scholarly journals Factors Affecting Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernematidae) for Control of Overwintering Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Fruit Bins

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1863-1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Lacey ◽  
Lisa G. Neven ◽  
Heather L. Headrick ◽  
Robert Fritts
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Factors Affecting

Factors affecting the natural occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in turfgrass

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Alumai ◽  
Parwinder S. Grewal ◽  
Casey W. Hoy ◽  
David A. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Factors Affecting

Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernematidae) in Conjunction with Mulches for Control of Overwintering Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Lacey ◽  
David Granatstein ◽  
Steven P. Arthurs ◽  
Heather Headrick ◽  
Robert Fritts
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Wood Chip ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Reduced Rate

Mulches were compared to test their utility for enhancing efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) applied against over-wintering codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae. Compared with bare ground, mulches may enhance control by providing cocooning sites for codling moth larvae and a substrate that is easy to treat, maintains moisture, and enhances nematode activity. Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) or S. feltiae (Filipjev) were applied at a rate of 2.5 × 109 infective juveniles (IJs)/ha against cocooned sentinel codling moth larvae in cardboard strips followed by 2 h of irrigation in plots that were covered with one of four mulches (clover, shredded paper, grass hay or wood chips) or to bare plots on 29 September 2003. Average mortalities of 97 and 98% were observed in paper-mulched plots treated with S. carpocapsae or S. feltiae IJs, respectively, compared to 80 and 76% mortality in bare plots. Larvicidal activity for S. feltiae against sentinel larvae in cardboard strips that were placed in crevices in the soil was nearly identical in all mulched and bare plots (97–100% mortality), but reduced for S. carpocapsae in wood chip and clover plots (76–79% mortality) relative to paper, grass hay and bare plots (93–97% mortality). A significant portion of sentinel larvae (25 and 14%) that were placed in crevices in the soil in hay- and paper-mulched control plots revealed the natural presence of EPNs (Heterorhabditis sp.). Applications of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae at a reduced rate of 109 IJs/ha on 20 April 2004, followed by 1 h of irrigation resulted in 13.1 and 7.4% reduction in sentinel larvae in bare plots compared to 36 and 62% in mulched plots, respectively. Applications of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae at a rate of 2.5 × 109 IJs/ha on 21 September 2004 to bare and wood chip-mulched plots followed by 1 h of irrigation resulted in 21 and 65% reduction in sentinel larvae in bare plots compared to 93 and 85% in mulched plots, respectively. Residual larvicidal activity of EPNs 3 d after applications in treated plots was low, but significant in the nonmulched plots (12–17% mortality) relative to untreated controls (1–2% mortality).

scholarly journals Formulation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Control of Key Pests of Grapevine: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nxitywa ◽  
A.P. Malan
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chemical Residues

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are insect parasites that are used successfully as biological controlagents against key pest insects of grapevine. To achieve low chemical residues and the sustainableproduction of grapes, it is important that biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodesfor the control of grapevine insect pests be incorporated in an integrated pest management system forgrape production. However, the commercialisation and large-scale use of EPNs is limited by their shortshelf life in formulations and in storage, thus leading to poor quality and reduced efficacy against insectsin the field. In South Africa, interest in the use of EPNs within an integrated pest management system hasgrown over the past two decades, therefore developing a formulation technique with an acceptable storagesurvival period, while maintaining infectivity, is essential. Moreover, the successful control of insects usingEPNs is only achievable when the formulated product reaches the end user in good condition. This reviewis focused on the different types of formulations required for storage and ease of transport, together withthe application formulation for above-ground pests and the factors affecting them. The quality assessment,storage and handling of formulated EPNs are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document