Water Balance and Its Relation to Fermentation Acid Production in the Intestinal Parasites Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) and Moniliformis moniliformis (Acanthocephala)

1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Uglem
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

scholarly journals Occurrence of intestinal parasites in sewage samples and efficiency of wastewater treatment systems in Tunisia

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sabbahi ◽  
M. Trad ◽  
L. Ben Ayed ◽  
N. Marzougui
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
One Year ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract The present study aimed to: (i) identify helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in wastewater samples to which both human and animals could be exposed when they are reused in agriculture; and (ii) evaluate the efficiency of their removal by two wastewater treatment systems (activated sludge and lagoon). For these purposes, 234 wastewater samples (117 raw, 117 treated) were collected from 20 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Tunisia over a one-year sampling period. Parasitic load was enumerated by the modified Bailenger method. The results showed that helminth eggs found were Nematodes mainly represented by Ascaris sp. (95%), Hookworm species (50%), and Enterobius vermicularis (45%). For Cestodes, species identified were Taeniid eggs (85%), Hymenolepis nana (70%), Hymenolepis diminuta (55%) and digestive Strongyles. Among protozoa, Giardia sp., Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii and Entamoeba coli cysts were found in 100% of raw wastewater samples. The overall removal efficiency of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in the treatment plants ranged from 56.5 to 100% and from 50.4 to 95.5%, respectively. The result from Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) shows that the close clustering of the parasitic mean removal levels indicates that there is little difference in wastewater treatment processes between the WWTPs examined.

scholarly journals Research Note. Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in commensal rodents from Tabasco, Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cigarroa-Toledo ◽  
Y. De Los Santos-Martinez ◽  
C. V. Zaragoza-Vera ◽  
M. M. Garcia-Rodriguez ◽  
C. M. Baak-Baak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Syphacia Muris ◽  
Commensal Rodents ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Summary The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and species composition of helminths in commensal rodents captured inside private residences in the city of Villahermosa in Tabasco, Mexico. Trapping was performed at each house for three consecutive nights from October to December 2015. Fifty commensal rodents were captured: 23 Rattus norvegicus, 16 Mus musculus and 11 Rattus rattus. Rodents were transported alive to the laboratory and held in cages until they defecated. Feces were analyzed for helminth eggs using the Sheather’s flotation technique. The overall prevalence of helminths in rodents was 60 %: R. norvegicus was more likely to be parasitized (87.0 %) than R. rattus (63.6 %) and M. musculus (18.8 %). Eggs from at least 13 species of helminths were identified: Hymenolepis diminuta, Rodentolepis nana, Moniliformis moniliformis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Heterakis spumosa, Mastophorus muris, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti, Syphacia obvelata, Syphacia muris, Toxocara sp., Trichosomoides crassicauda, and Trichuris muris. This is the first study to report the presence of H. polygyrus, S. ratti and T. crassicauda in commensal rodents in Mexico. In conclusion, our results suggest that helminths commonly infect commensal rodents in Villahermosa and therefore rodents present a health risk to inhabitants in this region.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cestodes infection among school children of urban parts of Lower Dir district, Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ur Rahman ◽  
W. Khan ◽  
S. A. Mehmood ◽  
S. Ahmed ◽  
S. Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Control Programs

Abstract Tapeworms of zoonotic importance have been described as a leading public health problem. Current research was aim to assess the prevalence of tapeworms among 5-12years school children residing in district Lower Dir, Pakistan from January 2019-December 2019. The wet mount preparation in saline/iodine/methods were used for stool examination. Data was analyzed using appropriate descriptive, static methods. Of the 400 children studied 71.7% were infected with one or more species of intestinal parasites. Single infection of cestode species was found in 69 individuals with 17.2% prevalence and multiple parasitic infections were identified in 19.7% (n=79/400) individuals. The multiple infection were comprised as 10% (n=40) double, 6.75% (n=27) triple and 3% (n=12) quadruple. A total of 9 species of helminths and one species of protozoan infection. Among the helminths Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent 33.1% (n=95), Taenia saginata 22.6% (n=65), hookworm 19.8% (n=57), Hymenolepis nana 18.8% (n=54), Enterobius vermicularis and Hymenolepis diminuta 1.39% (n=4each), Trichuris trichura 1.04% (n=3), Toxocara spp 0.69% (n=2) and Schistosoma japonicum 0.34% (n=1) were reported. One protozoan species was Cryptosporidium spp 0.69% (n=2) in current study. In case of A.lumbricoides, hookworm, E.vermicularis, T.trichura, T.saginata, H.nana and H.diminuta the male children of below 8 years of age were highly infected. Other infections are reported in the same prevalence with slight difference if any. We conclude that there is a need for mass scale campaigns to create awareness regarding health and hygiene in children and the need for development of effective poverty control programs because deworming alone is not adequate to control parasitic infections.

scholarly journals Molecular identification of Trichuris trichiura and Hymenolepis diminuta in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Lopburi, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-888
Author(s):  
Wanat Sricharern ◽  
Tawin Inpankaew ◽  
Sarawan Kaewmongkol ◽  
Thitichai Jarudecha ◽  
Natnaree Inthong
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Method ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background and Aim: Trichuris trichiura and Hymenolepis diminuta are helminthic intestinal parasites that infect humans and other animals, including non-human primates. However, molecular detection of these parasites remains scarce in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), which coexist with human communities in Thailand. Thus, this study aimed to molecularly confirm the occurrence of Trichuris spp. and Hymenolepis spp. infection and determine the species of both parasites that were found in long-tailed macaques. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 fecal samples were randomly collected from long-tailed macaques living in Lopburi, Thailand, and tested based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for Trichuris spp. and Hymenolepis spp. infections. The PCR products were submitted for DNA purification and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood method. Results: Of 200 tested samples, three (1.5%) were positive for Trichuris spp. Sequence analysis of all positive samples revealed the presence of T. trichiura, while eight samples (8/200, 4%) positive for Hymenolepis spp. were classified as H. diminuta. No significant associations were found between parasite infection and sex of macaques. Conclusion: This study revealed that long-tailed macaques harbor T. trichiura and H. diminuta. These results suggested that local residents and tourists must pay attention to limiting contact with long-tailed macaques and take hygienic precautions to reduce the risk of zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission of these parasites between humans and long-tailed macaques.

scholarly journals Parasite-microbiota interactions potentially affect intestinal communities in wild mammals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Aivelo ◽  
Anna Norberg
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
Potential Interactions

SummaryDetecting interaction between species is notoriously difficult, and disentangling species associations in host-related gut communities is especially challenging. Nevertheless, due to contemporary methods, including metabarcoding and 16S sequencing, collecting observational data on community composition has become easier and much more common. We studied the previously collected data sets of intestinal microbiota and parasite compositions within longitudinally followed mouse lemurs by analysing the potential interactions with diversity metrics and novel joint species distribution modelling. Both methods showed consistent statistical association between certain parasite species and microbiotal composition. Both unicellular Eimeria sp. and cestode Hymenolepis diminuta had an effect on diversity of gut microbiota. These parasite species also had negative associations with several bacterial orders. In comparison, closely related species H. nana did not have an effect on diversity, and it had positive associations with several bacterial orders. Our results reveal potential interactions between some, but not all, intestinal parasites and gut microbiota. While environmental variables explained almost half of the total variation, of which almost half could be explained by traits of parasites and microbiota, there were no clear patterns regarding mouse lemur individual variables explaining variation in the occurrence patterns of parasite and microbiota significantly. Our results provide new hypothesis for interactions between and among parasites and microbiota to be tested further with experimental studies.

scholarly journals Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maysa Ahmad Eraky ◽  
Samia Mostafa Rashed ◽  
Mona El-Sayed Nasr ◽  
Azza Mohammed Salah El-Hamshary ◽  
Amera Salah El-Ghannam
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation

This study evaluated the degree of parasitic contamination of vegetables which are commercialized and consumed fresh in Benha, Egypt. It included 530 vegetables: lettuce, watercress, parsley, green onion, and leek. Vegetables were collected randomly from markets within Benha. Samples were washed in saline, and the resulting washing solution was filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments and supernatants were examined by iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Intestinal parasites were detected in 157/530 (29.6%) samples.Giardia lambliacysts were the most prevalent parasite (8.8%) followed byEntamoebaspp. cysts (6.8%),Enterobius vermiculariseggs (4.9%), various helminth larvae (3.6%),Hymenolepis nanaeggs (2.8%),Hymenolepis diminutaeggs (2.1%), andAscaris lumbricoideseggs (0.6%). The highest contaminated vegetable was lettuce (45.5%) followed by watercress (41.3%), parsley (34.3%), green onion (16.5%), and leek (10.7%). These results indicate a significant seasonal variation (P<0.05), with highest prevalence in summer (49%) and the lowest in winter (10.8%). These findings provide evidence for the high risk of acquiring parasitic infection from the consumption of raw vegetables in Benha, Egypt. Effective measures are necessary to reduce parasitic contamination of vegetables.

scholarly journals Endo-parasites of public-health importance recovered from rodents in the Durban metropolitan area, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Colleen E. Archer ◽  
Christopher C. Appleton ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa ◽  
Jennifer Lamb ◽  
M. Corrie Schoeman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Background: Parasite infections of public health importance carried by Rattus spp. on the African continent (excluding toxoplasmosis) have not been adequately researched. The aim of this study was to investigate endoparasites of public health importance, particularly those associated with R. norvegicus, at different locations and seasons within the port-city, Durban.Methods: Four hundred rodents (379 R. norvegicus, 10 R. rattus and 11 Mastomys natalensis) were live-trapped at 60 sites in four locations, during wet and dry seasons in 2009. Rats were humanely euthanased, cardiac blood drawn (for blood smears and serology), ectoparasites removed and dissected. Each organ was separately processed to collect parasites. Binary logistic regression and four-way ANOVAs were used to test for the effects of location, season, rodent age and gender on parasite prevalence, richness and abundance.Results: Eight parasites of public health importance were detected: Gongylonema sp. (25.3%), Trypanosoma lewisi (22.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta (17.2%), Angiostrongylus cantonensis (15.3%), Toxoplasma gondii (11.2%), Moniliformis moniliformis (9.5%), Calodium hepaticum (2.6%) and H. nana (0.8%). Ascaris spp. (probably A. lumbricoides) ova, assumed to have been acquired from consuming infected human faeces were found in rat faeces (4.8%). Parasite species richness was positively associated with location, season and rodent age. Location, season, rat age and gender differentially affected prevalence and worm abundance of parasite species.Conclusions: These occurrence data of parasites of public health importance provide valuable information to local and provincial organisations and medical practitioners for diagnoses of possible zoonoses, and a reference point for further studies in metropolitan areas of Africa.

scholarly journals Helminth fauna of Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769 from the Belgrade area, Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kataranovski ◽  
Milena Kataranovski ◽  
Isidora Deljanin
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Norway Rats

The aims of this study were to provide baseline knowledge about intestinal parasites in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) that inhabit the Belgrade area, and to analyze the associations among helminths. Of 302 trapped rats, 52% were females and 48% males, with 39% and approx. 37% of juvenile-subadult individuals, per sex, respectively. The following parasites were detected (with their respective prevalence): Cestoda - Hymenolepis diminuta (30.46%) and Rodentolepis fraterna (12.58%); Nematoda - Heterakis spumosa (36.75%), Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (16.22%), Capillaria sp. (5.96%), Trichuris muris (5.96%), Syphacia muris (4.30%) and Strongylus sp. larvae (0.33%). Flukes (Trematoda) were not recorded. Of all examined rats, 68.54% were found to harbor at least one parasite species, with higher prevalence in male hosts and in adult individuals. There were no age-related differences in the prevalence of infection with individual helminth species. Multiple infections occurred with up to four species per rat showing different combinations of parasite infections. These are the first records of the gastrointestinal helminth fauna of Norway rats in Serbia.

scholarly journals Transmission Dynamics of Intestinal Parasites Infection in Children under Anthelminthic Treatment Residing in a High-Risk Area in Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Arnol Bowo-Ngandji ◽  
Djabidatou Ousmanou ◽  
Atembeh-Noura Efietngab ◽  
Nkengazong Lucia ◽  
Halmata Mohamadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Reinfection Rate ◽  
Candida Sp

Introduction: Intestinal parasites continue to pose an important public health problem in low-income countries with children being the most affected, thus justifying their therapeutic follow up. Objective: This work aimed to update the epidemiological base data and evaluate transmission dynamics of intestinal parasites at one and three months post treatment following the administration of multiple doses of mebendazole 100mg in children of the Lolodorf health district, South Region. Methods: 381 stool samples were collected from participants and analysed using the kato-katz and formol ether technicsand each participant treated with multiple dosesof mebendazole within three days. Samples were collected at one and three months post treatment from same individuals. Two indicators were used to evaluate transmission dynamics: reinfection rate and number of newly infected individuals. Results: A global infection rate of 65.3% involving Ascaris lumbricoides (23.1 %), Trichuris trichiura (35.2 %), hookworms (7.9 %), Hymenolepis diminuta (0.3 %), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (5.8 %), Entamoeba coli (19.2 %), Entamoeba hartmanni (0.3 %) and Candida sp (26.0 %) was registered. Single infection (53.6%) was significantly higher than multiple infections (46.4%) (P=0.04). Significance was in favour of male sex for hookworm infections (P=0.04). Transmission dynamics of the different groups of parasites showed a reduction of helminths and protozoan parasites infections with complete absence of Candida sp. after treatment. The global reinfection rate obtained at three months post treatment was 7.3% with high values observed for T. trichiura (6.1%). The proportion of newly infected individuals varied from 6.2% to 8.9% at one and three months post treatment. Conclusion: These results showed persistence in active transmission of various intestinal parasites in the study area. Hence, stakeholders in charge of controlling theseinfections shouldreinforce specific intervention measures against these diseases such as the implication of control measures at all levels of the transmission chain (individual and environmental level).

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