Beycesultan Excavations: Fourth Preliminary Report, 1957

1958 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 93-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seton Lloyd ◽  
James Mellaart
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Public Building ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Account ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Enclosure Wall ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Made In

Short Reports on the Institute's excavations at Beycesultan, dealing with discoveries in the seasons of 1954, 1955 and 1956 have already been published in this journal (vols. V–VII). In the third of these reports, a break in continuity was occasioned by our temporary concentration on a single isolated discovery; and accordingly, before resuming the more general account, a short recapitulation of our operational sequence may be desirable.In the final weeks of the 1955 season, a sounding was made in Area “A” on the western summit (see site-plan, Fig. 1), which revealed the presence in this part of the mound of a large public building of the Middle Bronze Age, corresponding in time to the “Burnt Palace” already partly excavated on the eastern summit (Level V). Some preliminary investigations were also made of three occupation levels (VI, VII and VIII) lying directly beneath this building (see Anatolian Studies VI). In 1956 an extension of this sounding was made in the form of a 5-metre trench more than 40 metres long, running out approximately eastwards towards the flank of the mound (Trench “S”). After passing through the already well established sequence of later occupations, further foundations of the Middle Bronze Age were here encountered and it became clear that the building discovered in Area “A” formed part of an administrative complex, perhaps covering the whole of the western summit, and surrounded by its own substantial enclosure wall.

scholarly journals Preliminary report on human remains from Tell Masaikh and Tell Ashara. Season 2009*

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Jacek Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Euphrates Valley ◽  
The Times

The middle Euphrates valley (Syria) is a very interesting and important region for the history of Mesopotamia. The excavations are currently carried out at Tell Ashara and Tell Masaikh. The first site is primarily the remains of a Bronze Age (2700–1500 BC). At Tell Masaikh were discovered the remains of a settlement from the Chalcolithic (4500 BC), and the Middle Bronze Age, as well as a huge governor’s palace from the times of the Assyrian empire’s days of glory (800–650 BC). The paper is a summary of anthropological research conducted in 2009. We have been excavated 80 human skeletons (50 individuals from Tell Masikh, and 30 from Tell Ashara). 

SEYITOMER MOUND MİDDLE BRONZE AGE LİNE DECORATİON SPİNDLE WHORLS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 136-151
Author(s):  
Hülya KARAOĞLAN
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
The North ◽  
Spindle Whorls ◽  
Line Angle ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Spindle Whorl ◽  
Made In

Since prehistoric times, human beings have decorated their daily items such as tools, utensils, pots and fugitives by applying ornaments with various techniques. These decorations are not only haphazardly but also systematically and as works of art. Seyitömer Mound is located 30 km northwest of Kütahya Province in the north of Afyon-Altıntaş-road in Seyitömer Town of Kütahya. Nine years of uninterrupted excavations were carried out by the Kütahya Dumlupınar University Archeology Department in Seyitömer Mound. During the excavations carried out in Seyitömer Mound , spindle whorls dating back to the Middle Bronze Age and used in rope spinning are quite common. Decorations in various compositions were applied on these finds using the scraping technique. These decorations are divided into groups as Mixed Composition, Bow, Line, Angle, Zigzag and Star, Point, Nail, Ring, Wave, Radial Decoration. In this study, in Seyitömer Mound spindle whorl finds BC. twenty one spindle whorls belonging to the 2nd millennium and decorated (marked) with "arc-shaped" decoration were studied. In this spindle whorls group, many compositions have been created from arc-shaped lines. These compositions were mostly made in groups of nested double-triple-quadruple arcs, four-five. In the study, drawings of Seyitömer Mound bow-shaped spindle whorls, their location, dimensions and descriptions were added as a catalog. In addition, its contemporaries and similar peripheral centers are specified with a compared bibliography. The aim of the study is to include this group of finds, which is important for archaeological research, into the literature.

Beycesultan, 1959: Sixth Preliminary Report

1960 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seton Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Assistant Director ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

A final season of excavating at Beycesultan was arranged in the autumn of 1959 and lasted from 15th September to 28th October. The work was once more in charge of the Director, who was accompanied by Mrs. Seton Lloyd and a staff consisting of Mr. Martin Harrison (Institute Scholar for 1958–59) and Mrs. Harrison, Mr. Harry Smith of Christ's College, Cambridge, Miss Carol Cruikshank, Mr. Michael Brett as architect and Bay Osman Aksoy as Turkish Government representative. The Assistant Director and Miss Clare Goff also took part in the excavations during the second half of the season.It had been decided on this occasion to concentrate the entire resources of the expedition on the continued clearance of the Middle Bronze Age palace on the eastern summit of the mound, partly excavated in the seasons of 1954 and 1955, in the hope of recovering as much of the plan as possible before the excavations finally closed down. This was accomplished with considerable success. Two large new areas of the building were cleared and a point reached where any further extension would have met with serious practical difficulties.

Unpublished Middle Minoan and Late Minoan I material from the 1962–3 excavations at Palaikastro, East Crete (PK VIII)

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 153-217
Author(s):  
Carl Knappett ◽  
Anna Collar
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The Town

Results of excavations in 1962–3 at the Minoan coastal town of Palaikastro were published in the Annual in 1965 and 1970, as PK VI and PK VII. While those publications did report on all excavated contexts, in some cases this took the form of a preliminary report pending fuller study. The current paper (PK VIII) fills in most of the main gaps, particularly where the Middle Minoan period is concerned, but also with some attention to the Early and Late Minoan periods. Contexts and deposits from different blocks in the town are presented, as well as from outside the main town towards the area known as Sarantari. These provide good evidence for the existence of particular phases of occupation in the town, notably throughout the Middle Minoan period (MM IA, IB, II, IIIA and IIIB), as well as in EM IIB and LM IB. Some of these phases are not very well known at Palaikastro, or in east Crete more generally. This paper thus contributes to a fuller characterisation of certain ceramic phases at the level of both the site and the region, as well as supplementing our knowledge of the long-term occupation of this important coastal town throughout the Middle Bronze Age.

scholarly journals A Massive, Late Neolithic Pit Structure associated with Durrington Walls Henge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Gaffney ◽  
Eamonn Baldwin ◽  
Martin Bates ◽  
C. Richard Bates ◽  
Christopher Gaffney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Geophysical Survey ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Diameter ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Geophysical Anomalies ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

A series of massive geophysical anomalies, located south of the Durrington Walls henge monument, were identified during fluxgate gradiometer survey undertaken by the Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project (SHLP). Initially interpreted as dewponds, these data have been re-evaluated, along with information on similar features revealed by archaeological contractors undertaking survey and excavation to the north of the Durrington Walls henge. Analysis of the available data identified a total of 20 comparable features, which align within a series of arcs adjacent to Durrington Walls. Further geophysical survey, supported by mechanical coring, was undertaken on several geophysical anomalies to assess their nature, and to provide dating and environmental evidence. The results of fieldwork demonstrate that some of these features, at least, were massive, circular pits with a surface diameter of 20m or more and a depth of at least 5m. Struck flint and bone were recovered from primary silts and radiocarbon dating indicates a Late Neolithic date for the lower silts of one pit. The degree of similarity across the 20 features identified suggests that they could have formed part of a circuit of large pits around Durrington Walls, and this may also have incorporated the recently discovered Larkhill causewayed enclosure. The diameter of the circuit of pits exceeds 2km and there is some evidence that an intermittent, inner post alignment may have existed within the circuit of pits. One pit may provide evidence for a recut; suggesting that some of these features could have been maintained through to the Middle Bronze Age. Together, these features represent a unique group of features related to the henge at Durrington Walls, executed at a scale not previously recorded.

Excavations of the bronze age settlement “Hospital II” in Kerch (preliminary report)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.В. Бейлин ◽  
А.Е. Кислый ◽  
А.М. Михайлов ◽  
В.В. Рогудеев ◽  
А.В. Шарапа ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Original Population ◽  
Eastern Crimea ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Catacomb Culture

The Hospital II settlement is located in the coastal part of Kerch in the basin of Dzhardzhava river. Excavations of the settlement were carried out in 2017 in connection with the construction of the Crimean bridge. Six housing and economic complexes, household pits, an artificial platform, enclosed by stone walls, were investigated. The complex of findings allows to construct vertical and horizontal stratigraphy and chronological chain of development of this site. The most informative findings refer to the Kamensk culture of the Eastern Crimea and, in general, to the Kamensk-Leventsovsk horizon of the Middle Bronze Age. They confirm that the cultural peculiarities of the “catacombs” with the participation of the tribes of the wide district in the Eastern Crimea were transformed into a special type of monuments. Complexes of the Late Babinsk-Srubna horizon and further – of Early Belozersky emphasize the complex ways of development of the original population of the region. Probably, the investigated object was a winter village, the inhabitants of which were engaged in distant-pasture cattle breeding. The territory was also used in the antique era, but to a lesser extent. 9 burials were found: 1 – of catacomb culture, 5 – of Babinsk-Srubna horizon, 1 – of the era of the Great Migration of Nations and 2 – destroyed, of indefinite time.

scholarly journals Archers on the Petroglyphs of Kara-Too in Kyrgyzstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Yuliy S. Khudyakov ◽  
Kubatbek Sh. Tabaldiev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Graphic Arts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Imagery Group ◽  
Mountain Goats ◽  
Bow And Arrow ◽  
Made In

Purpose. The article analyzes in details two small petroglyphic compositions with human figures and hoofed animals made in the technique of dotted engraving on rocky ridges, which were discovered in the mountains of Kara-Too, a part of the mountain range of Tian Shan in Kyrgyzstan, and provides a brief description of another similar composition. Results. We summarized the primary events of researching rock graphic arts compositions in mountains, particularly those located in the northern part of the Kyrgyz Republic. The first imagery group, which was discovered at the site Kara-Too, demonstrates a dismounted archer wearing a rounded head-dress and keeping a bow and arrow in his hand, with a bow quiver hung to his belt, and a profile imagery of a hoofed animal with two protuberances on its back, which probably means that the animal is a camel. The second petroglyphic composition shows two archers with bows and arrows in their hands, who are hunting goats. We also give a brief description of the third multi-figure composition present at this petroglyphic location. It includes an imagery of a horseman, some horses, a dog, mountain goats and sheep or Altai argali, as well as a construction with walls and a double-pitch roof. Conclusion. The images of humans and animals in the petroglyphic composition of Kara-Too, which were described in the article, apparently relate to the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age.

Preliminary report on the 2016 season in Metsamor (Armenia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 561-573
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jakubiak ◽  
Mateusz Iskra ◽  
Ashot Piliposyan ◽  
Artavazd Zakyan
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Settlement Area ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Three Phases

Excavation in Metsamor in 2016 was focused on the settlement area as well as necropolis. Extended trenches uncovered a substantial part of the settlement and contributed new stratigraphic and chronological data on the three phases of occupation, especially the heavy fire that appears to have destroyed the buildings in the early 8th century BC. A unique find from this level of destruction was a necklace made of sardonyx, agate and gold beads. In the post-Urartian period, the northeastern part of the settlement was clearly rearranged. Exploration of a kurgan tomb in the cemetery showed that the tomb had been reused for the most recent burial, looted, which may have included a symbolic horse burial. The construction of the tomb, based on finds from a layer at the bottom of the burial chamber, which included several golden adornments and beads of different materials, can be dated to the Middle Bronze Age, the latest burials to the Iron I period.

Thucydides as Archaeologist

1955 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Positive Evidence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fountain House ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Made In

In i.1–21 Thucydides gives a brief interpretation of early Greek history. This is important not only for the critical standard of its author, but also because in ten instances he says what his evidence is. Twice his evidence is archaeological. The two passages deserve careful study.Mycenae had been destroyed by the Argives in the 460's and was deserted till the third century B.C. Thanks to modern archaeologists and Pausanias we can form some idea of what was to be seen in the time of Thucydides. Much of the Bronze Age wall, including the Lion Gate, should have been above ground; it was anyhow visible to Pausanias, and before him the Hellenistic fortifiers had made use of it. Some of the tholos tombs were open, to judge by finds made in their excavation and by Pausanias's mention of ‘underground treasuries of Atreus and his sons’. Of the Bronze Age palace and houses nothing was left above ground, so the stratification suggests. But the ruins of the city demolished in the 460's must still have survived, and its sanctuaries may have been intact; it would have been natural enough for the Argives to spare them, and there is some positive evidence that the temple on the summit of Mycenae and the sanctuary near the fountain house outside the Lion Gate were both kept in repair and that the Agamemnoneion over half a mile to the south was still visited.

scholarly journals When and Why? The Chronology and Context of Flint Mining at Grime’s Graves, Norfolk, England

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 277-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Healy ◽  
Peter Marshall ◽  
Alex Bayliss ◽  
Gordon Cook ◽  
Christopher Bronk Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Copper Mines ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Copper Metallurgy

New radiocarbon dating and chronological modelling have refined understanding of the character and circumstances of flint mining at Grime’s Graves through time. The deepest, most complex galleried shafts were worked probably from the third quarter of the 27th century calbcand are amongst the earliest on the site. Their use ended in the decades around 2400 calbc, although the use of simple, shallow pits in the west of the site continued for perhaps another three centuries. The final use of galleried shafts coincides with the first evidence of Beaker pottery and copper metallurgy in Britain. After a gap of around half a millennium, flint mining at Grime’s Graves briefly resumed, probably from the middle of the 16th century calbcto the middle of the 15th. These ‘primitive’ pits, as they were termed in the inter-war period, were worked using bone tools that can be paralleled in Early Bronze Age copper mines. Finally, the scale and intensity of Middle Bronze Age middening on the site is revealed, as it occurred over a period of probably no more than a few decades in the 14th century calbc. The possibility of connections between metalworking at Grime’s Graves at this time and contemporary deposition of bronzes in the nearby Fens is discussed.

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