scholarly journals Collaboration in a “Land without a Quisling”: Patterns of Cooperation with the Nazi German Occupation Regime in Poland during World War II

Slavic Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Peter Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
History Of

Astonishingly, we still do not have a history of collaboration in Poland during World War II. Klaus-Peter Friedrich shows that the building blocks for such a history already exist, however. They are scattered throughout the contemporary Polish press and studies on the Nazi occupation regime. Examples include institutionalized cooperation (Baudienst, Polish Police), ethnically defined segments of the population (Volksdeutsche), informal support of Nazi projects on ideological common ground (anti- Semitism and anticommunism), and the stance of the Polish peasantry as well as the Roman Catholic Church. Friedrich concludes that collaboration eludes study because of a mental image according to which ethnic Poles were the foremost victims of the occupiers and heroically resisted them. Questionable views of national self-interest keep Polish society from coming to terms with the past. Nevertheless, debates on “Polish collaboration” continue to recur—as they have since 1939.

Catholics on the Barricades

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr H. Kosicki
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
World War ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Just Society

This book tells a sweeping story of how Catholics from France and Poland wrestled throughout the first half of the twentieth century with a series of earth-shattering challenges to their worldview: the Industrial Revolution, the displacement of dynastic empires by democratic republics, republicanism’s subsequent collapse between the world wars, occupation and genocide by Nazi Germany, and the birth and expansion of the Soviet Union and its Communist proxy regimes. Faced with the ascendancy of both nationalism and Marxism across Europe, Catholic intellectuals found common ground in the pursuit of a just society on earth. Catholics on the Barricades reconstructs the projects forged across multiple generations, spanning from the 1890s through the 1950s. Declaring Catholic “revolution,” France’s and Poland’s Catholic intellectuals ended up serving twin evils: first exclusionary (or integral) nationalism, and then Stalinism as well. To explain this paradox, Catholics on the Barricades offers a conceptual history of “revolution.” After World War II, anti-fascist bona fides led these intellectuals to give the benefit of the doubt to Communist regimes in Eastern Europe—if not actively involve themselves in those regimes’ construction. In addition to peace and personhood, French and Polish Catholics were united by a shared fear of Germany. Their anti-Germanism built on, and preserved, long-standing anti-Semitism. Catholic “revolution,” then, was poisoned from the outset. And yet, its legacy ultimately inspired a turn to dialogue and solidarity, which—fleeting though it has proven to be—helped to bring down the Iron Curtain.

scholarly journals Omówienie zawartości zbioru rękopisów przechowywanego w Muzeum Księży Marianów im. ks. Józefa Jarzębowskiego w Licheniu Starym.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-164
Author(s):  
Maria Wrede
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Objects

The article aims at the presentation of the collection of manuscripts, a hardly known collection of historical sources concerning different periods of the history of Poland. It describes in detail individual sets of manuscripts, a kind of guide concerning the inventory of the whole collection available in the Museum (a copy in the National Library of Poland). The most valua­ble, most comprehensive and – in this context – unobvious part of the collection, consisting of the sources for the history of the January Uprising, as well as the collection of literary autographs and royal documents. The objects which are closely related to the history of the Museum are the leg­acy of Father Józef Jarzębowski and manuscripts concerning the history of the Roman-Catholic church, documentation of the Poles’ activities during World War II, minor materials concerning the history of the Polish diaspora. It is only by recognizing the history and context of how the collection had been developed that it can be properly interpreted, individual objects included.  

scholarly journals Polszczyzna na Mohylewszczyźnie – przeszłość i stan obecny (raport z badań terenowych)

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 113-137
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ostrówka ◽  
Ewa Golachowska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Field Research ◽  
World War ◽  
Church Education ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Church

Polish language in the Mohylew region – the past and present (the report on field research)The research in the Mohylew region is a continuation of research concerning the language of Catholics in former North-Eastern Borderland. The work contains an outline of the history of the Mohylew region including the history of the Catholic Church, education and functioning of Polish in this land. Besides Mohylew the following places were visited: Czausy, Faszczówka and Bezczynne where parishes are being revived. Evangelisation is in Belorussian and only in Mohylew one Holy Mass is in Polish every day. Conclusions: The Polish language in the Mohylew region has been functioning since 16th century what is confirmed in Mohylew town chronicles grave inscriptions in local Polish Cemetary. It has also been, excluding Jesuit parishes (Jesuits evangelised in the language of a given nationality, wrote catechisms and grammars) the language of prayers and lithurgy. The result of the progress of russification was that the range of its use narrowed down. The next stage (20’s and 30’s of 20th century) of the fight with the Church and religion led to interrupting passing the Polish language even in those families where it survived throughout former stages. In this way the Polish tradition was interrupted. At present it is very difficult to meet people using the old local Polish language. The Polish with regional features can be heard with those people who came to Mohylew after the World War II. There is also another quality: the language learned at school or courses. The Polish language is generally idiolectally diverse, its shape depends on the degree of fluency in Polish. On the basis of reviving catholicism and the Polish language with numerous young people who discovered their roots there is a process of reconstructing the Polish identity. Польский язык на Могилёвщине – прошлое и современность (отчёт по полевым исследованиям)Полевые исследования на Могилёвщине являются продолжением проводимых авторами исследований языка католиков на бывших северо-восточных рубежах Польши. В статье представлен краткий очерк истории Могилёвщины, католической церквы, просвещения на польском языке и функционирования польского языка на исследуемой территории. Кроме Могилёва авторы статьи посетили Чаусы, Фащевку и Бесчине. В этих местностях возрождаются католические приходы. Евангелизация и богослужения ведутся на белорусском языке. Только в Могилёве ежедневно одна месса происходит на польском языке. Выводы: Польским языком на Могилёвщине пользовались с XVI века, что подтверждают городские хроники и надписи на местном Польском кладбище. Кроме того он был (за исключением приходов, которые вели иезуиты, которые вели римскокатолическое вероучение на национальных языках) языком молитвы и литургии. По мере усиливания руссификации во время разделов Польши, использование польского языка уменьшалось. Очередной период (20-е и 30-е годы ХХ века) борьбы с католической церковью и религией стали причиной прекращения передачи польского языка даже в тех семьях, в которых он сохранился в предыдущий период. Одновременно прекратилась польская традиция. В настоящее время трудно найти людей, говорящих на давнем местном польском языке. Польский язык, насыщенный региональными диалектными чертами, встречается ещё у лиц, которые прибыли на Могилёвщину после второй мировой войны. Мы обнаружили ещё одну разновидность польского языка – это язык выученный в школе и на языковых курсах. В общем польский язык на Могилёвщине сильно дифференцирован в зависимости от индивида, а его качество от степени присвоения данного кода. Опираясь на возрождающийся католицизм и польский язык у многих молодых людей, которые обнаружили свои польские корни, наступает процесс реконструкции польского самосознания.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik S. Gellman ◽  
Jarod Roll
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern History ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depression Era

This introductory chapter tells the story of how two preachers challenged racial divisions in the United States. Southern history, even American history generally, is too often told in white stories and black stories that seldom connect; yet the chapter asserts that the intertwined stories of Owen Whitfield and Claude Claude Williams challenges students of the history of the southern working class to take seriously the dynamic power and centrality of religious ideas in social and political movements, which raises new questions about the assumptions scholars have made about race, respectability, politics, and even gender in the Depression and World War II era. Their careers, in part, tell the story of the recovery of a southern common ground strong enough to support a working-class social movement for greater democracy in Depression-era America.

scholarly journals The ‘enemy within’ the post-Vatican II Roman Catholic Church

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Church History ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Second Vatican Council ◽  
Church Hierarchy ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
History Of

The Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) is regarded as one of the most significant processes in the ecumenical church history of the 20th century. At that time, a younger generation of Roman Catholic theologians began to make their mark in the church and within the ecumenical theological scene. Their work provided an ecumenical bridge between the Reforming and the Roman Catholic ecclesiastical traditions, notwithstanding the subsequent negative response of the Roman church hierarchy. Despite important advances, recent pontificates significantly altered the theological landscape and undermined much of the enthusiasm and commitment to unity. Roman Catholic theological dissent provided common ground for theological reflection. Those regarded as the ‘enemy within’ have become respected colleagues in the search for truth in global ecclesiastical perspective. This article will use the distinction between the history and the narratives of Vatican II.

Polish Sovietology in the Lead-up to the Cold War

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-193
Author(s):  
Richard Pipes
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
World War ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

After the Bolsheviks took power in Russia, some of the closest study of the new Communist regime and Soviet state was conducted by Polish scholars, whose country had a long history of troubled relations with Russia. Polish scholars had long been studying the Tsarist regime, but the advent of Soviet rule forced major adjustments. Some of the literature that emerged in Poland about the Soviet Union was perceptive, but other works were warped by anti-Semitism and an obsession with alleged Bolshevik-Judeo conspiracies. By the time of World War II, a substantial body of expertise about the USSR had accumulated in Poland. The war and the subsequent establishment of Soviet hegemony largely brought an end to this tradition, which could not truly be revived until after 1989.

Objectives and Achievements of The Liturgical Movement in The Roman Catholic Church Since World War II

1951 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest B. Koenker
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Liturgical Movement

When one mentions the “liturgy” or “Liturgical Movement” a variety of strange or confusing pictures is likely to be raised in a person's mind: the hearer may have passed through some unfortunate experience and thereby acquired what he calls “anti-liturgical inclinations;” he may have visions of vestments, gestures, or ceremonies which he finds difficult to follow; he may even be ready to dismiss everything liturgical as exhibiting “Catholicizing tendencies.”

Polish Catholicism under Fire

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 161-190
Author(s):  
Jonathan Luxmoore
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Solidarity Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
Restraining Force

Luxmoore reviews the post-World War II history of the Catholic church in Poland, its relations with the communist government, its stand on the Solidarity movement, and its behavior during the period of martial law. Despite the restraining force of totalitarianism, Poland's religiosity evolved swiftly in the forty years after the war, producing a pope and empowering an enduring and peaceful political movement.

Catholic Politics in the United States: Challenges in the Past, Present, and Future

The Forum ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted G. Jelen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Church ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Catholic

AbstractThroughout the history of the US, the Catholic Church has occupied a variety of political roles. This essay identifies three distinctive periods of Catholic politics: An era in which US Catholicism represented a primarily “immigrant” church (approximately from the mid-19th century to World War II), a period of assimilation and acculturation (roughly 1945–1980), and a period of integration into the dominant partisan and ideological cleavages of American politics (approximately 1980 to the present). Each of these eras was characterized by a distinctive pattern of interaction among the American Catholic laity, the organized Roman Catholic hierarchy in the US, and the Vatican.

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

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