Alterations in the Progression of Cells through the Cell Cycle after Exposure to Alpha Particles or Gamma Rays

1996 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Gadbois ◽  
Harry A. Crissman ◽  
Anthony Nastasi ◽  
Robb Habbersett ◽  
Sha-ke Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particles

New Particles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Stuewer
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Cloud Chamber ◽  
Ernest Rutherford ◽  
James Chadwick ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
New Particles

In December 1931, Harold Urey discovered deuterium (and its nucleus, the deuteron) by spectroscopically detecting the faint companion lines in the Balmer spectrum of atomic hydrogen that were produced by the heavy hydrogen isotope. In February 1932, James Chadwick, stimulated by the claim of the wife-and-husband team of Irène Curie and Frédéric Joliot that polonium alpha particles cause the emission of energetic gamma rays from beryllium, proved experimentally that not gamma rays but neutrons are emitted, thereby discovering the particle whose existence had been predicted a dozen years earlier by Chadwick’s mentor, Ernest Rutherford. In August 1932, Carl Anderson took a cloud-chamber photograph of a positron traversing a lead plate, unaware that Paul Dirac had predicted the existence of the anti-electron in 1931. These three new particles, the deuteron, neutron, and positron, were immediately incorporated into the experimental and theoretical foundations of nuclear physics.

Nuclear Electrons and Nuclear Structure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Stuewer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Light Nuclei ◽  
Coincidence Method ◽  
Wolfgang Pauli ◽  
Beta Particles

Serious contradictions to the existence of electrons in nuclei impinged in one way or another on the theory of beta decay and became acute when Charles Ellis and William Wooster proved, in an experimental tour de force in 1927, that beta particles are emitted from a radioactive nucleus with a continuous distribution of energies. Bohr concluded that energy is not conserved in the nucleus, an idea that Wolfgang Pauli vigorously opposed. Another puzzle arose in alpha-particle experiments. Walther Bothe and his co-workers used his coincidence method in 1928–30 and concluded that energetic gamma rays are produced when polonium alpha particles bombard beryllium and other light nuclei. That stimulated Frédéric Joliot and Irène Curie to carry out related experiments. These experimental results were thoroughly discussed at a conference that Enrico Fermi organized in Rome in October 1931, whose proceedings included the first publication of Pauli’s neutrino hypothesis.

Oncogenic Transformation of C3H 10T1/2 Cells Exposed to Alpha Particles: Sensitivity through the Cell Cycle

1995 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bettega ◽  
P. Calzolari ◽  
A. Costa ◽  
G. Noris Chiorda ◽  
L. Tallone
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Oncogenic Transformation

Flow cytometric detection of apoptotic bone marrow cells with fractional DNA content after application of WR-2721, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and exposure of mice to gamma rays

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Mazur ◽  
A Czyzewska ◽  
M Bochenek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Dna Damaging Agents ◽  
Flow Cytometric

Little is known about the mechanisms of apoptosis triggered in normal cells of the haemopoietic system by the aminothiol WR-2721 (Amifostine), chemotherapeutic drugs, and ionizing radiation; thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of WR-2721, cyclophosphamide (CP), cisplatin (CDDP), and 60Co gamma rays on induction of apoptotic DNA degradation in bone marrow cells. Adult male Swiss mice were treated with WR-2721 (400 mg/kg b.wt.), CP (200 mg/kg b.wt.), and CDDP (10 mg/ kg b.wt.), and exposed to 6 Gy 60Co gamma rays. Alterations in the number of apoptotic cells with fractional DNA content and also the cell cycle position of the non-apoptotic cells were determined in the bone marrow at 7 and 24 hours after treatment of mice with these agents, using flow cytometric assay of the controlled extraction of low-MW DNA from apoptotic cells. The chemotherapeutic drugs CP and CDDP and 60Co gamma rays triggered apoptosis and affected the cell cycle position of the non-apoptotic cells in the mouse bone marrow. The pretreatment of mice with WR-2721 resulted in the modulatory action of the aminothiol on induction of apoptotic cell death and changes in the cell cycle distribution of the non-apoptotic cells caused by the DNA-damaging agents. The patterns of changes in the frequency of apoptotic cells and the cell cycle position of the non-apoptotic cells, observed in the bone marrow, were dependent on the agent(s) applied and the time interval after application of the drug(s) and exposure of mice to gamma rays. Understanding of the mechanisms responsible for triggering of apoptotic cell death and disturbing of the cell cycle by the DNA-damaging agents, and modulation of the apoptotic and cell cycle pathways by the aminothiol WR-2721, can lead to more effective therapy and chemo-and radio-protection of normal cells.

scholarly journals Liquid argon characterization of the X-ARAPUCA with alpha particles, gamma rays and cosmic muons

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. P11002
Author(s):  
H.V. Souza ◽  
E. Segreto ◽  
A.A. Machado ◽  
R.R. Sarmento ◽  
M.C.Q. Bazetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Cosmic Muons

scholarly journals Detection of Alpha Particles and Low Energy Gamma Rays by Thermo-Bonded Micromegas in Xenon Gas

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 3008-3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuehuan Wei ◽  
Liang Guan ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Qing Lin ◽  
Xiaolian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Gamma
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