Conditional Outcomes in the Relationship between Pine and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Relation to Biotic and Abiotic Environment

Oikos ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Setälä ◽  
Johanna Rissanen ◽  
Anna Mari Markkola ◽  
Heikki Setala
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Environment ◽  
Conditional Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Dark Septate Endophytes and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Effect on Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. Seedling Growth and their Potential Effects to Pine Wilt Disease Resistance

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglong Chu ◽  
Chuyan Wang ◽  
Zhumei Li ◽  
Haihua Wang ◽  
Yuguo Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis Carr ◽  
The Relationship

Pine wilt disease (PWD), a worldwide threat to pine forests, has caused tremendous damage to conifer forest in the world. However, little research has been conducted on the relationship between symbiosis functions of root associated fungi and pine wilt disease. In this study, we assessed the influence of seven ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) and five dark septate endophytic fungi (DSE) on the growth traits and root morphology as well as the correlation of these parameters to the cumulative mortality and the morbidity rates in Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.showed the lowest cumulative mortality rates. We propose that the ECMF/DSE symbiosis enhanced the resistance of pine wilt disease via mitigation the dysfunction of water caused by PWN infection. Our research provided evidence that inoculation of ECMF/DSE could be a potential way for pine wilt disease prevention. To find highly efficient fungi for pine wilt disease management, more ECMF and DSE species should be tested.

scholarly journals Forest floor manipulation effects on the relationship between aggregate stability and ectomycorrhizal fungi

2021 ◽  
pp. 119873
Author(s):  
David L. Dick ◽  
Terrence G. Gardner ◽  
Juan P. Frene ◽  
Joshua L. Heitman ◽  
Eric B. Sucre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Effective Molecular Identification of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Revisiting DNA Isolation Methods

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Janowski ◽  
Robin Wilgan ◽  
Tomasz Leski ◽  
Leszek Karliński ◽  
Maria Rudawska
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Purification Methods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dna Isolation Protocol

A better understanding of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis leads to numerous advancements in forest management and environmental protection. The morphological identification of the ectomycorrhizae often proves to be misleading. For this reason, in order to study the ectomycorrhizal fungi communities, a number of molecular methods that require the isolation of nucleic acids are being used. However, ectomycorrhizal root tips, low mass heterogenic material rich in inhibitors, are a recalcitrant substrate in DNA isolation. It is common for published studies to include some number of unidentified root tips in their results, in spite of diverse isolation protocols being available to researchers. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the collected fungal material and later isolation results, and to propose a DNA isolation protocol specifically optimized for ectomycorrhizal root tips. It was found that the taxonomic position can be used to predict the potential isolation efficiency, with Ascomycota being generally more difficult from which to isolate DNA. After a number of cell lysis and lysate purification methods were evaluated, the joined approach of mechanical and chemical lysis, followed by silica column purification, was found to provide the best results, even with recalcitrant material.

scholarly journals Towards a general theory of landscape systems: the integration of the geoecological and bioecological approaches

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neven Tandarić
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Landscape Ecology ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Abiotic Environment ◽  
Landscape Research ◽  
Human Use ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Ever since its beginnings, landscape ecology has been developing in two different directions: the bioecological and the geoecological. While the bioecological approach is focused on the relationship between organisms and their abiotic environment, the geoecological approach is based on the relationship between human society and its, primarily abiotic, environment. Therefore, the geoecological approach can be applied in planning human use of the environment in a long term sustainable manner, while the bioecological approach could represent the basis for the planning of conservational and environmental usage. The merging of these two approaches will result in a comprehensive and more holistic landscape ecology, which will thus gain the potential for coordinating interdisciplinary landscape research and a more prominent role in contributing to spatial planning. The merge will also enhance attempts to create a general theory of landscape systems.

scholarly journals The effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi and bacteria on pine seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Dahm ◽  
Edward Strzelczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Ciesielska ◽  
Katarzyna Redlak
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Hebeloma Crustuliniforme ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of ecomycorrhizal fungi (<i>Hebelon crustuliniforme</i>(Bull.: Fr.) Quél. 5392 and <i> Pisolithus tinctorius</i> (Pers.) Coker et Couch 5335) and bacteria (<i>Bacillus polymyxa</i> and <i>Azospirillum brasilense</i>). associated with mycorrhizas on the growth of pine seedligs was investigated. In addition the influence of bacteria on fungal biomass production and the relationship between ectomycorrhizal fungi and fungi pathogenic to root of pine seedlings were determined. In general, the shoot/root ratio was higher in plants inoculated with <i>Hebeloma crustuliniforme</i> and bacteria than in the control seedlings (grown only under sterile conditions). In non-sterile substrate the root/shoot ratio of the mycorrhizal seedlings was lower as compared to the control. Similar phenomenon was noted in plants inoculated with the mycorrhizal fungus <i>Pisolithus tinetorius</i>. The bacteria used as well as the time of introduction of these organisms into the cultures of mycorrhiza fungi affected the production of fungal biomass. <i>Hebeloma crustuliniforme</i> and <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i> inhibited the growth of <i>Rizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> fungi pathogenic to pine seedlings.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

Tinkering with cognitive gadgets: Cultural evolutionary psychology meets active inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Badcock ◽  
Axel Constant ◽  
Maxwell James Désormeau Ramstead
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cognitive Gadgets offers a new, convincing perspective on the origins of our distinctive cognitive faculties, coupled with a clear, innovative research program. Although we broadly endorse Heyes’ ideas, we raise some concerns about her characterisation of evolutionary psychology and the relationship between biology and culture, before discussing the potential fruits of examining cognitive gadgets through the lens of active inference.

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