scholarly journals Chemical composition of volatiles from the syconia of Ficus microcarpa and host recognition behavior of pollinating fig wasps

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-558
Author(s):  
ZHANG Ting ◽  
◽  
WANG Bo ◽  
MIAO Bai-Ge ◽  
PENG Yan-Qiong
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Fig Wasps ◽  
Ficus Microcarpa ◽  
Host Recognition Behavior

scholarly journals Pollinator sharing and gene flow among closely related sympatric dioecious fig taxa

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1828) ◽  
pp. 20152963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Charles H. Cannon ◽  
Jin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Floral Volatiles ◽  
Fig Wasps ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Pollinator Preference ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Pollinator Sharing ◽  
Plant Diversification

Hybridization and insect pollination are widely believed to increase rates of plant diversification. The extreme diversity of figs ( Ficus ) and their obligate pollinators, fig wasps (Agaonidae), provides an opportunity to examine the possible role of pollinator-mediated hybridization in plant diversification. Increasing evidence suggests that pollinator sharing and hybridization occurs among fig taxa, despite relatively strict coevolution with the pollinating wasp. Using five sympatric dioecious fig taxa and their pollinators, we examine the degree of pollinator sharing and inter-taxa gene flow. We experimentally test pollinator preference for floral volatiles, the main host recognition signal, from different figs. All five fig taxa shared pollinators with other taxa, and gene flow occurred between fig taxa within and between sections. Floral volatiles of each taxon attracted more than one pollinator species. Floral volatiles were more similar between closely related figs, which experienced higher levels of pollinator sharing and inter-taxa gene flow. This study demonstrates that pollinator sharing and inter-taxa gene flow occurs among closely related sympatric dioecious fig taxa and that pollinators choose the floral volatiles of multiple fig taxa. The implications of pollinator sharing and inter-taxa gene flow on diversification, occurring even in this highly specialized obligate pollination system, require further study.

Host Recognition by the Blackmargined Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Pecan

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Smith ◽  
Ray F. Severson
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Host Recognition Behavior

Leaf discs from pecan, Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, pea, Pisum sativum L., peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, and fig, Fiscus benjamina L. were presented to nymph and adult blackmargined aphids, Monellia caryella (Fitch) in no-choice and choice bioassays. Nymph longevity and developmental rates, and adult longevity and reproductive rates were significantly greater when aphids were placed on pecan than on pea, peach or fig. In no-choice bioassays, both nymph and adult aphids preferred to settle-on pecan, while they preferred to wander- or settle-off of pea, peach and fig. In choice bioassays, both nymph and adult aphids preferred to settle-on pecan than to settle-on pea, peach and fig. Analysis of pecan, pea, peach and fig leaf cuticular chemistry showed that n-alkane distribution patterns and the major cuticular components, specifically triterpenes and their oxidation products, differed among the four plant species. This study provides the first evidence within the pecan/aphid interactive system which suggests that the distinct foliar cuticular chemistry of pecan may have an influence on the host recognition behavior of M. caryella.

scholarly journals New occurrence of non-pollinating fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Ficus microcarpa in Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando H A Farache ◽  
Vanessa T do Ó ◽  
Rodrigo A S Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Fig Wasps ◽  
Ficus Microcarpa

Comparative Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Different Parts of Ficus microcarpa

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Lin ◽  
Yan Feng Liu ◽  
Yu Kai Chen ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Zhen Yi Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Elaidic Acid ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Ficus Microcarpa ◽  
Different Parts

This study was designed to comparative evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil from leaf, aerial root, twig, root and bark parts of Ficus microcarpa L.f. (Moraceace). Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of the oils revealed the presence of 6, 6, 5, 5 and 5 compounds in the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from different parts, respectively. The total yield of the volatile fractions was subsequently 1.89%, 0.87%, 1.27%, 0.97% and 0.71%. Higher amounts of aliphatic acids were found to compose a major chemotype in diverse parts of the plant. n-Hexadecanoic acid, elaidic acid and linoleic acid were the main and common component of all the essential oils totally attaining in average 74%, 87%, 56%, 46% and 88%, independently. In addition, some pharmaceutical components such as elaidic acid, linoleic acid and squalene were discovered. The study offers theoretic basis for utilization of the traditional folk herb F. microcarpa.

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