In vitro Culture of Dirofilaria immitis Third- and Fourth-Stage Larvae under Defined Conditions

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Abraham ◽  
Meisen Mok ◽  
Marcia Mika-Grieve ◽  
Robert B. Grieve
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Fourth Stage

scholarly journals Secretory microRNA Profiles of Third- and Fourth-Stage Dirofilaria immitis Larvae with Different Macrocyclic Lactone Susceptibility: In Search of Biomarkers for Early Detection of Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Lucienne Tritten ◽  
Erica J. Burkman ◽  
Tobias Clark ◽  
Guilherme G. Verocai
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Heartworm Infection

The canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, is among the most important parasites of dogs in the United States and worldwide, and may cause severe and potentially fatal disease. Current diagnostic recommendations rely on serological detection of an adult female antigen, and visualization of microfilariae in the blood. Therefore, a reliable diagnosis can be only performed approximately six months post-infection. There is a growing need to characterize novel diagnostic markers that are capable of detecting the early stages of heartworm infection, in special markers associated with third-stage larvae (L3) and fourth-stage larvae (L4). The early detection of infection would guide medical interventions that could impede the development of patent infections and further parasite transmission. We cultured D. immitis L3 and L4 of two laboratorial strains with different susceptibility statuses to macrocyclic lactone drugs in vitro. Excretory/secretory microRNAs were sequenced and analyzed. We identified two miRNA novel candidates secreted abundantly by both L3 and L4 of both strains. These candidates were previously detected in the secretions of other D. immitis stages and one of them was found in the blood of D. immitis-infected dogs. These miRNAs have not been found in the secretions of other nematodes and could be D. immitis-specific diagnostic biomarkers, which could allow for the early detection of infection.

Cryopreservation of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and third-stage larvae

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Lok ◽  
M. Mika-Grieve ◽  
R. B. Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractMicrofilariae of Dirofilaria immitis retained their infectivity for susceptible mosquitoes after cooling to −196°C in the presence of 5% dimethylsulphoxide (Me2SO) using a two-step cooling sequence. Motility and in vitro development of cryopreserved microfilariae also compared favourably with unfrozen controls. Third-stage larvae frozen by the same cooling sequence in the presence of either 5% Me2SO or 16% hydroxyethyl starch were motile upon thawing. Thawed larvae completed the third- to fourth-stage moult in vitro at a frequency approximately 5 to 10% of that seen in unfrozen controls.

Dirofilaria immitis: the moulting of the infective larva in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Devaney
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Infective Larva ◽  
Feeder Layer ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fourth Larval Stage

AbstractA number of in vitro culture systems were tested for their ability to support the development of Dirofilaria immitis infective larvae to the fourth larval stage. In cultures of medium ML-15 containing a feeder layer of Dog Sarcoma (DS) cells larvae successfully moulted and showed a small but significant increase in length. Ultrastructural observations demonstrated that the fourth-stage cuticle was synthesized in vitro and in some larvae was fully formed by 60 hours of culture. The hypodermis of moulting larvae contained numerous multi-vesicular bodies. It is concluded that the moult in vitro is a true moult and not an atypical response of the larvae to the conditions of culture.

Isohexenylnaphthazarins from Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm. and Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Jonst. in vitro culture

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Graikou ◽  
H Damianakos ◽  
K Syklowska-Baranek ◽  
A Pietrosiuk ◽  
M Jeziorek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Arnebia Euchroma ◽  
Lithospermum Canescens

Effect of antioxidants on in vitro culture of pomegranate cv. Sindhuri

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
◽  
M.L. Jakhar ◽  
Komal Sekhawat ◽  
Swarnlata Kumawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture

Leaf Color of Plants Regenerated through In Vitro Culture from Variegated Leaf Segments of Caladium.

1993 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhu ◽  
Tetsuyuki Takemoto ◽  
Susumu Yazawa
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Leaf Segments ◽  
Variegated Leaf

In vitro Culture of Human PBMCs

BIO-PROTOCOL ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Panda ◽  
Balachandran Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Human Pbmcs
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