Johann Gottfried Schmauk: German-American Music Educator

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Edward C. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
American Music ◽  
Music Instruction ◽  
Parochial Schools ◽  
Lutheran Education ◽  
German American ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into

German influence was especially strong in the development of nineteenth-century American music education. Some of this influence came from the many German Lutheran parochial schools, churches, and singing schools. Even small congregations customarily supported a schoolmaster-organist, and since the positions of schoolmaster, precentor, choir director, and organist overlapped, music inevitably received prominence in Lutheran education. Johann Gottfried Schmauk was a leading schoolmaster-organist in Phila-delphia from 1819 to 1842 and was instrumental in introducing Pestalozzian methods to German-American music instruction. Schmauk's tunebooks, with their theoretical introductions, received widespread use during the mid-nineteenth century, and these books provide an insight into the methods of vocal music instruction in America at that time as well as evidence of the musical competence that was expected of the old German-American school-masters.

Swiss-German Music Books in the Mason-McConathy Collection: Accounts from Europe to the United States

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Sondra Wieland Howe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Music Education ◽  
School System ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Music ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
Music Books

This article describes an examination of the Swiss-German music books in the Luther Whiting Mason—Osbourne McConathy Collection, undertaken to learn about music education in nineteenth-century Switzerland and its influence on American music education. Pfeiffer and Nägeli introduced Pestalozzi's ideas to Swiss schools, teaching the elements of music separately and introducing sounds before symbols. Swiss educators in the mid-1800s published numerous songbooks and teachers' manuals for an expanding school system. Foreign travelers praised the teaching of Schäublin in Basel. In Zurich, a cultural center with choruses for men and women, music directors continued to produce materials for schools and community choruses in the 1800s. Because travelers like Luther Whiting Mason purchased these books, Swiss ideas on music education spread to other European countries and the United States.

Planning and Preparation for Instruction

2019 ◽  
pp. 393-418
Author(s):  
Ryan D. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Teacher Practices ◽  
Lesson Planning ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Music Instruction ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
The Many ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
Educational Paradigms ◽  
Planning Approaches

This chapter discusses lesson planning in music education. Such a discussion is necessary to better understand the unique contexts and challenges surrounding preparation for music instruction. An investigation of both historical elements—broad educational paradigms that shape planning approaches, past research on teacher practices, and beliefs outside of music—and contemporary scholarship on planning is essential to this understanding. Therefore, the chapter first reviews key movements that contextualize lesson planning concepts. Next, it discusses research on teacher lesson planning, both outside and within music education. The examination then turns to alternative lesson planning models and offers recommendations for engaging preservice educators with lesson planning. To conclude, the chapter discusses the many persistent questions surrounding music preparation and planning.

Music Instruction at Selected State Normal Schools during the Nineteenth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-439
Author(s):  
Phillip M. Hash
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Music Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Music Instruction ◽  
School Students ◽  
Normal School ◽  
Normal Schools ◽  
K 12

The purpose of this study was to explore music instruction in selected normal schools of the United States during the nineteenth century. The sample consisted of all eighteen state normal schools organized before the end of the U.S. Civil War and provided insight into the earliest period of music at these institutions. Research questions focused on normal school music (a) faculty, (b) curricula, and (c) diploma/degree programs, as well as (d) influence on the teaching profession, normal school students, and society at large. Normal schools prepared future classroom teachers and eventually specialists to teach music to K–12 students throughout the United States. They also helped professionalize the role of music teacher, solidify music’s place in K–12 curricula, and improve the efficacy of instruction among America’s youth. The preparation normal schools provided contributed to the national culture and the ability of average citizens to experience music as both listeners and performers. Although teacher education has evolved a great deal since the nineteenth century, practices related to music instruction in state normals during this time might hold implications for solving current problems in music education and preparing generalists and specialists today.

Gazing on the Past (and Being Photobombed by Children)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Crawford ◽  
Katharina Ulmschneider
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into

Archaeologists often ignore the presence of children as a contributing factor in the archaeological record. However, recent analysis of a number of glass plate and film photographs taken by archaeologists at the end of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century shows that children were often incorporated into the photograph, either deliberately or inadvertently. These images provide not just a record of ancient sites and monuments, but also of the many local children who appear in the photographs. The children recorded by archaeologists offer an insight into children, their childhoods, their freedoms, and their place in society across a range of cultures in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, as well as raising questions about how archaeologists ‘saw’ the human subject in photographs where monuments and sites were the object.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Issue

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Katherine K. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Music ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

The history of music in nineteenth-century America, and the place of music within American culture of the period, is an area of scholarly inquiry that recently has received increased attention. It is also, as the varied articles collected in this issue illustrate, a complex topic and an area ripe for much additional research. The four articles deal with different aspects of nineteenth-century American music history and culture; in each, however, there are also areas of overlap and intersection. All four authors use as a starting point issues that have already been the subject of some scholarly attention, and examine these topics either more thoroughly or from a new theoretical or contextual point of view. The resulting aggregate should help readers to understand better a complicated and under-explored world, for all four articles highlight the complexity of musical life in America and explore some of the many ways that cultural life in the United States reflected and resonated with that of Europe. All four authors, furthermore, either hint at or explicitly mention areas that are ripe for further research.

Brighton Fair: The Life, Death, and Legacy of an Animal Suburb

2021 ◽  
pp. 009614422110181
Author(s):  
Andrew Robichaud
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Many ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Social Landscapes ◽  
Insight Into

This paper explores the development and legacy of nineteenth-century “animal suburbs,” focusing on Boston and Brighton, Massachusetts. As domesticated animals were pushed from downtowns—and as large-scale animal industries emerged in the 1800s—urban areas grappled with what to do with livestock populations for urban consumers and markets. Animal suburbs like Brighton marked important developmental forms—marking key changes in human-animal relationships, and also in urban development, law, politics, and environmental change. These animal suburbs had distinctive built environments, ecologies, economies, and social landscapes that shaped development in the nineteenth century and in the many decades that followed. This paper explores the life and death of one animal suburb—Brighton—and shows the centrality of these marginal spaces in explaining why parts of American cities look the way they do today, while also providing insight into developments of nineteenth-century law, political development, and capitalism.

John Clare and the Ghosts of Natures Past

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Bewell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
John Clare ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into

Alan Bewell, “John Clare and the Ghosts of Natures Past” (pp. 548–578) This essay seeks to read John Clare's poetry in terms of the poetry of exile. Clare directly confronted what it means to lose one's place in the world, to be exiled from a place not because you have left it, but because it has left you. No Romantic poet wrote more passionately than Clare about the joy of experiencing nature in all its immediacy, and no poet argued more strongly for its permanence and continuity across generations, and yet few poets have conveyed in more poignant terms what it means to lose one's nature for good. This paper considers Clare as a poet who writes about what it means to experience the end of nature and to live on long after the nature that one took to be basic to one's life was gone. Although for many people during the nineteenth century such an idea was unthinkable, for many others, especially in colonial contexts, it was a fact of life. Alongside the many new natures that were coming into being at this time, others were being destroyed or utterly changed. Clare's poetry gives us some insight into what it meant to at least one author to survive the death of one's nature.

Mystic Fusion: Baudelaire and le sentiment du beau

PMLA ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 1127-1136
Author(s):  
Catherine B. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Personality ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Complete Interpretation

CHARLES BAUDELAIRE'S magnificent poetry has aroused constant speculation on his esthetic theory. Critics have felt that an understanding of his esthetics would give a clearer understanding of his poetic technique; this in turn would lead to a more complete appreciation of the beauty of his poetry. He has also left sufficient remarks, if unsystematized and indeed often contradictory, to pique the curiosity of the critic and to suggest various interpretations of his philosophy. His poetry, a consistent interpretation of his theoretical explanations, and the literary climate in which he lived all lead me to believe that his esthetic doctrine is built upon le sentiment du beau. His “définition du Beau,” his “théorie rationnelle et historique du beau,” his “Beau bizzare” all need le sentiment du beau to resolve their contradictions and their ambiguities. More important, this esthetic doctrine is applicable to all of his poetry: it permits a finer appreciation of both the Christian and the Satanic poems and also of the poems that are neither. It maintains the essential esthetic value absent in the many psychological interpretations. It affords more insight into his poetry than a doctrine of metaphor; it permits a more complete interpretation than the theory that his art is based on a fusion of the spiritual and the material. And there is evidence that Baudelaire's theory of the esthetic feeling not only was a logical development of early nineteenth-century esthetics but was under open discussion among the younger poets of the middle of the century. For Baudelaire did know to his satisfaction what this sentiment du beau is: he understood it to be a perfect fusion of the three modes of the human personality—sensation, feeling, and thought. “Il me serait trop facile de disserter subtilement sur la composition symétrique ou équilibrée, sur la pondération des tons, sur le ton chaud et le ton froid, etc. ? vanité! Je préfère parler au nom du sentiment, de la morale et du plaisir.”1

Ferdinand Pelzer: An Introduction To A Neglected Achievement

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Stuart W. Button
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
National System ◽  
English Music

This article attempts to identify and evaluate the contribution made by Ferdinand Pelzer to English music education. Since the mid-nineteenth century Pelzer's work as a music teacher has largely been neglected; yet research into contemporary accounts suggests that his method of teaching singing was comparatively more successful than those of Mainzer, Wilhem and Hullah.Dr Button also explains Pelzer's method, setting it against a background of growing interest in vocal music, the establishment of the first national system of education, and the adoption of the Wilhem–Hullah music system for use in elementary schools.

Clothing in Context — Nineteenth-Century Dress and Textiles in the Thomas Hardy Archive

Costume ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
Famous People ◽  
Tess Of The D'urbervilles ◽  
Textiles And Clothing ◽  
Insight Into

This article will consider how dress, textiles, manuscripts and images in the Thomas Hardy Archive illuminate his writing and reveal the accuracy of his descriptions of clothing in novels including Far from the Madding Crowd and Tess of the D'Urbervilles. Rural clothing, fashionable styles, drawings and illustrations will shed new light on his writing through providing an insight into the people's dress he described so eloquently in his writing. The textiles and clothing in the Archive are also significant as nineteenth-century working-class dress is relatively rare. Everyday rural clothing does not tend to survive, so a collection belonging to Hardy's family of country stonemasons provides new opportunities for research in this area. Even more unusual is clothing reliably provenanced to famous people or writers, and such garments that do exist tend to be from the middle or upper classes. This article will show how the combination of surviving dress, biographical context and literary framework enriches understanding of Hardy's words and informs research into nineteenth-century rural dress.

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