A Simple Restraining Chamber for Exposing Mice to Schistosome Cercariae by the Tail Immersion Technique

1982 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Niels Ornbjerg Christensen ◽  
Flemming Frandsen ◽  
Peter Nansen ◽  
Age Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Immersion Technique ◽  
Tail Immersion

Host-finding capacity of schistosome cercariae: comparative efficiency of methods of mouse infection and a radioisotope assay system

1977 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Ørnbjerg Christensen ◽  
Flemming Frandsen ◽  
Peter Nansen
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Period ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Total Darkness ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Immersion Technique ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Direct Proportionality ◽  
Tail Bound

ABSTRACTThe efficiency of five different methods of infection of mice with Schistosoma mansoni or S. intercalatum cercariae was compared; of these the ring method, the tail immersion technique, and the paddling method were found to be the most effective.A new radioisotope assay system for cercarial host-finding capacity is described. This employs the tail immersion technique with radiolabelled S. mansoni cercariae. The amount of tail-bound radioactivity retained after exposure to radiolabelled cercariae was used to measure the host-finding capacity of the cercariae under various experimental conditions. A direct proportionality was found to exist between the number of penetrating radiolabelled cercariae and the subsequent tail-bound radioactivity. Also, a direct proportionality was demonstrated between the number of labelled larvae available in the suspension and the subsequent tail-bound radioactivity. The influence of light and of length of exposure period on cercarial host-finding was analysed. After an exposure period of 30 minutes the amount of radioactivity confined to tails in the light greatly exceeded that of tails exposed in total darkness. However, after 60 minutes comparable radioactivity levels were achieved in the tails exposed in the light or in total darkness, respectively. In the light, maximum tail-bound radioactivity was achieved after 20 minutes exposure and no further change was observed in the radioactivity level at 40 and 60 minutes.

scholarly journals 5-HT1A Serotonergic, α-Adrenergic and Opioidergic Receptors Mediate the Analgesic Efficacy of Vortioxetine in Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3242
Author(s):  
Nazlı Turan Yücel ◽  
Ümmühan Kandemir ◽  
Ümide Demir Özkay ◽  
Özgür Devrim Can
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Adrenoceptor Blocker ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant drug that affects several brain neurochemicals and has the potential to induce various pharmacological effects on the central nervous system. Therefore, we investigated the centrally mediated analgesic efficacy of this drug and the mechanisms underlying this effect. Analgesic activity of vortioxetine (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) was examined by tail-clip, tail-immersion and hot-plate tests. Motor performance of animals was evaluated using Rota-rod device. Time course measurements (30–180 min) showed that vortioxetine (10 and 20 mg/kg) administrations significantly increased the response latency, percent maximum possible effect and area under the curve values in all of the nociceptive tests. These data pointed out the analgesic effect of vortioxetine on central pathways carrying acute thermal and mechanical nociceptive stimuli. Vortioxetine did not alter the motor coordination of mice indicating that the analgesic activity of this drug was specific. In mechanistic studies, pre-treatments with p-chlorophenylalanine (serotonin-synthesis inhibitor), NAN-190 (serotonin 5-HT1A receptor antagonist), α-methyl-para-tyrosine (catecholamine-synthesis inhibitor), phentolamine (non-selective α-adrenoceptor blocker), and naloxone (non-selective opioid receptor blocker) antagonised the vortioxetine-induced analgesia. Obtained findings indicated that vortioxetine-induced analgesia is mediated by 5-HT1A serotonergic, α-adrenergic and opioidergic receptors, and contributions of central serotonergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmissions are critical for this effect.

scholarly journals Hemostasis of an actively bleeding lesion at the ileocecal valve by low-pressure endoscopy using the gel immersion technique

VideoGIE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-186
Author(s):  
Keitaro Yano ◽  
Tomonori Yano ◽  
Manabu Nagayama ◽  
Alan Kawarai Lefor ◽  
Hironori Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Ileocecal Valve ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Bleeding Lesion ◽  
Immersion Technique

Surface doping of non-fullerene photoactive layer by soluble polyoxometalate for printable organic solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Hu ◽  
Wen You ◽  
Lulu Sun ◽  
Shen Yu ◽  
Mengyuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Effective Surface ◽  
Photoactive Layer ◽  
Surface Doping ◽  
Immersion Technique

The non-fullerene photoactive layer can be induced an effective surface p-doping via polyoxometalate (PMA) solution immersion technique, making the device work efficiently although without an additional evaporated MoO3 hole-collecting layer.

Effect of various SnO2 pH on ZnO/SnO2-composite film via immersion technique

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Malek ◽  
R. Mohamed ◽  
M. H. Mamat ◽  
A. S. Ismail ◽  
M. M. Yusoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Film ◽  
Immersion Technique

Dive to the Underwater World: A Water Immersion Technique for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Gastric Neoplasms

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomofumi Akasaka ◽  
Yusuke Tonai ◽  
Kenta Hamada ◽  
Yoji Takeuchi ◽  
Noriya Uedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Gastric Neoplasms ◽  
Submucosal Dissection ◽  
Immersion Technique

Assessment of the antioxidant, thrombolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of leaf extracts and fractions of Tetracera sarmentosa (L.) Vahl

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Muhammad Nasir Uddin ◽  
Mohammad Shah Hafez Kabir ◽  
Mahmud Hasan ◽  
Zobaer Al Mahmud ◽  
N. M. Mahmudul Alam Bhuiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractBackground:The plant under investigation (Tetracera sarmentosa) is a dicotyledonous flowering plant and belongs to the family Dilleniaceae. The goal of our investigation was to determine whether the leaf extracts of this plant held any significant medicinal properties.Methods:Leaves ofT. sarmentosawere extracted with pure ethanol (EETS) and methanol (METS), and then methanol extract fractioned withn-hexane (NHFMETS) and chloroform (CHFMETS). The extracts and fractions were tested for antioxidant activity, which was measured by using qualitative and quantitative procedures. Thrombolytic activity was evaluated by the clot lysis test. Analgesic activity was evaluated employing the acidic acid-induced writhing test, the formalin-induced paw licking test and tail immersion on Swiss albino mice. The anti-inflammatory activity test was studied using the paw edema test. Forced swimming, tail suspension, elevated plus maze and hole board model tests were used to evaluate neuropharmacological activity.Results:All the extracts and fractions possessed antioxidant effects. All the extracts, fractions and streptokinase exhibited significant (p<0.0001) clot lysis. The extracts and fractions produced significant analgesic effects as evaluated by the acetic acid writhing test, the formalin-induced paw licking test and the tail immersion method. Similarly, carrageenan-induced inflammation was significantly antagonized by the treatments. The extracts and fractions also significantly showed neuropharmacological (antidepressant and anxiolytic) effects.Conclusions:The overall results suggested that this plant deserves further investigation to isolate the active compounds which are responsible for these activities and to establish the mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Bioactivities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches: antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 1471-1484
Author(s):  
GLAUCIEMAR DEL-VECHIO-VIEIRA ◽  
BRUNA C.S. SANTOS ◽  
MARIA SILVANA ALVES ◽  
AÍLSON L.A. ARAÚJO ◽  
CÉLIA H. YAMAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches. Phytochemical screening and total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrilhydrazin (DPPH) and iron reducing power methods. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail immersion assays; while the carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleurisy tests were performed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity against acute inflammation. The extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenes, sterols and saponins. Expressive levels of total phenols and flavonoids and a promising antioxidant effect were quantified. At the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the extract inhibited the writhing, reduced both phases of paw licking time and increased the reaction time on the hot plate. In the tail immersion test, the extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) caused a significant inhibition of pain. In these doses, the paw edema, exudate volume and leucocyte mobilization were significantly reduced. These results suggest that A. fastigiatum can be an active source of substances with antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, adding scientific support to the appropriate use in the Brazilian folk medicine.

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