scholarly journals Tort Law and Mass Immunization Programs: Lessons from the Polio and Flu Episodes

1977 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Franklin ◽  
Joseph E. Mais
Keyword(s):  
Tort Law ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Mass Immunization

Japanese encephalitis vaccines – needs, flaws and achievements

2008 ◽  
Vol 389 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Tauber ◽  
Shailesh Dewasthaly
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract Japanese encephalitis causes serious health problems in countries in Southeast Asia, where the causative virus is endemic. Whereas most adults living in this region have acquired immunity, children are at high risk of infection. Childhood mass immunization programs with first-generation mouse brain-derived vaccines efficiently reduced Japanese encephalitis incidence in affected countries, but immunization recommendations have mostly been abolished in Japan owing to the occurrence of severe side effects. Thus, there is a pressing need for safer vaccines to keep the disease under control. The safety profile of the current vaccines, together with the relatively low incidence, makes the risk/benefit ratio unfavorable for immunization of travelers to Southeast Asia, despite the high mortality once the clinical disease has developed. As Asian countries become increasingly popular travel destinations, the availability of well-tolerated vaccines would likely shift the ratio towards immunization. Currently, there is one second-generation inactivated cell-culture-grown vaccine in late-stage clinical development that is approaching licensing in developed countries.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1148-1149
Author(s):  
Margaret H. D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Minimum Risk ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Short Notice ◽  
Mass Immunization

The Committee on Control of Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics did not recommend the use of influenza vaccine in normal children for several reasons. First of all, such children are at minimum risk from the standpoint of mortality. Secondly, the logistics of such mass immunization programs are considerable, particularly when one notes that the immunity is relatively short-lived. In my opinion there are other reasons why this recommendation is a good one. First of all, it is difficult for the manufacturers on short notice to produce sufficient vaccine for everyone.

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