Factors Affecting the Virulence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Engorged Female Boophilus annulatus Ticks

2001 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
I. Glazer ◽  
E. Alekseev ◽  
M. Samish
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Boophilus Annulatus

Factors affecting the natural occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in turfgrass

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Alumai ◽  
Parwinder S. Grewal ◽  
Casey W. Hoy ◽  
David A. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Formulation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Control of Key Pests of Grapevine: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nxitywa ◽  
A.P. Malan
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chemical Residues

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are insect parasites that are used successfully as biological controlagents against key pest insects of grapevine. To achieve low chemical residues and the sustainableproduction of grapes, it is important that biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodesfor the control of grapevine insect pests be incorporated in an integrated pest management system forgrape production. However, the commercialisation and large-scale use of EPNs is limited by their shortshelf life in formulations and in storage, thus leading to poor quality and reduced efficacy against insectsin the field. In South Africa, interest in the use of EPNs within an integrated pest management system hasgrown over the past two decades, therefore developing a formulation technique with an acceptable storagesurvival period, while maintaining infectivity, is essential. Moreover, the successful control of insects usingEPNs is only achievable when the formulated product reaches the end user in good condition. This reviewis focused on the different types of formulations required for storage and ease of transport, together withthe application formulation for above-ground pests and the factors affecting them. The quality assessment,storage and handling of formulated EPNs are also discussed.

scholarly journals Patogenitas Nematoda Entomopatogen Heterorhabditis spp. Terhadap Larva Spodoptera litura

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Hawwa' Cahya Maulida ◽  
Saiku Rokhim ◽  
Erna Zahro’in
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

<p><strong>Spodoptera litura is a pest in vegetable plants that attacks the leaves and stems. Damage arising from the attack of S. litura can decrease the productivity of plants. Synthetic pesticides are often used in controlling the population of S. litura, but synthetic pesticides have a high negative impact. Potential entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis spp. believed to be effective for controlling pest populations. This study aims to find out the pathogenic value of entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis spp. to the larvae of S. litura. Based on the results obtained Heterorhabditis spp. has a positive influence in causing mortality in the larvae of S. litura. Heterorhabditis spp. mortality of up to 42%. Symptoms indicated by larvae of S. litura affected by Heterorhabditis spp. among them the behavior becomes passive, the body becomes flaccid, the cuticle turns red and the tissues inside the body are destroyed. Obtained pathogenicity value Lc 50 Heterorhabditis spp. 7,690 IJ/ml, as for the factors affecting Heterorhabditis spp. such as humidity, temperature, pH, and light intensity.</strong></p><p><em><strong>Keywords – </strong>Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Pathogenicity, Spodoptera litura</em></p>

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Factors affecting microstructural scale in liquid crystalline polymers

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Christine M. Dannels ◽  
Christopher Viney
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Planar Orientation ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Processing polymers from the liquid crystalline state offers several advantages compared to processing from conventional fluids. These include: better axial strength and stiffness in fibers, better planar orientation in films, lower viscosity during processing, low solidification shrinkage of injection moldings (thermotropic processing), and low thermal expansion coefficients. However, the compressive strength of the solid is disappointing. Previous efforts to improve this property have focussed on synthesizing stiffer molecules. The effect of microstructural scale has been overlooked, even though its relevance to the mechanical and physical properties of more traditional materials is well established. By analogy with the behavior of metals and ceramics, one would expect a fine microstructure (i..e. a high density of orientational defects) to be desirable.Also, because much microstructural detail in liquid crystalline polymers occurs on a scale close to the wavelength of light, light is scattered on passing through these materials.

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