Hyperparasitism by Giardia muris and Hexamita sp. in Adults and in Larvae of Nematospiroides dubius

1972 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Z. Greenberg ◽  
D. T. Spira
Keyword(s):  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Giardia Muris

Survival of giardia, cryptosporidium, poliovirus and salmonella in marine waters

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Johnson ◽  
C. E. Enriquez ◽  
I. L. Pepper ◽  
T. L. Davis ◽  
C. P. Gerba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Waterborne Pathogens ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
Giardia Muris

Discharge of sewage into the ocean is still a common method of disposal worldwide. Both treated and untreated sewage may contain significant concentrations of waterborne pathogens, such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, poliovirus and Salmonella. Limited studies exist on the survival of poliovirus and Salmonella in marine waters; however, almost no information exists on the survival of protozoan parasites in marine waters. This study examined the survival of Giardia muris cysts, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, poliovirus-1 and Salmonella typhimurium in marine waters. The survival of the microorganisms varied according to the presence of light, salinity and water quality (as determined by quantity of enterococci). All microorganisms survived longer in the dark than in sunlight, the order of survival in sunlight being: Cryptosporidium > poliovirus > Giardia > Salmonella.

Some effects of the diet of mice on Nematospiroides dubius (Nematoda)

Parasitology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Bawden
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Australian Wool ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius

The establishment of N. dubius juveniles was more successful in mice maintained on a diet inadequate to support the full growth potential of the animals than in mice maintained on an adequate diet. The distribution of encysted juveniles along the duodenum was considerably more extensive in the former group of mice.More juveniles were established in male than in female mice within the respective dietary groups, although the pattern of distribution was similar.The distribution of adult nematodes at 10 days after infection was confined to a smaller area of the duodenum than that of the encysted juveniles at 5 days.The differences in distribution of nematodes after 5 and 10 days between the HP and LP mice was not evident after 21 days. The survival of adult nematodes in the HP mice was more successful than in the LP animals.The female nematodes in the LP mice achieved a greater length but were less prolific egg producers than those in the HP mice.A diet inadequate to support the full growth potential of mice was therefore associated with the increased ability of Nematospiroides dubius juveniles to establish themselves in mice compared with the situation in adequately fed animals. The low plane diet, on the other hand, was associated with a decreased ability of the adult nematodes to survive.This work was supported by grants from the Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan and the Australian Wool Board. I should like to express my appreciation for the supervision of this work by Professor J. F. A. Sprent and to thank Miss Sharon McFeeter and Mrs Anne McKeown for their most competent technical assistance.

Certain aspects of the host-parasite relationship ofNematospiroides dubius(Baylis). II. The effect of sex on experimental infections in the rat (an abnormal host)

Parasitology ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 499-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Relationship

1. The male rat is more susceptible to infections ofNematospiroides dubiusthan the female. As the rat grows older the resistance of the female rat to infection increases at a greater rate than that of the male.2. The course of the infection is modified by the sex of the host.3. More larvae penetrated the intestinal mucosa to encyst in the male than in the female. More larvae, however, formed cysts in the female than in the male rat by the fifth day.4. The male harboured more adult worms than the female rat, although this difference was not significant in the immature animals.5. The sex resistance of the rat toN. dubiusinfections was removed by bilateral gonadectomy. Castration decreased the susceptibility of the male rat, while spaying increased it in the female compared with the susceptibility in the respective normal hosts.6. Subsequent replacement of the homologous sex hormone in the gonadectomized rat restores the sex resistance, and may even increase it (particularly in the immature animals). Oestradiol increased the resistance of the spayed female rat, while testosterone increased the susceptibility of the castrate male rat to infection.7. Oestradiol implanted in castrate male rats increased the resistance of these hosts to a greater level than was shown in the normal male rat.8. The rat shows a marked age resistance over which the sex resistance is superimposed.9. The relationship between the sex of the host and its resistance to infection is discussed.This work was done during the tenure of a Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Studentship. My thanks are due to Dr E. T. B. Francis for his helpful and critical supervision and to Professor I. Chester Jones, in whose department the work was done, for the facilities he provided.

Effect of initial microbial density on inactivation of Giardia muris by ozone

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2980-2988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles N. Haas ◽  
Baris Kaymak
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Density ◽  
Giardia Muris

Interactions between the intestinal flagellates Giardia muris and Spironucleus muris and the blood parasites Babesia microti, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei in mice

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J. Brett ◽  
F. E. G. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Plasmodium Yoelii ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Immunological Factors ◽  
Temporary Decrease ◽  
Giardia Muris

SUMMARYIn mice infected with the intestinal flagellates Giardia muris or Spironucleus muris, together with the blood parasites Babesia microti or Plasmodium yoelii, there is a temporary decrease of flagellate cyst output coincident with the peak of the blood parasite infections, followed by a rapid return to normal levels. This decrease in cyst output is correlated with decreased numbers of trophozoites in the small intestine. The effect on S. muris is more marked than that on G. muris. Neither blood parasites has any effect on the total duration of the flagellate infection and the flagellates do not affect the blood parasites. In mice infected with G. muris or S. muris and P. berghei there is also a decrease in cyst output but this is less apparent than in infections with B. microti or P. yoelii because of the fatal nature of the P. berghei infection. It is suggested that the decrease in cyst output is probably due to changes in the contents of the small intestine or to non-specific immunological factors rather than to specific immunological changes.

Batch solar disinfection inactivates oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and cysts of Giardia muris in drinking water

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. McGuigan ◽  
F. Mendez-Hermida ◽  
J.A. Castro-Hermida ◽  
E. Ares-Mazas ◽  
S.C. Kehoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
Giardia Muris

scholarly journals Sanitary profile in mice and rat colonies in laboratory animal houses in Minas Gerais: I - Endo and ectoparasites

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1478-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Bicalho ◽  
F.T.M. Araújo ◽  
R.S. Rocha ◽  
O.S. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Syphacia Muris ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera ◽  
Giardia Muris ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

The sanitary conditions of 13 animal houses in nine public institutions in Minas Gerais, and the presence of endo and ectoparasites of mice and rats colonies kept in these facilities were evaluated. Data about barriers to prevent the transmission of diseases and a program of sanitary monitoring were obtained through a questionnaire and local visit. Parasitological methods were performed for diagnosing mite, lice, helminthes, and protozoa parasites in 344 mice and 111 rats. Data have shown that the majority of the animal houses had neither proper physical environment nor protection barriers to prevent the transmission of infections. Parasitological results have shown that only one animal house (7.7%) had parasite free animals, whereas the others have presented infected animals and the prevalences of parasites in the mice colonies were: Myobia musculi (23.1%); Myocoptes musculinus (38.5%); Radfordia affinis (15.4%); Syphacia obvelata (92.3%); Aspiculuris tetraptera (23.1%); Hymenolepis nana (15.4%); Spironucleus muris (46.2%); Giardia muris (46.2%); Tritrichomonas muris (53.8%); Trichomonas minuta (61.5%); Hexamastix muris (7.7%); and Entamoeba muris (84.6%). As for the rat colonies, the prevalences were: Poliplax spinulosa (8.1%); Syphacia muris (46.2%); Trichosomoides crassicauda (28.6%); Spironucleus muris (85.7%); Tritrichomonas muris (85.7%); Trichomonas minuta (85.7%); Hexamastix muris (14.3%) and Entamoeba muris (85.7%).

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