Host Recognition Behavior by Entomopathogenic Nematodes during Contact with Insect Gut Contents

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parwinder S. Grewal ◽  
Randy Gaugler ◽  
Edwin E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Host Recognition Behavior

scholarly journals Bacteria from the Midgut of Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha L.) Larvae Exhibiting Antagonistic Activity Against Bacterial Symbionts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Isolation and Molecular Identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Skowronek ◽  
Ewa Sajnaga ◽  
Małgorzata Pleszczyńska ◽  
Waldemar Kazimierczak ◽  
Magdalena Lis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Reca Gene ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Insect Gut

The mechanisms of action of the complex including entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis and their mutualistic partners, i.e., bacteria Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, have been well explained, and the nematodes have been commercialized as biological control agents against many soil insect pests. However, little is known regarding the nature of the relationships between these bacteria and the gut microbiota of infected insects. In the present study, 900 bacterial isolates that were obtained from the midgut samples of Melolontha melolontha larvae were screened for their antagonistic activity against the selected species of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus. Twelve strains exhibited significant antibacterial activity in the applied tests. They were identified based on 16S rRNA and rpoB, rpoD, or recA gene sequences as Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Citrobacter murliniae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Chryseobacterium lathyri, Chryseobacterium sp., Serratia liquefaciens, and Serratia sp. The culture filtrate of the isolate P. chlororaphis MMC3 L3 04 exerted the strongest inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria. The results of the preliminary study that are presented here, which focused on interactions between the insect gut microbiota and mutualistic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, show that bacteria inhabiting the gut of insects might play a key role in insect resistance to entomopathogenic nematode pressure.

scholarly journals Culturing-Enriched Metabarcoding Analysis of the Oryctes rhinoceros Gut Microbiome

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Matan Shelomi ◽  
Ming-Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Unculturable Bacteria ◽  
Insect Gut

Wood-feeding insects should have a source of enzymes like cellulases to digest their food. These enzymes can be produced by the insect, or by microbes living in the wood and/or inside the insect gut. The coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, is a pest whose digestive microbes are of considerable interest. This study describes the compartments of the O. rhinoceros gut and compares their microbiomes using culturing-enriched metabarcoding. Beetle larvae were collected from a coconut grove in southern Taiwan. Gut contents from the midgut and hindgut were plated on nutrient agar and selective carboxymethylcellulose agar plates. DNA was extracted from gut and fat body samples and 16S rDNA metabarcoding performed to identify unculturable bacteria. Cellulase activity tests were performed on gut fluids and microbe isolates. The midgut and hindgut both showed cellulolytic activity. Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter koseri, and the cellulolytic fungus Candida xylanilytica were cultured from both gut sections in most larvae. Metabarcoding did not find Bacillus cereus, and found that either Citrobacter koseri or Paracoccus sp. were the dominant gut microbes in any given larva. No significant differences were found between midgut and hindgut microbiomes. Bacillus cereus and Citrobacter koseri are common animal gut microbes frequently found in Oryctes rhinoceros studies while Candida xylanilytica and the uncultured Paracoccus sp. had not been identified in this insect before. Some or all of these may well have digestive functions for the beetle, and are most likely acquired from the diet, meaning they may be transient commensalists rather than obligate mutualists. Broader collection efforts and tests with antibiotics will resolve ambiguities in the beetle–microbe interactions.

Host Recognition by the Blackmargined Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Pecan

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Smith ◽  
Ray F. Severson
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Host Recognition Behavior

Leaf discs from pecan, Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, pea, Pisum sativum L., peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, and fig, Fiscus benjamina L. were presented to nymph and adult blackmargined aphids, Monellia caryella (Fitch) in no-choice and choice bioassays. Nymph longevity and developmental rates, and adult longevity and reproductive rates were significantly greater when aphids were placed on pecan than on pea, peach or fig. In no-choice bioassays, both nymph and adult aphids preferred to settle-on pecan, while they preferred to wander- or settle-off of pea, peach and fig. In choice bioassays, both nymph and adult aphids preferred to settle-on pecan than to settle-on pea, peach and fig. Analysis of pecan, pea, peach and fig leaf cuticular chemistry showed that n-alkane distribution patterns and the major cuticular components, specifically triterpenes and their oxidation products, differed among the four plant species. This study provides the first evidence within the pecan/aphid interactive system which suggests that the distinct foliar cuticular chemistry of pecan may have an influence on the host recognition behavior of M. caryella.

Forensic Genetic Analysis of Insect Gut Contents

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Carlo P. Campobasso ◽  
Jason G. Linville ◽  
Jeffrey D. Wells ◽  
Francesco Introna
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Forensic Genetic

scholarly journals Host Adaptation in Entomopathogenic Nematodes: An Approach to Enhancing Biological Control Potential

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Glazer ◽  
Randy Gaugler ◽  
Yitzhak Spiegel ◽  
Edwin Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Field Activity ◽  
Biological Control Potential ◽  
The Common

The overall objective of our research was to develop methods to match species of entomopathogenic nematodes against the insect pests which they would be best adapted to control. The underlying hypothesis for this work was that entomopathogenic nematodes should be most effective when used against insect species to which they are naturally adapted to parasitize. Toward this end, we undertook a number of related studies focusing primarily on nematode foraging strategies. We found that foraging strategies affected host associations directly and indirectly. Nematodes' responses to host cues, and the role of their sensory organs based on lectin binding, led to new approaches to determining host range for these parasites. Based on this work, we developed a laboratory bioassay of host recognition behavior designed to predict field results. We also determined that nematodes that forage in a stationary manner (ambushers) have a slower metabolic rate than do active forgers (cruisers), thus their infective stage juveniles are longer lived. This study helps predict the duration of field activity after application and may partially explain field distributions of natural populations of entomopathogenic nematodes. The common thread linking all of these studies was that they led to a deeper understanding of the associations between entomopathogenic nematodes and insects as hosts.

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