Rationing as a Proper Wartime Governmental Function

1943 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Perry H. Taft
Keyword(s):  
Governmental Function

The Software Toolkit Approach for Public Administrators

2013 ◽  
pp. 174-195
Author(s):  
Anne Permaloff ◽  
Carl Grafton
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Database Management ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Software Toolkit ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Governmental Function

Almost any governmental task employing a computer can be accomplished more efficiently with a variety of tools rather than any single tool. Basic tools for inclusion in the software toolkit are word processing, spreadsheets, statistics, and database management programs. Beyond these, presentation graphics, optical character recognition (OCR), and scheduling software can be helpful depending upon the job at hand. This chapter concerns computer applications and information technology in government. It could have been organized by public administration task such as human resource management or budgeting, but each governmental function uses several software tools that are not unique to that function. Thus a human resource manager uses word processing software and probably a spreadsheet and a database management program. The same could be said of someone involved in budgeting. This example suggests that a tool kit approach that concentrates on software type is a more useful way to organize this subject matter. Topics covered in this chapter include: word processing and desktop publishing, spreadsheets, statistics packages, database management, presentation software, project planning software, graphics for illustrations, optical character recognition, network applications, and geographic information systems. Since most readers are likely to have substantial word processing experience, it would be unproductive to devote much space to word processing per se. The same applies to searching the Web. At the opposite extreme, Web page creation programs are too complex to discuss here. <BR>

3. Governmental Structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-112
Author(s):  
Robert Schütze
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Governmental Function ◽  
Us Constitution ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Internal Procedures

This chapter examines the internal composition, internal powers, and internal procedures of the European Parliament, the European Council, and the Council of Ministers. It begins by looking at the role of the separation-of-powers principle in the European Union. Unlike the US Constitution, the EU Treaties do not discuss each institution within the context of one governmental function. Instead, each institution has ‘its’ article in the Treaty on European Union, whose first section then describes the combination of governmental functions in which it partakes. The European Treaties have thus ‘set up a system for distributing powers among different [Union] institutions’. And it is this conception of the separation-of-powers principle that informs Article 13(2) TEU. The provision is thus known as the principle of interinstitutional balance.

Evaluating Architectural Design Review

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Stamps
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Design Review ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Difference Formula ◽  
Governmental Function ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference ◽  
The Aesthetic

Architectural design review is a method of environmental management which is widely used bv governmental agencies in both the United States and in Great Britain. Because design review is a governmental function, there is a major need to assess how well it works Research covering over 29,000 respondents and 5,600 environmental scenes suggests that scientific protocols can be adapted to provide an accurate and efficient design review protocol. The protocol uses preference experiments to find the standardized mean difference ([Formula: see text]) between a proposed project and a random sample of existing projects. Values of d will indicate whether the project will increase, maintain, or diminish the aesthetic merit of the sampled area. The protocol is illustrated by applying it to the case of design review for a single residence. Implications for further implementations are discussed.

Unemployment Assistance in Great Britain

1937 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-454
Author(s):  
Paul Tutt Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Local Government ◽  
National Government ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
Law System ◽  
Poor Laws ◽  
National Responsibility ◽  
Governmental Function ◽  
Break Up

The British Unemployment Assistance Act of 1934 is unquestionably the most important legislative innovation in the field of public poor relief since the passage of the Elizabethan poor laws. It represents the final fruition of the movement for the “break-up” of the old poor law system, for by its provision the “break-up” is made virtually complete. In sweeping terms, it adopts the principle of national responsibility for the care of the nation's ablebodied poor, and establishes for the administration of the duties thereby thrust upon the national government a vast new machinery directly operated from Whitehall. Local responsibility for a major portion of a basic governmental function is thus completely wiped out, and the old poor law stands stripped of its essential substance and significance, a mere shell of the former system out of which grew the modern institutions of English local government.

Decentralization and the Functions of Food Regulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Alejandro E. Camacho ◽  
Robert L. Glicksman
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Safety Regulation ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
Federal Food ◽  
Governmental Function ◽  
Net Benefits

Using the federal food safety regulatory laws as examples, this chapter explores the significance of governmental function in understanding and prescribing centralized and decentralized authority. It begins by examining how recurrent criticisms of federal food safety regulation for excessive decentralization have routinely failed to consider whether the optimal degree of centralization should vary by regulatory function. It then argues that functional differentiation can provide important analytical benefits, including (1) more accurate characterizations of existing regulatory programs, (2) mitigation of practical obstacles to desirable restructuring, (3) clarification of the tradeoffs of centralized or decentralized regulatory structures, and (4) illumination of alternative options for situating authority at different points on the centralization dimension. Finally, it contends that functional analysis can help policymakers improve the net benefits of choices along the centralization/decentralization dimension by identifying appropriate organizational choices along the other two dimensions for allocating authority.

The Construction of China's Ethnic Politicians on Legislative Powers in North Sumatera Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Rudi Salam Sinaga Sinaga ◽  
Waluyo Handoko ◽  
Khairunnisah Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Governmental Function ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Modern Era

This study departs from the general perception that some legislative candidates understand when campaigning in general elections promising to provide economic welfare to the community. The problem is how to bring economic welfare to the community when the governmental function is the executive's authority. This study aims to answer how the construction of ethnic minority politicians (ethnic Chinese) against the concept of legislative power. Through qualitative research methods, this study will answer research questions using deductive and interpretive data analysis. Data obtained through literature studies and interviews. The results of the research conducted show that Chinese ethnicity has constructed legislative power as a theoretical concept in the modern era but at the level of activity has a variant of skills in articulating.

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