Stability of the Federal System in Nigeria: Elite Attitudes at the Constituent Assembly toward the Creation of New States

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Dean E. McHenry
Keyword(s):  
Federal System ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
New States ◽  
The Creation

Le armi dotte e la Rivoluzione francese: riformismo, elitismo e meritocrazia

2012 ◽  
pp. 41-63
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cuccoli
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Public Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
State Corporation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
École Polytechnique ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Revolution

The article focuses on the evolution of the military technical corps in France between the mid-Eighteenth century and the Restoration, and proposes for them the notion of "State corporation". This phase - an intermediate one between the corps de métier and the corps d'État - was attained first by the engineers and the artillery. These corps selected their officers by competitive examination, which functioned both as an intellectual filter and a social one. The distinction generated by this filter - nurtured by an elitist approach based on meritocracy was not overridden by the Revolution. On the contrary, it was further consecrated by the creation of the École polytechnique, which soon became controlled by the military technical corps. The "State corporation" model was then extended through the École polytechnique to the geographical engineers and the civil public services. The institutional conflicts among the technical corps during the National Constituent Assembly and those between them and the École polytechnique (1794-1799) are analyzed along these interpretative lines. While the former show their corporative resistance of geographical engineers in the name of equality, the latter bring out their corporative resistance to external education of candidates.

scholarly journals Mapping the history of codification

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 485-508
Author(s):  
Jean Louis Halpérin
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
New States ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Civil Codes ◽  
Point Of Departure

Bentham has defended the idea of a general codification as a “map of the law” that could allow the comparison between the laws of different nations. This essay aims to use this relationship about the ideas of codifying the law and mapping the laws to think about the possibility of mapping the history of codification, taking as its point of departure the writing specialized codes - not only the civil codes. Mapping can be a means to deal with the relationships between the countries adopting a code, the opportunity to consider the relationships between the codes and the creation of new States, the national processes of unification, the adoption, the political and social revolutions and ruptures. Also, it will try to make correspondences between these phenomena in order to construct tables that could be represented through future maps.

6. The dynastic impulse in the modern world

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-116
Author(s):  
Jeroen Duindam
Keyword(s):  
Family Businesses ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
New States ◽  
The Creation

The turbulent decades around 1800 did not spell the end of dynasty, but they carried the message that alternative forms of power might in the long run gain ascendancy. While royal legitimacy was now openly contested, republics remained the exception until 1918. ‘The dynastic impulse in the modern world’ considers the breakdown of empires that led to the creation of new states, many of them monarchies. It shows how modern autocrats mimic forms of dynastic representation, promoting their families, and designating their own successors. Finally, it highlights the remarkable continuities of dynastic practice in ‘political families’ and family businesses around the world.

The League of Nations and the United States

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Laderman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
International Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
New States ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Global Affairs

Although the League of Nations was the first permanent organization established with the purpose of maintaining international peace, it built on the work of a series of 19th-century intergovernmental institutions. The destructiveness of World War I led American and British statesmen to champion a league as a means of maintaining postwar global order. In the United States, Woodrow Wilson followed his predecessors, Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft, in advocating American membership of an international peace league, although Wilson’s vision for reforming global affairs was more radical. In Britain, public opinion had begun to coalesce in favor of a league from the outset of the war, though David Lloyd George and many of his Cabinet colleagues were initially skeptical of its benefits. However, Lloyd George was determined to establish an alliance with the United States and warmed to the league idea when Jan Christian Smuts presented a blueprint for an organization that served that end. The creation of the League was a predominantly British and American affair. Yet Wilson was unable to convince Americans to commit themselves to membership in the new organization. The Franco-British-dominated League enjoyed some early successes. Its high point was reached when Europe was infused with the “Spirit of Locarno” in the mid-1920s and the United States played an economically crucial, if politically constrained, role in advancing Continental peace. This tenuous basis for international order collapsed as a result of the economic chaos of the early 1930s, as the League proved incapable of containing the ambitions of revisionist powers in Europe and Asia. Despite its ultimate limitations as a peacekeeping body, recent scholarship has emphasized the League’s relative successes in stabilizing new states, safeguarding minorities, managing the evolution of colonies into notionally sovereign states, and policing transnational trafficking; in doing so, it paved the way for the creation of the United Nations.

scholarly journals The force of ideals. Creation of liberal states, political constitutions and democratic transformation / A força dos ideais. Criação de estados liberais, constituições políticas e transformação democrática

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Capel
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
New States ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
State Organization ◽  
Democratic Transformation

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> Manifestação do autor em colóquio onde aborda as possibilidades de transformação do Estado, a partir da criação dessas estruturas políticas, a organização territorial que foi dada no regime liberal e o valor das declarações que aparecem nas Constituições políticas elaboradas. pelos novos estados que foram constituídos nos séculos XIX e XX.</p><p><strong>Palavras-Chaves:</strong> Estado; Organização; Constituição.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Manifestation of the author in colloquium where he addresses the possibilities of transformation of the State, from the creation of these political structures, the territorial organization that was given in the liberal regime and the value of the declarations that appear in the elaborated political Constitutions. by the new states that were constituted in the 19th and 20th centuries.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> State; Organization; Constitution.</p><p><strong>Data da submissão: 06/02/2020</strong><br /><strong>Data da aceitação: 06/05/2020</strong></p>

New states in South Sudan could entrench patronage

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Sudan ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New States ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Security Concerns

Subject Governance in South Sudan. Significance In late 2015, President Salva Kiir ordered that the country’s ten states be redrawn to create 28 states. In January, he then ordered the creation of four more states, taking the total to 32. This is unfolding against limited outbreaks of fighting around the country, sometimes in areas which were more stable in past periods of insecurity. Kiir is trying to keep alive the Transitional Government of National Unity, formed out of the 2015 peace agreement but jeopardised by the crisis in mid-2016. Impacts Localised upsurges of fighting will continue, risking a larger crisis. Juba will watch for evidence of Sudanese or Ethiopian support for Machar that may exacerbate security concerns. No one has the power to topple Kiir, except potentially for a senior military figure in Juba. The creation of new states will do little for the prospects of needed investment and development.

scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO THE THEORIES OF RECOGNITION OF NEW STATES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Анвар Хасанов ◽  
Anvar Khasanov
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Mixed Theory ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
New States ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Jus Cogens

The article examines the problem of recognition of new states in international law. The author considers the concept, sources, theories, criteria of the institution of recognition of new states. The author analyzes various theories of the Institute of recognition of states, taking into account the provisions of the international law doctrine and practice. The author notes that at the present stage of development of the institute of recognition we should be guided by the mixed theory of recognition as the most corresponding to international law, and by States’ practice. The author discloses criteria for the recognition of States enshrined in international legal acts. At the same time, the author singles out the criterion of the legality of new states’ emergence. The conclusion is that the creation of a new State as a subject of international law is legitimate, if its appearance corresponds to the fundamental principles of international law. The appearance of a new state must not violate the mandatory principles of international law jus cogens, otherwise, a territorial formation can not claim to be internationally recognized and must be considered from the point of view of international law as illegally created.

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