Messianism, Holiness, Charisma, and Community: The American-Swedish Colony in Jerusalem, 1881–1933

1996 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaakov Ariel ◽  
Ruth Kark
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Evangelical Protestantism ◽  
Religious Influences ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Colony ◽  
New Community ◽  
Limited Possibility

One of the most interesting Protestant sects that settled in Palestine from 1881 onwards, and that operated successfully for more than fifty years, was the American-Swedish “Colony” in Jerusalem.1 Known in its early years as the “Spaffordites,” the group was also called the “Overcomers,” since the members' journey to Jerusalem was spurred by their desire to overcome a series of personal tragedies. The history of the “American Colony,” as it was known in Jerusalem, reveals the power of religious beliefs to motivate and shape the lives of adherents. In this case, believers emigrated, built a new community with its own order and sense of purpose, demonstrated dedication, and made sacrifices in following what they considered to be divine commands. The American Colony also exemplifies the limited possibility of sustaining a religious community based upon intense beliefs, as one generation struggles to convey its religious tenets and social principles to the next. To reconstruct the religious influences, principles, and practices of this unique group in Palestine, the American Colony should be placed in the context of nineteenth-century American evangelical Protestantism, which included elements of revivalism, dispensational premillennialism, evangelism, and holiness teachings.

scholarly journals Experiences in Common: Slavery and “Freedom” in the Process of Rio de Janeiro’s Working-Class Formation (1850–1910)

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Badaró Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Work And Life

SummaryThe present article is based on research into the process of working-class formation in Rio de Janeiro in the period between the end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth. It explores the significant shared experiences of workers subjected to slavery and “free” workers in the process of working-class formation, and aims to demonstrate that the history of that process in Brazil began while slavery still existed, and that through shared work and life experience in Rio de Janeiro, as in other Brazilian cities where slavery was strong during the nineteenth century, enslaved and “free” workers shared forms of organization and struggle, founding common values and expectations that were to have a central importance in later periods of class formation.

Reporting on the museum: the annual reports of the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. SWINNEY
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

The production, in the latter half of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century, of the annual reports of the government-funded museum in Edinburgh in several different formats has led to problems in citing these documents in bibliographies. A brief history of the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art and its method of accountability from its foundation in 1854 to 1905 (the period during which it was administered by the Department of Science and Art and the years immediately following the handover to the Committee of the Council on Education in Scotland) is presented along with a concordance table for the different forms of the reports.

The Chicago Area Project Revisited*

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Schlossman ◽  
Michael Sedlak
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Delinquency Prevention ◽  
Correctional Treatment ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Chicago Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pioneer Effort ◽  
Crime Causation

This article selectively examines a legendary experiment in community-based delinquency prevention during the 1930s and 1940s, the Chicago Area Project (CAP). The CAP embodied the first systematic challenge by sociologists to the dominance of psychology and psychiatry in public and private programs for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency in the early 20th century. While scholars generally recognize the CAP as a pioneer effort in delinquency prevention, we know remarkably little about its operational schema and day-to-day activities in individual Chicago communities. Prior studies have examined the CAP primarily as an episode in the history of changing ideas about crime causation, and as an important skirmish in ongoing ideological battles between sociologists and psycholoists on the proper focus of correctional treatment. By contrast, this article provides the first systematic, empirical study of the CAP in action in its early years.

The History of Cuba and its Interpreters, 1898-1935

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresita Yglesia Martínez ◽  
Néstor Capote
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Spanish Colonialism ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Transition

The final years of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth signified a time in which the Cuban people adjusted to a reality for which they were not fully prepared. The world created by centuries of Spanish colonialism crumbled in a spectacular and miserable manner, leaving in its wake a country desolated by war and famine. On January 1, 1899, the Spanish flag was lowered from El Morro in Havana and replaced with the flag of the United States. During this politico-military transition from Spanish rule to U.S. occupation, the defenders of independentismo and Cuba Libre were ignored and humiliated.

Reading the Past on the Mountainsides of Colombia: Mid-Nineteenth-Century Patriotic Geology, Archaeology, and Historiography

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy P. Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Granada ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract The mid-nineteenth-century Colombian Chorographic Commission drew on geology, archaeology, and history to project a patriotic past onto the Andean landscape of the young republic then known as New Granada. This geographic expedition, led initially by Agustín Codazzi and Manuel Ancízar, explored and mapped the country from 1850 to 1859. For the commissioners and their associates among the creole elite, the history of past epochs was “written” on the mountainsides for scientific travelers such as themselves to “read.” They portrayed disparate historical and prehistoric events as overlapping and interrelated. The commission’s texts and images linked a catastrophic interpretation of geologic origins to historia patria (patriotic history). The commissioners merged the wars of conquest and independence into a two-act drama enacted on a singular territorial stage. Their reading of geologic, archaeological, and historical evidence endowed the impoverished young Republic of New Granada with a grandiose territory, a great precursor civilization, and a legacy of patriotic resistance to imperialism. Their interpretations, however, would prove controversial. During the second half of the nineteenth century, debates over geology, archaeology, and history reflected conflicting Liberal and Conservative political projects. Moreover, the midcentury intellectuals failed to incorporate contemporaneous indigenous and poor citizens into an imagined national community based on the ideal of a shared historical memory embedded on a readable landscape.

Ndukwana kaMbengwana as an Interlocutor on the History of the Zulu Kingdom, 1897–1903

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 343-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wright
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
History Of

In the six years from October 1897 to October 1903, Ndukwana kaMbengwana engaged in scores of conversations in numerous different locations with magistrate James Stuart about the history and culture of the nineteenth-century Zulu kingdom. In the 1880s Ndukwana had been a lowranking official in the native administration of Zululand; at an unknown date before late 1900 he seems to have become Stuart's personalindunaor “headman,” to give a common English translation. Stuart's handwritten notes of these conversations, as archived in the James Stuart Collection, come to a total of 65,000 to 70,000 words. As rendered in volume 4 of theJames Stuart Archive, published in 1986, these notes fill 120 printed pages, far more than the testimonies of any other of Stuart's interlocutors except Socwatsha kaPhaphu. From 1900, Ndukwana was also present during many of Stuart's conversations with other individuals.In the editors' preface to volume 4 of theJames Stuart Archive, after drawing attention to the length of Ndukwana's testimony, Colin Webb and I wrote as follows:Since these were the early years of Stuart's collecting career, it is probable that Ndukwana exercised a considerable influence on the presuppositions about Zulu society and history which Stuart took with him into his interviews. No less likely, however, is the reverse possibility that Ndukwana in turn became a repository of much of the testimony he heard while working with Stuart, and that, increasingly over the years, the information which he supplied would have been a fusion of data and traditions from a variety of sources.

An American Errand into the South African Wilderness

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman A. Etherington
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South African ◽  
Manifest Destiny ◽  
The South ◽  
Foreign Missions ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Evangelical Protestantism ◽  
Plymouth Colony ◽  
History Of

The flowering of foreign missions in nineteenth-century America owed so much to evangelical Protestantism in Europe, that historians looking for uniquely American features in missionary enterprises have had very little to go on. Historians who have attempted to identify the uniqueness of American missions have generally seized upon the links between the missionary spirit and ideas of manifest destiny. Ralph Gabriel taught a generation of historians to see American missions as one aspect of a “mission of America” with ramifications that went far beyond preaching to the heathen. Perry Miller traced the roots of the mission of America to the Plymouth Colony itself and rewrote the history of American development in terms of an “perrand into the wilderness.” Nineteenth-century foreign missions were for Miller the most typical expression of national self-consciousness.

XIV. Vicissitudes of a Middleman in County Leitrim, 1810-27

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (35) ◽  
pp. 300-318
Author(s):  
F.S.L. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Trinity College ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Trinity College Dublin ◽  
Form Part ◽  
History Of

The letters which follow are concerned with conditions on, and with the management of, an estate in, county Leitrim in the early years of the nineteenth century. They form part of a body of correspondence now belonging to Dr Patrick Logan of Poole Sanatorium, near Middlesborough, and I am grateful to him for permission to quote from and to use the originals of these letters. My attention was first drawn to the documents by Professor T. W. Moody of Trinity College Dublin, when he received copies of them through Professor Séamus Delargy from the late Mr J. J. Mahon, who lived near Drumshambo, and was keenly interested in the history of county Leitrim. Mr Mahon died towards the end of 1952 and since then I have received much help in tracing the whereabouts of the originals from his son-in-law Mr P. J. Brennan, from Dr Joseph Logan, from Mr M. J. Molloy and from Very Rev. John Canon Pinkman, P.P., V.F.; I wish to record my thanks to all of these.

VICTORIAN READERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-739
Author(s):  
Miriam Bailin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Victorian Literature ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Jane Eyre ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Know How ◽  
Imitation Of Christ ◽  
Small Collection ◽  
History Of ◽  
As If

There is, perhaps, no richer archive of Victorian reading experiences than Victorian literature itself. We know how Maggie Tulliver, child of the rural Midlands in the early years of the nineteenth century, felt when reading the Imitation of Christ in the bleak aftermath of her father's bankruptcy, how the young David Copperfield felt sitting on his bed in Suffolk, “reading as if for life” in the shadow of an abusive home life (56; ch. iv), and how a besieged Jane Eyre felt reading Bewick's History of British Birds in the window-seat at Gateshead; we know because Eliot, Dickens, and Brontë trace those feelings and their significance in vivid detail. We know more: Maggie's book, is a “little, old, clumsy book. . .the corners turned down in many places” with “certain passages” marked in “strong pen and ink,” one of a job lot brought to her by Bob, the packman (301; bk. 4, ch. 3). We know that the novels available to David from the small collection on his father's shelf were largely picaresque tales from a hundred years earlier, Gil Blas, Humphrey Clinker, and Roderick Random; and that Jane was reading the second volume of Bewick's Birds with its evocative vignettes in the introductory pages, an edition whose letter-press the ten-year-old Jane “cared little for” (14; vol. 1, ch. 1).

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