Coinoculation of Borrelia spp. with Tick Salivary Gland Lysate Enhances Spirochete Load in Mice and Is Tick Species-Specific

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Zeidner ◽  
B. S. Schneider ◽  
M. S. Nuncio ◽  
L. Gern ◽  
J. Piesman
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Spirochete Load

Coinoculation of Borrelia spp. with Tick Salivary Gland Lysate Enhances Spirochete Load in Mice and Is Tick Species–Specific

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1276-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Zeidner ◽  
B. S. Schneider ◽  
M. S. Nuncio ◽  
L. Gern ◽  
J. Piesman
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Spirochete Load

In vitro splenocyte proliferation responses of BALB/c mice to salivary gland extracts of three ixodid tick species (Acari: Ixodidae)

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Kazimírová ◽  
Terézia Rolníková ◽  
Emília Dvorožňáková ◽  
Milan Buc
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
In Vitro Proliferation ◽  
Murine Splenocytes ◽  
Ifn Γ

AbstractIn vitro proliferation and cytokine production were investigated in BALB/c mice splenic cell cultures that were stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and simultaneously exposed to salivary gland extracts (SGE) of unfed and partially fed adult ixodid ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Amblyomma variegatum). Generally, tick SGE enhanced proliferation of unstimulated splenocytes and SGE of unfed ticks suppressed mitogen induced proliferation. Partially fed R. appendiculatus and A. variegatum suppressed ConA responses, while partially fed I. ricinus stimulated both ConA and LPS induced proliferation. A. variegatum and R. appendiculatus females slightly enhanced LPS responses 2 days after attachment but suppressed them at the end of the slow feeding phase. In 72 h ConA induced cell cultures, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production was suppressed by SGE of all ticks, interleukin (IL)-10 production was enhanced by unfed I. ricinus and partially fed A. variegatum males and IL-5 production was enhanced by feeding R. appendiculatus females and A. variegatum males. The study revealed variability in the responsiveness of murine splenocytes to SGE of different ixodid tick species, whereby patterns of host immunomodulation within one tick species differed between sexes and changed during feeding.

scholarly journals AC–DC electropenetrography unmasks fine temporal details of feeding behaviors for two tick species on unsedated hosts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Reif ◽  
Elaine A. Backus
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Amblyomma Americanum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Tick Feeding ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractTicks are significant nuisance pests and vectors of pathogens for humans, companion animals, and livestock. Limited information on tick feeding behaviors hampers development and rigorous evaluation of tick and tick-borne pathogen control measures. To address this obstacle, the present study examined the utility of AC–DC electropenetrography (EPG) to monitor feeding behaviors of adult Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum in real-time. EPG recording was performed during early stages of slow-phase tick feeding using an awake calf host. Both tick species exhibited discernable and stereotypical waveforms of low-, medium-, and high-frequencies. Similar waveform families and types were observed for both tick species; however, species-specific waveform structural differences were also observed. Tick waveforms were hierarchically categorized into three families containing seven types. Some waveform types were conserved by both species (e.g., Types 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c) while others were variably performed among species and individually recorded ticks (e.g., Types 1a, 2a, 2d). This study provides a proof-of-principle demonstration of the feasibility for using EPG to monitor, evaluate, and compare tick feeding behaviors, providing a foundation for future studies aimed at correlating specific feeding behaviors with waveforms, and ultimately the influence of control measures and pathogens on tick feeding behaviors.

scholarly journals Identification of an Ixodes ricinus salivary gland fraction through its ability to stimulate CD4 T cells present in BALB/c mice lymph nodes draining the tick fixation site

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. GANAPAMO ◽  
B. RUTTI ◽  
M. BROSSARD
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Species Specific

BALB/c mice infested with larvae or nymphs of Ixodes ricinus develop in their lymph nodes a T cell-specific immune response triggered by salivary gland soluble antigens (SGA). SGA are apparently conserved in the 3 biological stages of I. ricinus ticks and are species specific. SGA derived from partially fed females I. ricinus stimulate lymph node T cells from mice infested with I. ricinus larvae or nymphs. In contrast, lymph node cells from mice infested with Amblyomma hebraeum nymphs do not respond. A chromatographic fraction enriched with a 65 kDa protein (IrSG65) isolated from salivary glands of I. ricinus partially fed females induces in vitro a specific T cell proliferation of lymph node cells from mice infested with I. ricinus nymphs. The depletion of CD4+ T cells drastically reduces the ability of lymphocytes from infested mice to proliferate after IrSG65 stimulation.

scholarly journals The Unexpected Holiday Souvenir: The Public Health Risk to UK Travellers from Ticks Acquired Overseas

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7957
Author(s):  
Emma L. Gillingham ◽  
Benjamin Cull ◽  
Maaike E. Pietzsch ◽  
L. Paul Phipps ◽  
Jolyon M. Medlock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Travel History ◽  
The Public ◽  
Overseas Travel ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Uk

Overseas travel to regions where ticks are found can increase travellers’ exposure to ticks and pathogens that may be unfamiliar to medical professionals in their home countries. Previous studies have detailed non-native tick species removed from recently returned travellers, occasionally leading to travel-associated human cases of exotic tick-borne disease. There are 20 species of tick endemic to the UK, yet UK travellers can be exposed to many other non-native species whilst overseas. Here, we report ticks received by Public Health England’s Tick Surveillance Scheme from humans with recent travel history between January 2006 and December 2018. Altogether, 16 tick species were received from people who had recently travelled overseas. Confirmed imports (acquired outside of the UK) were received from people who recently travelled to 22 countries. Possible imports (acquired abroad or within the UK) were received from people who had recently travelled to eight European countries. Species-specific literature reviews highlighted nine of the sixteen tick species are known to vector at least one tick-borne pathogen to humans in the country of acquisition, suggesting travellers exposed to ticks may be at risk of being bitten by a species that is a known vector, with implications for novel tick-borne disease transmission to travellers.

Species-specific antigens in salivary glands of phlebotomine sandflies

Parasitology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. VOLF ◽  
I. ROHOUšOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phlebotomus Papatasi ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Species Specific

Saliva inoculated by sandfly females during feeding stimulated production of high levels of anti-saliva antibodies. To determine whether 3 species of the genus Phlebotomus have species-specific salivary antigens we performed dot-blots and immunoblots using sera from mice, hamsters and rabbits repeatedly bitten by sandflies. Important differences were found in the antigen components of the salivary gland lysates (SGL) of Phlebotomus papatasi, P. perniciosus and P. halepensis. In total 4–9 species-specific antigens were detected in each species by immunoblotting. Cross-reactivity was not detected between P. papatasi and the other species tested; in the SGL of P. papatasi sera from animals bitten by this species recognized 5–7 major antigens while sera from animals bitten by other species did not react. A weak cross-reaction was observed between P. perniciosus and P. halepensis; in SGL from P. perniciosus, the sera from rabbits and hamsters bitten by this species recognized about 8 intense bands while sera from animals bitten by P. halepensis reacted weakly with up to 4 saliva polypeptides.

Environmental agents in Lake Łuknajno (Poland) affecting the genome of Chironomus melanotus Keyl, 1961 (Diptera, Chironomidae) — a new species of Polish fauna

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Jabłońska-Barna ◽  
Ewa Szarek-Gwiazda ◽  
Paraskeva Michailova
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
New Species ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Structural Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Somatic Index ◽  
A New Species

AbstractChironomus melanotus Keyl, a new species of Polish fauna, is described on the basis of cytogenetic characteristics. It belongs to the cytocomplex thummi with the chromosome set 2n = 8, chromosome arm combinations AB CD EF G and species-specific karyotype markers.Two types (somatic and inherited) of structural chromosome rearrangements in salivary gland chromosomes were identified in the species and somatic rearrangements (heterozygous inversions, deficiencies, deletions — Somatic index — 0.54) were observed for the first time in this species. In addition to those in the mosaic state, some genome alterations — trisomy and “B” chromosome, as well as larval malformations (10.27%) were detected for a first time. The malformations and somatic structural and genome aberrations may have been caused by different stress agents in the environment. Thus, we suggest that the high spectrum of somatic rearrangements observed in C. melanotus may indicate the existence of pollution (elevated Cd and Pb concentrations) in Lake Łuknajno (the study area) and perhaps trace metals and different chemicals produced by the Chara species.

scholarly journals Difference in tick infestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kheira Lakehal ◽  
Radhwane Saidi ◽  
Farouk Benaceur ◽  
Mohammed Mokhtar Rahmani ◽  
Rachid Kaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Hyalomma Dromedarii ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato ◽  
Annual Activity ◽  
Species Specific

The aim of this study was to identify the species and parasitic indices of ticks. A flock of 57 individuals (sheep, goats, cattle and dogs) in southern Algeria was studied from March 2019 to February 2020 during monthly visits. A total of 2544 ticks were collected by examining the entire body of the animal. Two tick species were identified: Hyalomma dromedarii (2430 ticks) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (114 ticks). The first species had annual activity and consisted only of adults, while the second species had spring and summer activity and contained both adults and nymphs. At the annual level, the prevalence of infestation, abundance, and intensity were 38.60%, 44.63 and 115.64 ticks per animal, respectively. At the monthly level there were species specific fluctuations, with a peak in activity in September.

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