scholarly journals Cockles in custody: the role of common property arrangements in the ecological sustainability of mangrove Fisheries on the Ecuadorian Coast

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Beitl
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Ecological Sustainability

scholarly journals Subcortical circuits mediate communication between primary sensory cortical areas in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lohse ◽  
Johannes C. Dahmen ◽  
Victoria M. Bajo ◽  
Andrew J. King
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Auditory Midbrain ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Evoked Activity

AbstractIntegration of information across the senses is critical for perception and is a common property of neurons in the cerebral cortex, where it is thought to arise primarily from corticocortical connections. Much less is known about the role of subcortical circuits in shaping the multisensory properties of cortical neurons. We show that stimulation of the whiskers causes widespread suppression of sound-evoked activity in mouse primary auditory cortex (A1). This suppression depends on the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and is implemented through a descending circuit that links S1, via the auditory midbrain, with thalamic neurons that project to A1. Furthermore, a direct pathway from S1 has a facilitatory effect on auditory responses in higher-order thalamic nuclei that project to other brain areas. Crossmodal corticofugal projections to the auditory midbrain and thalamus therefore play a pivotal role in integrating multisensory signals and in enabling communication between different sensory cortical areas.

The role of deforestation risk and calibrated compensation in designing payments for environmental services

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER ALIX-GARCIA ◽  
ALAIN DE JANVRY ◽  
ELISABETH SADOULET
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Budget Constraint ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Payment Scheme ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Poor Communities

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the gain in efficiency from including deforestation risk as a targeting criterion in payments for environmental services (PES) programs. We contrast two payment schemes that we simulate using data from Mexican common property forests: a flat payment scheme with a cap on allowable hectares per enrollee, similar to the program implemented in many countries, and a payment that takes deforestation risk and heterogeneity in land productivity into account. We simulate the latter strategy both with and without a budget constraint. Using observed past deforestation, we find that while risk-targeted payments are far more efficient, capped flat payments are more egalitarian. We also consider the characteristics of communities receiving payments from both programs. We find that the risk-weighted scheme results in more payments to poor communities, and that these payments are more efficient than those made to non-poor ejidos. Finally, we show that the risk of deforestation can be predicted quite precisely with indicators that are easily observable and that cannot be manipulated by the community.

scholarly journals Educação Ambiental e sustentabilidade social e ecológica dos lugares turísticos e de lazer

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange Fernandes Soares Coutinho ◽  
Erica de Souza Silva ◽  
Patrícia Alves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Cultural Patrimony ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Municipal District

Considerando que a Educação Ambiental pode contribuir positivamente para a solução, minimização e prevenção de problemas ambientais, entre eles aqueles derivados do planejamento inadequado e da gestão equivocada de atividades de Turismo e de Lazer, este estudo, que faz parte de uma pesquisa da Coordenação de Estudos Ambientais da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco – “Dinâmicas Ecológicas e Sociais em Ambientes Costeiros do Nordeste Brasileiro: interações e intervenções” – objetiva discutir e provocar reflexões sobre complementaridades e conflitos entre turismo, lazer e meio ambiente, ressaltando o papel da Educação Ambiental para o alcance da sustentabilidade social, ecológica e econômica, através de análises qualitativas das atividades em questão. Baseou-se em um estudo de caso – o Município Ilha de Itamaracá, pertencente à Região Metropolitana do Recife, Estado de Pernambuco – centrando-se na revisão bibliográfica, observações de campo, levantamento, coleta e tratamento de dados secundários e primários, estes últimos obtidos através da aplicação de questionários semiabertos e histórias de vida. Metodologicamente, a análise de conteúdo permitiu a interpretação das respostas abertas. Os resultados alcançados demonstraram que no município estudado as atividades de Turismo e de Lazer são desenvolvidas de forma intensa, mesmo nos períodos de declínio, ocasionando modificações significativas nos ambientes que lhes dão suporte devido à exploração massiva dos atrativos turísticos; ao fluxo desordenado de turistas, ocupantes de segundas residências, visitantes e excursionistas; à conduta inadequada em relação ao uso das praias e do patrimônio histórico-cultural; à ausência de planejamento e gestão pública e privada que integre uma Educação Ambiental abrangente e continuada às atividades de Turismo e de Lazer, garantindo-lhes sustentabilidade. Environmental education and social and ecological sustainability of tourist places and leisure ABSTRACT: Considering that the Environmental Education can contribute positively to the solution, minimization and prevention of environmental problems, among them those derived of the inadequate planning and of the mistaken administration of activities of Tourism and of Leisure, this study, that it is part of a research of the Coordination of Environmental Studies of Fundação Joaquim Nabuco – “Ecological and Social Dynamics in Coast Sites of the Northeast of Brazil: interactions and interventions" - aims to discuss and to provoke reflections on complementarities and conflicts among tourism, leisure and environment, emphasizing the role of the Environmental Education to the reach of social, ecological and economical sustainability, through qualitative analyses of the activities in question. It’s based on a case study - The Itamaracá Island Municipal District, belonging to the Metropolitan Area of Recife, State of Pernambuco - being centered in the bibliographical revision, field observations, rising, collects and treatment of secondary and primary data, these last ones obtained through the application of semi-opened questionnaires and life stories. Methodologically, the analysis of content allowed the interpretation of the opened-answers. The reached results demonstrated that in the Municipal District studied the activities of Tourism and Leisure they are developed in an intense way, even in the decline periods, causing significant modifications in the environment that give them support due to the intensive exploration of tourist attractions; to the tourists' disordered flow, occupants of second residences, visitors and excursionists; to the inadequate conduct in relation to the use of the beaches and of the historical-cultural patrimony; to the planning and management absence of public and private administration that integrates an including and continuous Environmental Education to the Tourism and Leisure activities, guaranteeing them sustainability. KEYWORDS: Environmental Education; Itamaracá Island Municipal District; Social and Ecological Sustainability; Tourism and Leisure.

scholarly journals Role of Institutions and Organizations for the Sustainable Management of Forest and Pasture as Common Property Resources in Nepal: An Overview of the Indigenous and Traditional Practices

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 31-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laya Prasad Uprety
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Common Property Resources

This is an overview paper based on the contemporary literature available in the regime of forest and pasture as common property resources. The analysis has underscored the role of local institutions and organizations for the sustainable management of forest and pasture as common property resources. The paper concludes that farmers of Nepal have developed and used the organizational and institutional mechanisms for the sustained management of these resources by ensuring social equity. Understanding the ingredients of indigenous resource management systems can have a bearing on developing appropriate national policies aiming at ensuring the sustainability of the future programs of Nepal.Key Words: Institution, organization, indigenous, traditional, common property, sustainable, social equity, participation, etc.DOI = 10.3126/dsaj.v2i0.1357Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.2 pp.31-64

The role of environmental management control systems for ecological sustainability and sustainable performance

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafique Ur Rehman ◽  
Anam Bhatti ◽  
Sascha Kraus ◽  
João J. M. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Construction Organizations ◽  
Environmental Strategies

PurposeThe purpose of this study determines how environmental management control system (MCS) packages influence ecological sustainability and sustainable performance through the mediating role of environmental strategies. Furthermore, this applies organizational capabilities as moderating variables between environmental strategies, ecological sustainability and sustainable performance in a sample of 373 construction firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply quantitative questionnaire data from construction firm representatives (from project, sales and construction managers and contract managers, executive directors and engineers) to structural equation modeling and SmartPLS for our analysis.FindingsThe results demonstrate that recourse to environmental MCS packages significantly influence ecological sustainability, sustainable performance and environmental strategies. Additionally, environmental strategies and organizational capabilities significantly influence ecological sustainability and sustainable performance. Moreover, environmental strategies mediate between environmental MCS packages, ecological sustainability and sustainable performance. Organizational capabilities significantly moderate the relationship between ecological sustainability and sustainable performance.Practical implicationsThis research highlights the issue of how the management of construction organizations deploy environmental MCS packages, organizational capabilities and business strategies to measure ecological sustainability and improve their sustainable performance. This study fills a gap in the literature and facilitates the management of construction organizations in strengthening their internal resources in terms of environmental MCS packages, environmental strategies and organizational capabilities able to help improve their ecological sustainability and sustainable performance.Originality/valueThere are few studies building theoretical frameworks for incorporating environmental MCS packages, organizational capabilities, environmental strategies, ecological sustainability and sustainable performance into a single study. Although the influence of various types of intangible resources on ecological sustainability and sustainable performance receive considerable examination in the literature, there is a dearth of attention paid to understanding the role of environmental MCS packages, environmental strategies and organizational capabilities in determining the ecological sustainability and sustainable performance of construction organizations.

scholarly journals Classificação na Educação Infantil: discutindo propostas, concepções e práticas Rank in Early Childhood Education: discussing proposals, concepts and practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edneri Pereira Cruz ◽  
Ana Coelho Vieira Selva
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Mathematics Classroom ◽  
Classroom Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Role Of Teachers

O estudo investiga como a Classificação vem sendo tratada na Educação Infantil. Em particular, as atividades propostas em livros didáticos e a atuação de docentes em sala de aula. Esta pesquisa contemplou: análise de livros didáticos de Matemática, observação de sala de aula e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professoras desta etapa de ensino. De modo geral, tanto nos livros didáticos quanto nas propostas em sala de aula, as atividades apresentam-se como contexto fecundo para se explorar aspectos numéricos, geométricos e lógicos, com a predominância de atividades que previam o agrupamento de objetos que possuíam uma propriedade comum ou mesmo atributo. Na preocupação em tornar o conhecimento acessível e com significado para a criança, se perdeu em algumas atividades a clareza conceitual.The study investigates how the Classification has been treated in kindergarten. In particular, the activities proposed in textbooks and the role of teachers in the classroom. This research included: analysis of textbooks of Mathematics, classroom observation and carrying out semi-structured interviews with teachers of this educational stage. In general, both in textbooks as the proposals in the classroom, the activities are presented as fruitful context for exploring numerical, geometric and logical aspects, with the predominance of activities that provide for grouping of objects that had a common property or even attribute. The aim of making it accessible and meaningful to the child's knowledge, was lost in some activities the conceptual clarity.  

Israel's Settler-Colonial Water Regime: The Second Contradiction of Zionism

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seif Da'Na
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonial Histories ◽  
Size Limits ◽  
Interpretive Mode

This paper questions the ecological sustainability of the Zionist colonial scheme in Palestine. It outlines an ecologically-based narrative of the Arab-Israeli struggle by juxtaposing colonial Zionism and ecological Zionism to re-narrate the Arab-Israeli conflict using a recent interpretive mode that assumes as a principle concomitant environmental and colonial histories. Examining both the role of water in the history of the Zionist colonial scheme and Zionist agricultural practices, it argues that, similar to previous colonial European ventures, the sustainability of colonial Zionism is challenged by both Palestine's scarce hydrological resources and their mounting exploitation, spawning what I call the ‘inner tension of Zionism’. Given this dialectic of Zionism – that considering, among other things, the nature of Zionist colonial agriculture and settlers’ Western life style, the necessary increasing exploitation of Palestine's scarce resources challenges the sustainability of the colonial venture – the hydrological challenge, entwining with nationalist conflict, constitutes Zionism's second contradiction.11 Due to size limits and nature of this paper, I deal only with the first stage, 1882–1967. I deal with the next stage, 1967 and thereafter, elsewhere, although the typology employed for the distinction between stages is outlined below.

Contractual Constitutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 417-430
Author(s):  
Albert Weale
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
International Public Goods ◽  
Mutual Advantage

Arendt pointed out that social contract theory identified some elementary truths of democratic politics. What might be those elementary truths? The first is the need for public goods; the second the role of a two-level theory; and the third is the essential role of government in providing the conditions for social cooperation. Democratic contracts need to respect the requirements of political equality. However, this still leaves us with the problem of knowing what could be agreed among agents reciprocally situated. The empirical method suggests that we need to look to social conditions that embody the circumstances of impartiality. One such set of conditions is found in common property resource regimes, where power is roughly equal. Such regime exhibit various forms of equality, but they also suggest the need for participation as well as monitoring and sanctions. Large-scale societies need to incorporate conditions of open representation and effective deliberation if they are to exhibit the circumstances of impartiality. International contracts are best understood if the Grotian norms of traditional international relations are regarded as equivalent to the individualistic minimum of a domestic order, which needs a social contract to deal with externalities and provide international public goods. It is plausible to think that, in an interdependent world, mutual advantage may exhibit the logic of a universalization to humanity as an end in itself.

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