Off-Duty Time

1953 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1412
Author(s):  
M. Skwarko
Keyword(s):  
Duty Time

Hardware Design of a New Instrument to Control the Heat Pulse and Measure the Temperature of Stratum

2012 ◽  
Vol 614-615 ◽  
pp. 1422-1426
Author(s):  
Cang Xu Feng ◽  
Zhen Shui Liu ◽  
Xiao Cui
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Heat Pulse ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Communication Interface ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temperature Measure ◽  
Duty Time

In this work, we report the design of a new instrument including one heat pulse circuit and three temperature measure circuits. Heat pulse control circuit can control the heating time of heater strip. The heating power is 0.5W and the duty time of every heat pulse is 8s. Three temperature measure circuits can measure the change of stratum’s temperature before and after accurately. The temperature resolution is 0.001°C, precision is 0.01°C and sampling rate is 1 Hz. The instrument can save the temperature data for every measure process. It is also provided with the data communication interface. The data saved in the instrument can export to computer through the interface. The instrument can measure the stratum’s temperature easily and reliably. The instrument will play a role in the studies of hydrogeology and environmental geology besides the application of Shallow Geothermal heat

Target Detection, Rifle Marksmanship, and Mood during Three Hours of Simulated Sentry Duty

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 1414-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Johnson ◽  
Donna J. McMenemy
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Detection Time ◽  
Target Speed ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Duty Time ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sentry duty time on the soldier's speed of detection of visually presented targets, his ability to hit targets (rifle marksmanship), and his mood. Prior to the test day, each of eight subjects was given five days of training on the Weaponeer Rifle Marksmanship Simulator and was familiarized with the targets to be presented during testing. The test session lasted three hours, during which time the subject assumed a standing foxhole position and monitored the target scene of the Weaponeer. The Weaponeer M16A1 modified rifle lay next to the subject at chest height. When a pop-up target appeared, the subject pressed a telegraph key, lifted the rifle, aimed, and fired at the target. Speed of target detection was measured in terms of the time required by the subject to press the telegraph key in response to the presentation of the target. Marksmanship was measured in terms of number of targets hit. Target detection time and rifle marksmanship were averaged every 30 minutes. At the end of the test session, the subject completed the Profile of Mood States rating scale. The results showed that target detection time deteriorated with time on sentry duty; impairments were not evident within the first hour but were clearly evident by 1.5 hours. Marksmanship remained constant over time; soldiers were just as accurate in hitting the targets at the end of the 3 hours of sentry duty as they were at the beginning. Whereas the soldier's predominant mood during baseline practice sessions was one of vigor, during sentry duty the predominant mood was one of fatigue. The results of this study suggest that sentry duty performance may be optimized if it is limited to one hour or less.

The Prevalence of Occupational Injuries in EMTs in New England

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Schwartz ◽  
Lionel Benson ◽  
Lenworth M. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Emergency Medical Technicians ◽  
Eye Injury ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Back Injuries ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Duty Time ◽  
High Educational

AbstractObjective:To characterize the prevalence and morbidity of injuries to emergency medical technicians EMTs) in New England [United States].Design:A survey was mailed to a 2% random sample of all registered EMTs in the six New England States. The identity of the EMTs remained anonymous, and a second mailing was used to improve return rate. The EMTs were requested to recall events that occurred during the previous six months.Results:A total of 439 of the 786 (56%) surveys were returned representing 13,875 hours of duty time in the six-month period. Seventy one percent of the EMTs were male with a mean age of 35 years. Sixty-six percent were basic-EMTs. Injury attack rates (number of injuries/100 EMTs/6 months) were: stress, 11.2; back, 10.5; extremity, 9.8; assault, 8.4; ambulance collision, 4.1; hearing loss, 2.5; and eye injury, 1.4. Twelve percent of the EMTs were injured more than once in the six-month period. The paramedics more frequently were involved in ambulance collisions, suffered from stress, and were less likely to injure their back. There were minor interstate differences. Disability due to back injury affected 2.5% of those surveyed, four EMTs lost duty time secondary to an assault, and 0.5% of the EMTs were out of work due to stress.Conclusions:This survey begins to characterize the occupational risks of EMTs. The prevalence of back injuries, assault, stress, and extremity injuries seems to be too high. Educational programs and preventive interventions should be designed to minimize back injuries, stress, and assault. There is a need for more research nationwide in order to better characterize these injuries.

scholarly journals Time is of the essence: an observational time-motion study of internal medicine residents while they are on duty

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e49-70
Author(s):  
Cameron Leafloor ◽  
Erin (Yiran) Liu ◽  
Cathy Code ◽  
Heather Lochnan ◽  
Erin Keely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Internal Medicine Residents ◽  
Communication Time ◽  
Duty Time

Background: The effects of changes to resident physician duty hours need to be measureable. This time-motion study was done to record internal medicine residents’ workflow while on duty and to determine the feasibility of capturing detailed data using a mobile electronic tool.Methods: Junior and senior residents were shadowed by a single observer during six-hour blocks of time, covering all seven days. Activities were recorded in real-time. Eighty-nine activities grouped into nine categories were determined a priori.Results: A total of 17,714 events were recorded, encompassing 516 hours of observation. Time was apportioned in the following categories: Direct Patient Care (22%), Communication (19%), Personal tasks (15%), Documentation (14%), Education (13%), Indirect care (11%), Transit (6%), Administration (0.6%), and Non-physician tasks (0.4%). Nineteen percent of the education time was spent in self-directed learning activities. Only 9% of the total on duty time was spent in the presence of patients. Sixty-five percent of communication time was devoted to information transfer. A total of 968 interruptions were recorded which took on average 93.5 seconds each to service.Conclusion: Detailed recording of residents’ workflow is feasible and can now lead to the measurement of the effects of future changes to residency training. Education activities accounted for 13% of on-duty time. 

scholarly journals Crew Scheduling Considering both Crew Duty Time Difference and Cost on Urban Rail System

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenliang Zhou ◽  
Xia Yang ◽  
Lianbo Deng ◽  
Jin Qin
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Crew Scheduling ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Mathematical Programming Model ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Train Services ◽  
Duty Time

Urban rail crew scheduling problem is to allocate train services to crews based on a given train timetable while satisfying all the operational and contractual requirements. In this paper, we present a new mathematical programming model with the aim of minimizing both the related costs of crew duty and the variance of duty time spreads. In addition to iincorporating the commonly encountered crew scheduling constraints, it also takes into consideration the constraint of arranging crews having a meal in the specific meal period of one day rather than after a minimum continual service time. The proposed model is solved by an ant colony algorithm which is built based on the construction of ant travel network and the design of ant travel path choosing strategy. The performances of the model and the algorithm are evaluated by conducting case study on Changsha urban rail. The results indicate that the proposed method can obtain a satisfactory crew schedule for urban rails with a relatively small computational time.

PAHs Exposure Assessment for Traffic Police Officers During Duty Time in Tianjin, China

Epidemiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S459-S460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Hu ◽  
L Zhang ◽  
Z Bai ◽  
T Zhu ◽  
L Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
Duty Time

Crew Assignment with Duty Time Limits for Transport Services: Tight Multicommodity Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anantaram Balakrishnan ◽  
Prakash Mirchandani ◽  
Sifeng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Integer Optimization ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Time Limits ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Problem Instances ◽  
Duty Time

Modeling Crew Assignments for Urban Transport Services Using Differentiated Flows Public transit agencies need to judiciously deploy their limited crew members to operate numerous daily scheduled services, while meeting duty and working time regulations for each crew member. Since crew costs account for a large portion of the organizations’ operating expenses, minimizing the total crew and transfer costs is very important. But, with hundreds of daily trips and millions of possible crew itineraries, optimizing trip-to-crew assignment decisions is challenging. In “Crew Assignment with Duty Time Limits for Transport Services: Tight Multicommodity Models,” Balakrishnan, Mirchandani, and Lin propose a novel integer optimization model that represents itineraries as multicommodity flows, differentiated by first trip and depot, to capture the duty time limits and incorporate additional requirements such as selecting equitable schedules. The authors show that this compact model can be tighter than previous formulations, further strengthen the model, and propose a restricted optimization approach combined with an optimality test to generate near-optimal solutions quickly. Extensive computational tests using well-known and real-life problem instances show that the proposed model and solution approach can be very effective in practice.

Sports and Recreational Injuries in Relation to Lost Duty Time Among Deployed U.S. Marine Corps Personnel

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Snell ◽  
Terry L. Conway ◽  
Michael R. Galarneau ◽  
Kimberly H. Quinn ◽  
James M. Zouris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Corps ◽  
Duty Time
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