The Prince Hall Masons and the African American Church: The Labors of Grand Master and Bishop James Walker Hood, 1831–1918

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 770-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
African Methodist Episcopal ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
American Christianity ◽  
Moving Force ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Instruction

During the late nineteenth century, James Walker Hood was bishop of the North Carolina Conference of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and grand master of the North Carolina Grand Lodge of Prince Hall Masons. In his forty-four years as bishop, half of that time as senior bishop of the denomination, Reverend Hood was instrumental in planting and nurturing his denomination's churches throughout the Carolinas and Virginia. Founder of North Carolina's denominational newspaper and college, author of five books including two histories of the AMEZ Church, appointed assistant superintendent of public instruction and magistrate in his adopted state, Hood's career represented the broad mainstream of black denominational leaders who came to the South from the North during and after the Civil War. Concurrently, Grand Master Hood superintended the southern jurisdiction of the Prince Hall Masonic Grand Lodge of New York and acted as a moving force behind the creation of the region's black Masonic lodges—often founding these secret male societies in the same places as his fledgling churches. At his death in 1918, the Masonic Quarterly Review hailed Hood as “one of the strong pillars of our foundation.” If Bishop Hood's life was indeed, according to his recent biographer, “a prism through which to understand black denominational leadership in the South during the period 1860–1920,” then what does his leadership of both the Prince Hall Lodge and the AMEZ Church tell us about the nexus of fraternal lodges and African American Christianity at the turn of the twentieth century?

4. African American Christianity: The modern phase (1863–1935)

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Eddie S. Glaude
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
The South ◽  
American Christianity ◽  
Labor Discipline ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
American Cities

‘African American Christianity: The Modern Phase (1863–1935)’ describes three distinctive moments: firstly, the nationalization of black Christianity, as the “invisible institution” of the slaveholding South became visible and as black denominations in the North extended their missions overtly into the South. Secondly, large numbers of African Americans migrated from the South to relocate in the North and the West, which changed the demographics of American cities as they confronted new forms of labor discipline and different social constraints. Finally, the modern phase was also characterized by American imperial ambition and the consolidation of a new racial regime called Jim Crow. Racial segregation and the extralegal violence that attended its implementation fundamentally shaped the expression of black Christianity during this period.

We So-Called Free Moderns

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ritterhouse
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
University Of North Carolina ◽  
The South ◽  
Thomas Wolfe ◽  
Southern Renaissance ◽  
The University

This chapter provides biographical background on Jonathan Daniels. His education at the University of North Carolina, ambitions as a novelist, and publication of Clash of Angels (1930) are highlighted. The death in childbirth of his first wife, Elizabeth Bridgers Daniels, made it difficult for the grieving Daniels to complete a second, satirical novel that might have been his entry into the developing Southern Renaissance alongside his former classmate Thomas Wolfe. The liberal-minded editorials Daniels wrote after taking over from his father as editor of the Raleigh News and Observer in 1933 are contrasted with Josephus Daniels's role in North Carolina's "white supremacy campaign" of 1898 that resulted in the Wilmington massacre. Jonathan's liberalism reflected the influence of other white southern liberals such as Regionalist sociologist Howard Odum and publisher W. T. Couch. New York editor Harold Strauss encouraged Daniels to write a book about the South, resulting in his journey.

“Let us all be Kissing-Friends?”: Zora Neale Hurston and Race Politics in Dixie

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
ANNETTE TREFZER
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Zora Neale Hurston ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Race Politics ◽  
Race Prejudice ◽  
North And South

The conflicted racial identity politics of Zora Neale Hurston climaxed in a statement printed in February 1943 in the New York Herald Telegram. In the article, “When Negro Succeeds, South is Proud,” Hurston argued that “the Jim Crow system works.” Hurston later retracted this statement, claiming that it was taken out of context and grossly distorted. Hurston said that her point was to show that “there was plenty of race prejudice both north and south” but that the South “by opportunity of long practice had worked out a system, while the North, caught between declarations of no prejudice, and its actual feelings [ctdot ] was groping around for the same thing, but with fine phrases.”

Bohemian South

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
New South ◽  
First Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Mountain College ◽  
Research Triangle ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Black Mountain ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

From the southern influence on nineteenth-century New York to the musical legacy of late-twentieth-century Athens, Georgia, to the cutting-edge cuisines of twenty-first-century Asheville, North Carolina, the bohemian South has long contested traditional views of the region. Yet, even as the fruits of this creative South have famously been celebrated, exported, and expropriated, the region long was labeled a cultural backwater. This timely and illuminating collection uses bohemia as a novel lens for reconsidering more traditional views of the South. Exploring wide-ranging locales, such as Athens, Austin, Black Mountain College, Knoxville, Memphis, New Orleans, and North Carolina’s Research Triangle, each essay challenges popular interpretations of the South, while highlighting important bohemian sub- and countercultures. The Bohemian South provides an important perspective in the New South as an epicenter for progress, innovation, and experimentation.

Violence on Two Fronts

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
James G. Mendez
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
York City ◽  
African American Family ◽  
American Family ◽  
Race Riots ◽  
The North ◽  
War Effort

Black troops and their families suffered from several kinds of violence inflicted on them alone. The rebels had a habit of killing black troops after they had surrendered or been captured. Yet, black troops continued to join the army and support the Union cause in spite of this risk; they fought harder in combat. In addition African-American family members in the North faced violence themselves at home. But, in their case, their assailants were white northerners, such as in the 1863 race riots in Detroit on March 6th and the three-day riots in New York City on July 13th–16th. Blacks were killed and wounded in both riots, and their property was destroyed. Even with the threat of violence against them in the North as well as the South, northern blacks continued to enlist and support the Union war effort. African Americans remained loyal to the Union and to the cause.

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