Construction cost and invasive potential: comparing Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae) with co-occurring native species along pond banks

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 2252-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Nagel ◽  
Kevin L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Invasive Potential

scholarly journals Plant-Soil Relationships ofBromus tectorumL.: Interactions among Labile Carbon Additions, Soil Invasion Status, and Fertilizer

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Blank ◽  
James A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Available N ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Exotic Grass ◽  
Carbon Additions

Invasion of western North America by the annual exotic grassBromus tectorumL. (cheatgrass) has been an ecological disaster. High soil bioavailability of nitrogen is a contributing factor in the invasive potential ofB. tectorum. Application of labile carbon sources to the soil can immobilize soil nitrogen and favor native species. We studied the interaction of labile carbon addition (sucrose), with soil invasion status and fertilizer addition on the growth ofB. tectorum. Soils were noninvaded (BNI) andB. tectoruminvaded (BI). Treatments were control, sucrose, combined fertilizer, and sucrose + fertilizer. The greenhouse experiment continued for 3 growth-cycles. After the 1st growth-cycle, sucrose addition reducedB. tectorumaboveground mass almost 70 times for the BI soil but did not significantly reduce growth in the BNI soil.B. tectorumaboveground mass, after the 1st growth-cycle, was over 27 times greater for BI control soils than BNI control soils. Although sucrose addition reduced soil-solution , tissue N was not significantly lowered, suggesting that reduction of soil available N may not be solely responsible for reduction inB. tectorumgrowth. Noninvaded soil inhibits growth ofB. tectorum. Understanding this mechanism may lead to viable control strategies.

Impacts of Lythrum salicaria invasion on plant community and soil properties in two wetlands in central New York, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy M. Mahaney ◽  
Kurt A. Smemo ◽  
Joseph B. Yavitt
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
New York State ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Central New York

While the spread of the exotic Lythrum salicaria L. across wetlands in North America is thought to negatively affect the performance and diversity of native species, the actual impacts of L. salicaria invasion on community dynamics and ecosystem properties are not well understood. To determine whether L. salicaria affects community aboveground biomass, native species biomass, or soil properties, we studied two common situations in central New York State where L. salicaria invaded (i) an abandoned agricultural field and (ii) a relatively pristine wetland with low species diversity. In the agricultural site, nearly monospecific stands of L. salicaria and Phalaris arundinacea L. had nearly identical shoot mass (approx. 850 g·m–2) but divergent soil characteristics. Inorganic nitrogen was significantly higher under L. salicaria than under P. arundinacea. The low-diversity site is dominated by Carex lacustris Willd., with distinct areas codominated by either L. salicaria or Typha latifolia L. In this site, we found that areas with a codominant species had significantly more total aboveground biomass than those dominated by C. lacustris, suggesting that L. salicaria invasion does not significantly lower native species biomass. However, most soil nutrient levels did not differ among vegetation zones, indicating that species composition changes did not alter soil properties in the short term. This study supports a growing literature suggesting that L. salicaria invasion may not negatively impact relatively pristine wetlands as previously believed.

Positive relationships between invasive purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and plant species diversity and abundance in Minnesota wetlands

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A Hager ◽  
Rolf D Vinebrooke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Plant Invaders ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Diverse Plant

Plant species invasions may result from, and cause, changes in the vegetation community and abiotic environment. It is often hypothesized that nonnative plant invaders suppress the diversity of native species. We examined relationships of vegetation and environmental gradients associated with the nonnative invasive wetland plant Lythrum salicaria L. to determine whether L. salicaria invasion is associated with reduced diversity and abundance of resident plant species in the wetland community. Vegetation and environmental variables were surveyed in 10 wetlands defining a gradient of L. salicaria abundance. In addition, relationships among variables were compared between invaded, Lythrum-dominated and uninvaded, Typha-dominated patches within 6 of the 10 invaded wetlands. Contrary to expectations, ordination results showed that plant diversity was higher in invaded than in uninvaded patches. Lythrum salicaria replaced other plant density and biomass on a one-to-one basis. The ordination results generated an unexpected competing set of testable hypotheses regarding whether L. salicaria invades diverse plant communities or enhances plant community diversity.Key words: invasion, Lythrum salicaria, ordination, plant community composition, Typha-dominated marshes, wetlands.

scholarly journals Invasive Potential of Pet-Traded Pill-Box Crabs from Genus Limnopilos

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Patoka ◽  
Lucie Bohatá ◽  
Tomáš Karella ◽  
Jana Marková ◽  
Ernik Yuliana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Climate Matching ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Freshwater Crabs

The pet trade in aquatic animals is known to be one of the main sources of non-native species worldwide. Freshwater decapod crustaceans have increased in popularity as ornamentals in the last two decades. Freshwater crabs of the genus Limnopilos were discovered by hobby aquarists and introduced on the market in 2008. They are generally considered interesting additions to an aquarium, but information about their living requirements are scarce. Additionally, their invasive potential is not known. Here, we present a survey of the availability of Limnopilos crabs on the market in Europe and North America and analyzed the invasive potential of all species from the genus based on climate matching from a global perspective. The only species recorded in the pet trade is L. naiyanetri, but future introduction of other species is discussed. Certain tropical regions were identified as the most suitable for the potential establishment of Limnopilos crabs including the northern part of South America, and L. microrhynchus was evaluated as the highest risk species. In this pilot study, we also suggest some points to be answered regarding further improving the risk assessment and also recommend continuous monitoring of the market for ornamental decapods.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 100. Lythrum salicaria

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1305-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun R. Mai ◽  
Jon Lovett-Doust ◽  
Lesley Lovett-Doust ◽  
G. A. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
Root Buds ◽  
Wetland Habitats

Lythrum salicaria is a serious weed of wetlands in Canada, particularly in Ontario and Quebec. Indeed some assessments suggest that this exotic is now responsible for the conversion of more wetland habitat than is current human development pressure¡ Lythrum is a heterostylous species and clones by means of root buds. Despite its tristylous breeding system, Lythrum is a successful colonizer, and can produce prodigious numbers of seeds. It is likely that control can be achieved by hand-pulling in low-density populations, but once the species is established it generally becomes abundant and often approaches a monoculture. This species is particularly difficult to control because of its strong competitive ability, the extreme sensitivity of wetland habitats, and the likelihood of serious repercussions for wetland wildlife and fisheries if herbicides are used to control it. We see better possibilities for control through cultural techniques (e.g., manipulation of water levels to favour native species), enhancement of North American herbivores, and, possibly, the introduction of biological control agents from Europe and Asia.Key words: Purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria, wetlands, introduced weed

scholarly journals Throwing Out the Bathwater but Keeping the Baby: Lessons Learned from Purple Loosestrife and Reed Canarygrass

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-548
Author(s):  
Neil O. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Purple Loosestrife ◽  
Wind Pollination ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Interspecific Differences

Historic ignorance of species’ native range, expansion due to unintentional involvement by vectors, and their quiet evolution has caused several invasive species to become “poster children,” such as purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea), and others. Common misconceptions on how these became problematic have involved a variety of causes, including ignorance of species’ ability to intercross and create introgressive hybrids, lack of insects for control, wind pollination, and intercontinental distribution from their native range. Current research focuses on how misappropriating the historical contexts can reverse our misconceptions of native species being noninvasive and how this affects control by land managers. Purple loosestrife and reed canarygrass will be used as example species to demonstrate challenges that native vs. exotic, intra-, and interspecific differences confer to land managers. Issues such as a lack of phenotypic differences challenge land managers’ charge to control invasive individuals yet retain the noninvasives. This is fraught with challenges when native vs. exotic status is invoked or cultural values are entwined. To avoid a monumental impasse, particularly when native and exotic types are phenotypically indistinguishable, this dilemma could be solved via modern techniques using molecular biology.

scholarly journals Importance of Introgressive Hybridization in the Development of Invasive Lythrum salicaria

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 819B-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil O. Anderson ◽  
Peter D. Ascher ◽  
Barbara E. Liedl
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Diagnostic Traits

Since its evolution as an invasive species in Quebec (1930s), L. salicaria has spread across North American wetlands virtually unchecked. Initially, it was theorized that the rapid invasion was due to the absence of phytophagous insects (present in the native habitat). However, evolutionists theorized that invasive characteristics probably arose from introgressive hybridization with a native species (L. alatum), since their ecotypes overlap. Several horticultural cultivars are also fertile interspecific hybrids. These two species differ for diagnostic traits (number of flowers/axil, plant height, phyllotaxy, style morphology, seed dormancy). Minnesota L. salicaria populations were examined for evidence of introgression. Lythrum salicaria introgressive genotypes were found for all diagnostic traits. Seed dormancy was the most common, i.e., OP seed showed significant seed dormancy (F = 5.2, P = 0.024). Such hybrids would have adaptive advantages as weeds, having evolved for each ecotype by introgression with locally adapted L. alatum populations.

The effect of invasive Lythrum salicaria pollen deposition on seed set in the native species Decodon verticillatus

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Da Silva ◽  
Risa D. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Lythrum Salicaria ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
The Impact

Relatively little attention has been paid to pollinator-mediated interactions among invasive and native plants in spite of the fact that pollen transfer between species in invaded communities has been shown to occur. In this study, we investigated the impact of pollen deposition from the invasive plant species Lythrum salicaria on seed set in a native species that is a member of the same family, Decodon verticillatus. Whole plants were subjected to hand pollination by conspecific (D. verticillatus only) or mixed (a 1:1 mixture of D. verticillatus and L. salicaria) pollen to determine if the addition of a mixed pollen load interferes with the ability of D. verticillatus pollen to set seed. We found the mixed pollen treatment reduced D. verticillatus seed set by 33.3% relative to the conspecific pollen treatment. Our study demonstrates that invasive plants have the potential to negatively impact the reproductive success of a native species through pollinator-mediated interactions. We discuss the potential implications of our findings to the evolution and persistence of native plant populations in invaded communities.

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