Guide to African Archives in Belgium

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Legros ◽  
Curtis A. Keim
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Foreign Researcher

In 1982 Carol Dickerman and David Northrup published a useful article on Africa-related archives in Belgium. Their work was limited, however, to two public institutions in Brussels which, in the past 12 years, have moved and grown. What is needed now is a more up-to-date and comprehensive list of Belgian public and private collections with historical or ethnological archives concerning Africa.In Belgium such archives are unfortunately not grouped in one place, but are spread over a dozen public and private institutions according to their nature—diplomatic, military, religious, ethnological—or origin. Thus the foreign researcher who attempts to find these archives must often undertake trying adventures, and once they have succeeded, they still must obtain numerous authorizations to use reading rooms and to consult and photocopy documents. Thus this paper aims to list the different Belgian institutions with major archives, to indicate what is available in their collections, and to describe how to gain access, in the hope that foreign researchers will be able to benefit fully from the archival riches of Belgium.The Africa-related documents in Belgian archives and libraries mostly concern Central Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In addition, some collections are relevant to Belgian African politics in general and to Leopold II's expansionist aims in other parts of the continent.

scholarly journals Private or public dental care? Patients’ perception and experience in Lithuania

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Pūrienė ◽  
Jadvyga Petrauskienė ◽  
Irena Balčiūnienė ◽  
Vilija Janulytė ◽  
Jelena Kutkauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Clinics ◽  
Public Dental Care

Objective. To compare demographic and social groups of patients, their satisfaction with services in public and private dental institutions. Material and methods. A random sample of 3000 Lithuanian residents was selected; 1801 participants answered a postal questionnaire. The response rate was 60.0%. Univariate analysis, χ2 criterion, z-test, and multiple logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between institution type, demographic and social characteristics of the respondents. Results. Less than half of Lithuanian residents (41.2%) visited public dental institutions, 35.9% – private, 25.9% – both. They preferred private dental sector due to better quality of service, public – due to closeness to residence or being the treatment place of acquaintances. Patients visiting public institutions required cheaper treatment, while patients visiting private institutions – qualitative, though more expensive, using modern technologies. The number of dental visits in the past year was lower in public institutions than in private ones. The majority of patients treated in public, private, and both institutions were satisfied with dental services. The least satisfied were visiting both institutions. More respondents with secondary and lower education used public services as compared to those with higher education. Urban population visited public institutions more often than rural population. Respondents with a monthly income of less than 500 Lt for one family member used public dental services more often than those receiving a higher income. Older patients visited public dental institutions more often than younger ones.Conclusions. More Lithuanian residents are treated in public dental institutions (up to 67.1%) than in private. Older, receiving lower income patients preferred public institutions. The majority of patients in public clinics as well as in private sector are satisfied with the service. Those who visited both types of institutions were least satisfied with dental services.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Dental Health Workers, Southern Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somsiri Decharat ◽  
Piriyalux Phethuayluk ◽  
Supandee Maneelok
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Southern Thailand

Objectives. The objective of this study was to describe the socioeconomic situation of dental health work and work characteristics and to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among dental health workers.Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 124 dental health workers and 124 persons in the reference group, matched to dental health workers by gender, were recruited from the workers who worked at the same 17 community hospitals in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand. Information was collected by using questionnaire. Data analysis comprised descriptive and analytical components.Results and Discussion. 75.8% were female and 24.2% were male dental health workers. 91.9% of subjects had worked >5 years. Most subjects worked for >8 hours per day and worked >6 days per week, at 63.7% and 53.2%, respectively. 100% of subjects worked in public institutions, and 68% also worked in both public and private institutions. Most subjects (52.4%) did not exercise. Daily activity, gender, duration of work, hours worked per day, days worked per week, and physical activity were significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms at <0.001.Conclusion. The prevention and reduction of MSDs among dentists should include improving their education in dental ergonomics.

scholarly journals Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia: análise a partir dos dados do Censo da Educação Superior

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e60
Author(s):  
Jaiser Tapia ◽  
Luiza Da Silva Tapia ◽  
Lorena Vicini
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Graduating Students

An attempt by education agents to form professionals from higher education, to solve the demands of society, is the offer of Higher  Education Technology Courses. Among their characteristics, these courses must be offered in specific social contexts (local demands and needs) associated with short time academic training (from 2 to 3 years). Although these courses have been in existence since the 1970s, they had a greater emphasis since the 2000s, when the Brazilian legislation was updated and for the government incentives. From descriptive exploratory study, conducted a comparative analysis of the courses offered by public and private institutions. Specifically, analysis about the quantification of courses offered, the study vacancies offered, the graduating students and the relationships between courses, institutions, vacancies and graduating students were conducted. The analysis were performed from the microdata of the Higher Education Census, provided by the Ministry of Education, including data of Census from 2008 to 2017. Among the results obtained, we can highlight the practically linear growth of the offer of these courses, the contrasts between the courses offered by private and public institutions, and the low values for the graduating indicator, which resumes the high dropout rates.

VI.—A (Preliminary) List of the Minerals occurring in Ireland

1902 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Henry J. Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Public And Private ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Complete Account ◽  
Authentic Work

The literature dealing with Irish mineralogy is rather extensive, much more so than might be at first thought, but it is of such a scattered nature that to obtain at present anything like a complete account of the minerals which occur in this country, or in any particular portion of it, would involve much time and labour in hunting up the publications containing the various records. The need of some authentic work of reference on the subject, revised to date, was often felt by the writer, who some years ago set to work to collect together all the data available, both from published records and by means of a personal examination of such public and private collections of minerals in this country as he could gain access to.

Belgian Centers of Documentation and Research on Africa

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Joanne Coyle Dauphin
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Short Trip ◽  
The Past ◽  
Colonial Institutions

During the past few years, there have been many changes in orientation and in nomenclature among former Belgian “colonial” institutions. The tendency has been to extend an interest in the Congo and in Central Africa more generally to the entire “Third,” or developing, World. This tendency is reflected both in the assistance activities of public and private bodies and in the organization of research and documentation. The checklist that follows attempts to describe the present situation in the field, though it is by no means exhaustive. The material is based on a short trip to Brussels by the compiler, extensive correspondence, and the helpful cooperation of the various institutions. Any errors are the responsibility of the compiler alone. Information for the entries is arranged as follows (any nonrelevant categories are dropped out): Name of institution (former name), address. Person responsible for documentation. (a) Size of collection on African subjects. (b) Special subject fields. (c) Bibliographical publications. (d) Periodicals and serials; other publications of interest. (e) Projects in process or planned. (f) Further information of interest to Africanists.

scholarly journals The Decline of Colombian Private Higher Education

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Initiative ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Higher Education Experiences

Colombian higher education experiences a recent private-sector decline despite its traditional dominance over public institutions. Though historically, Colombia has largely grown its higher education system as a result of the private initiative, the recent private sector's downfall is due to the astonishing public education growth and possibly the increased tuition for private institutions, reducing affordability, and shrinking the tuition gap between public and private institutions.

XXI.—An Archæological Survey of Kent

Archaeologia ◽  
1888 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Payne
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
The Town ◽  
Private Collections ◽  
Made In

I have the honour to lay before the Society an Archaeological Survey, in which will be found the principal and most of the minor archaeological discoveries which have been made in the county of Kent. A work of this kind must necessarily be incomplete, as many relics of the past are being continually brought to light, and pass away unrecorded into various public and private collections, or are destroyed by ignorant and thoughtless workmen. It is hoped, however, that no important discovery has been omitted, either from the map or text, and that the general arrangement will be found convenient for reference. In order to avoid repetition of the titles of the various publications, a Bibliographical List has been given, with a key to the abbreviations, which are framed upon a plan both simple and suggestive. The signs upon the map have been made as large as its size would allow, and are marked on or near the actual sites of discoveries; but in some instances the signs have had to be placed so as to avoid obliterating names of places. It may be well to mention that where spots of different colours, indicating interments, come together in one locality, it signifies (as a rule) that remains belonging to distinct periods occurred in the same burial-place. It was deemed unnecessary to mention every individual discovery of Palaeolithic implements, a line has therefore been drawn under the name of the town or village in whose district they abound in the river-drift gravels. Discoveries of Neolithic implements have not been noticed, as they occur upon the surface in vast numbers throughout the county. British coins being of rare occurrence, have been noted, likewise hoards or large quantities of Koman coins, but single or scattered specimens have, with few exceptions, been omitted.

scholarly journals Significant Differences in Test Availability and Access to Novel Drugs for Multiple Myeloma between Public and Private Hospitals in Latin America. Grupo De Estudio Latinoamericano De Mieloma Multiple (GELAMM)

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2244-2244
Author(s):  
Eloisa Riva ◽  
Natalia Paola Schutz ◽  
Camila Peña ◽  
Fiorella Villano ◽  
Guillermo J. Ruiz-Argüelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Prognostic Tests ◽  
Public Setting

Abstract Introduction Compliance with Multiple Myeloma (MM) recommendations regarding diagnosis and treatment is highly variable worldwide, outside clinical trials. This survey among hematologists from Latin America (LA) aims to describe real access to diagnostic and prognostic analyses and first line treatment for newly diagnosed MM (NDMM). Objectives To describe the access to diagnostic and prognostic tests and first line treatment options for MM in LA. To compare public versus private access to tests and therapies. Methods This is a multicenter cross-sectional study. A 16-question survey focusing on demographic characteristics of physicians, centers, and standard of care practices for NDMM was emailed to 182 hematologists from 11 LA countries. (Fig 1) The survey was open from Dec/17-Feb/18. Results We received 103 completed questionnaires (56.6%) from 8 countries: Argentina (45), Uruguay (28), Chile (15), Paraguay (6), Peru (3), Costa Rica (2), Mexico (2), Venezuela (2). Most physicians (85/103) work in private and public institutions; the majority (64.7%) treat benign and malignant diseases, 30% mainly malignant diseases, and 4.9% mainly plasma cell disorders. Access to diagnostic tests is shown in Table 1. In > 20% of public hospitals there is no access to serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), serum immunofixation (IFX) or serum immunoglobulins quantification (Igs); in 57.3% serum Free Light Chain (sFLC) assay is not done. Lack of access to Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is 67%, Computed Tomography (CT) scan 23.5%, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 45% and Positron Emission Tomography (PET/CT) 66.5%. In private centers, lack of access to SPEP is <5%, IFX 10%, Igs 15%, sFLC 16.5%, FISH 33%, CT scan 5%; MRI 7.3% and PET/CT 20%. Thalidomide, Bortezomib and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) are available in all reporting countries, in public and private institutions. Lenalidomide is reported commercially available by 97.9% of physicians, Melphalan 92.7%, Daratumumab 68%, Pomalidomide 67%, Carfilzomib 60%, Ixazomib 18%. (Table 2) Nevertheless, due to reimbursement policies not all patients have access to these drugs, as reflected in treatment choices. In private institutions, 86.5% report treating ASCT-eligible patients upfront with Bortezomib-based triplets versus 51.6% in public hospitals [OR 5.72 (IC95% 2.32-14.7) p <0.001). Cyclophosphamide-Thalidomide-Dexamethasone (CTD) is used in the public setting by 40.3% (Table 3). Firstline choice for high risk MM (HRMM) is Bortezomib combinations in all private centers but in only 74.4% of public institutions (p<0.001). ASCT ineligible patients: the most used upfront regimen is Cyclophosphamide-Bortezomib-Dexamethasone (CyBorD) in private centers and CTD in public hospitals (Table 4). For HRMM, Bortezomib-based triplets is the first choice in 88.57% and 65.51% in private and public settings, respectively [OR 4.09 (CI95% 1.57-11.16) p=0.0011). Most physicians indicate maintenance treatment, mainly until progression/intolerance.(Table 5) Lenalidomide or Bortezomib are used in private centers in all countries, but for Venezuela. Only Thalidomide and Dexamethasone are available in public hospitals from 6/8 countries. Lenalidomide or Bortezomib maintenance approval require special authorization in most countries, delaying its initiation. Discussion This study shows real word data regarding the challenges LA faces in the care of MM patients. Access to recommended diagnostic and prognostic tests is deficient, particularly in the public setting. Diagnosis, risk assessment and response evaluation are, therefore, inaccurate. In public hospitals, >50% of patients have no access to adequate imaging evaluation, being screened by X-rays. Regardless of commercial availability, real access to novel drugs is limited, particularly in the public setting. This causes an ethical dilemma for physicians, which must treat patients depending on the health care provider and reimbursement policies rather than based on evidence. One limitation of this work is the high percentage of unanswered surveys. Conclusion LA is far from complying with international recommendations for MM approach. The most striking finding is the great difference between public and private centers in all variables. This gap is likely to translate into differences in survival, which is greatly concerning. Solving these inequities should be a priority. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Trends in Revenues at US Colleges and Universities, 1987-2013

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Hinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Tuition Revenue ◽  
Investment Returns ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Over Time

This Economic Commentary studies trends in inflated-adjusted revenues per student at US colleges and universities in broad revenue categories between 1987 and 2013. The findings show that, as is widely perceived, tuition revenue has risen over time at both public and private institutions. In recent years, tuition revenue at public institutions has been nearly as large a source of revenue as state and local government funding has been. Revenue from state and local governments has fluctuated at public institutions but has generally fallen over time, whereas funding from the federal government has risen. Investment returns are a large and highly variable source of revenue, especially for private institutions.

scholarly journals The unfulfilled promise of education for creative economy in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Diego Santos Vieira de Jesus
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Political Economic

The aim is to examine why the promise that education for creative economy could be the engine for socioeconomic development – present in the academic work on creative economy and the political discourse of some leaders and political parties – remains unfulfilled in Brazil. The central argument indicates that the promise was unfulfilled because the maintenance of rigid curricular guidelines in basic, secondary and higher education limits the development of skills and abilities to deal with the constant transformations of creative economy. The unfulfillment of this promise can also be explained by the fact that the financial crisis – motivated by the adverse international economic situation and the political chaos caused by allegations of corruption and misappropriation of funds by politicians and businessmen – made the Brazilian government reduce investments in research and the maintenance of public institutions. The private institutions of basic and secondary education which prepare students for creative economy charge high monthly fees, which is not affordable for the greatest part of Brazilian population, and the Brazilian state does not seem to work to extend this education model for other public and private schools. Many private universities also suffer from the limitation of student financing programs. The transdisciplinarity among the three knowledge pillars of creative economy – technical / scientific, cultural / creative and business pillars –, as well as the valuation of traditional knowledge and practices and the formation of critical thinking in the light of political-economic and socio-cultural dynamics, is being ruined in Brazil.

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