The Predictability of Irreparable Biological Damage from Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

1961 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 754 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Spalding ◽  
T. T. Trujillo ◽  
W. L. LeStourgeon
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Biological Damage

RADIATION, ITS PRIMARY INTERACTIONS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Radiation Chemistry ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Current Thinking

A discussion is presented of some current thinking on the primary interactions of ionizing radiation with biological materials, including a brief discussion of ionization, excitation, the track phenomenon of charged particles, and the radiation chemistry of water. An attempt is made to correlate some of these phenomena with the variations in biological damage produced by various types of radiations incident on various biological systems and under varying conditions of oxygen tension.

RADIATION, ITS PRIMARY INTERACTIONS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Radiation Chemistry ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Current Thinking

A discussion is presented of some current thinking on the primary interactions of ionizing radiation with biological materials, including a brief discussion of ionization, excitation, the track phenomenon of charged particles, and the radiation chemistry of water. An attempt is made to correlate some of these phenomena with the variations in biological damage produced by various types of radiations incident on various biological systems and under varying conditions of oxygen tension.

scholarly journals Role of DNA Damage and Repair in Detrimental Effects of Ionizing Radiation

Radiation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Alexandros G. Georgakilas
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Full Range ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Dna Damage And Repair ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Living Organisms

Ionizing radiation (IR) is considered a traditional mutagen and genotoxic agent. Exposure to IR affects in all cases biological systems and living organisms from plants to humans mostly in a pernicious way. At low (<0.1 Gy) and low-to-medium doses (0.1–1 Gy), one can find in the literature a variety of findings indicating sometimes a positive-like anti-inflammatory effect or detrimental-like toxicity. In this Special Issue and in general in the current research, we would like to acquire works and more knowledge on the role(s) of DNA damage and its repair induced by ionizing radiations as instigators of the full range of biological responses to radiation. Emphasis should be given to advances offering mechanistic insights into the ability of radiations with different qualities to severely impact cells or tissues. High-quality research or review studies on different species projected to humans are welcome. Technical advances reporting on the methodologies to accurately measure DNA or other types of biological damage must be highly considered for the near future in our research community, as well. Last but not least, clinical trials or protocols with improvements to radiation therapy and radiation protection are also included in our vision for the advancement of research regarding biological effects of IR.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF THE DRUG «OS» IN RADIATION AND BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE OF THE BODY

2021 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
A.M. Idrisov ◽  
◽  
T.R. Gaynutdinov ◽  
K.N. Vagin ◽  
F.R. Vafin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Radiation Sickness ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Acute Radiation Sickness ◽  
Host Organism ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
Post Radiation

Considering that in radiation biocenoses in animals under the influence of ionizing radiation, various biological changes occur, in the form of stimulation or suppression of the development of parasites in the host organism, as well as post-radiation changes in the host organism. We have car-ried out these studies, the purpose of which was to determine the infestation of laboratory animals by helminths, to study the effect of parasites on the course of acute radiation sickness and to assess the modifying effect of the «OS» drug on animals with combined radiation-biological damage.

scholarly journals Investigation of Auger Electron Emitting Radionuclides Effects in Therapy Using the Geant4-DNA Toolkit: A Simulation Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Ahmadi ◽  
Mojtaba Shamsaei Zafar Ghandi ◽  
Aliasghar Shokri
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Single Strand Breaks ◽  
Low Energy Electrons

Purpose: The biological effects of ionizing radiation at the cellular and subcellular scales are studied by the number of breaks in the DNA molecule that provides a quantitative description of the stochastic aspects of energy deposition at cellular scales. The Geant4 code represents a suitable theoretical toolkit in microdosimetry and nanodosimetry. In this study, radiation effects due to Auger electrons emitting radionuclides such as 195mPt 113mIn, 125I and 201Tl are investigated using the Geant4-DNA. Materials and Methods: The Geant4-DNA is the first Open-access software for the simulation of ionizing radiation and biological damage at the DNA scale. Low-energy electrons, especially Auger electron from Auger electron emitting radionuclides during the slowing-down process, deposit their energy within a nanometer volume. Results: The average number of Single-Strand Breaks (SSB) and Double-Strand Breaks (DSB) of DNA as a function of energy and distance from the center of the DNA axis are shown. Conclusion: The highest DSBs yield has occurred at energies less than 1 keV, and  induces a higher DSBs yield.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Imaging in Dentistry: A Literature Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Reda ◽  
Alessio Zanza ◽  
Andrea Cicconetti ◽  
Shilpa Bhandi ◽  
Gabriele Miccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Modern Application ◽  
Future 2

(1) Background: the frequency with which diagnostic tests are prescribed with exposure to ionizing radiation, a cause of biological damage, has been studied, and with much more attention, patients are subjected to these diagnostic tests for diagnosis and follow-up. This review aimed, given the recent developments of this technology, to evaluate the possible use of ultrasound in different branches of dentistry. The possibility of applying ionizing-radiation-free diagnostic exams in dentistry, overcoming the limits of this application, has led scientific research in this area to obtain interesting results that bode well for the future. (2) Methods: a search for articles on the application of ultrasounds in dentistry was performed using the PubMed electronic database. (3) Results: only 32 studies were included, and these clearly stated that this examination is widely usable and in great progress. (4) Conclusions: regarding the modern application techniques of this diagnostic test, it is essential to consider technological evolution as an objective to reduce the damage and side effects of necessary diagnostic tests. The use of ultrasound in dentistry can represent a valid radiation-free alternative, in certain contexts, to the other most used exams.

scholarly journals An Update of the Possible Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Dentistry: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Reda ◽  
Alessio Zanza ◽  
Alessandro Mazzoni ◽  
Andrea Cicconetti ◽  
Luca Testarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Biological Damage ◽  
Conservative Dentistry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Ionizing Radiation Exposure

This narrative review aims to evaluate the current evidence for the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a radiation-free diagnostic exam, in some fields of dentistry. Background: Radiographic imaging plays a significant role in current first and second level dental diagnostics and treatment planning. However, the main disadvantage is the high exposure to ionizing radiation for patients. Methods: A search for articles on dental MRI was performed using the PubMed electronic database, and 37 studies were included. Only some articles about endodontics, conservative dentistry, implantology, and oral and craniofacial surgery that best represented the aim of this study were selected. Results: All the included articles showed that MRI can obtain well-defined images, which can be applied in operative dentistry. Conclusions: This review highlights the potential of MRI for diagnosis in dental clinical practice, without the risk of biological damage from continuous ionizing radiation exposure.

Radiation-induced surface decomposition

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 368-369
Author(s):  
M. L. Knotek
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Neutral Species ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Surface Decomposition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electron And Photon ◽  
Surface Bond

Modern surface analysis is based largely upon the use of ionizing radiation to probe the electronic and atomic structure of the surfaces physical and chemical makeup. In many of these studies the ionizing radiation used as the primary probe is found to induce changes in the structure and makeup of the surface, especially when electrons are employed. A number of techniques employ the phenomenon of radiation induced desorption as a means of probing the nature of the surface bond. These include Electron- and Photon-Stimulated Desorption (ESD and PSD) which measure desorbed ionic and neutral species as they leave the surface after the surface has been excited by some incident ionizing particle. There has recently been a great deal of activity in determining the relationship between the nature of chemical bonding and its susceptibility to radiation damage.

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