not threatened species. However, the ssp. borealis is threatened and national level monitoring is required. Prunus padus has been exploited by farmers and rural population, but is less used today. However, it is still used for making syrup, jam and liquor. Moreover, the wood is valuable for wood carving and making cabinets. All tissues are valuable as sources of powerful natural antioxidants. However, the interest in the P. padus fruit and other tissues is overshadowed by the interest in other wild species of edible and human health-related berries. Moreover, the tree is used in horticulture as an ornamental in gardens and parks, values that deserve a new focus.

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