Personal Capitalism and British Industrial Decline: The Personally Managed Firm and Business Strategy in Sheffield, 1880–1920

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Lloyd-Jones ◽  
Myrddin J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Flexible Technology ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Industrial Decline ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Quality Production

Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., has maintained that the persistence of the personally managed firm in Britain may be a cause of that nation's long-run industrial decline. This article contributes to the debate over decline through a detailed exploration of the business role of personally managed firms in a strategic sector of the Second Industrial Revolution: the metal and metal-making trades of Sheffield. Our study shows that the business strategies of Sheffield firms, based on quality production and flexible technology, had close similarities to those of American companies described by scholars such as Philip Scranton. Many of the Sheffield firms were not lacking in enterprise; they demonstrated tenacity and, in certain key segments of the metal trades, enjoyed a high degree of business success. Our examination of personal capitalism in Sheffield suggests that the terms of the debate over Britain's industrial decline may require further refinement.

AKSELERASI ADAPTASI REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0 DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19, SEBAGAI PELUANG PENINGKATAN SEKTOR EKONOMI DAN BISNIS MELALUI DIGITALISASI STRATEGI BISNIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fitrina Gusvi ◽  
Deni Saputri
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Business People ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Business Sectors

The Covid 19 pandemic so far has made a huge impact in various lines of life, especially for the Indonesian. This pandemic has not only caused a crisis in the health sector, but has created a domino effect that has also caused crises in other fields such as economic, social and religious life. From an economic standpoint, the outbreak of the Covid 19 virus has forced many business actors to go out of business or if someone survives they are forced to cut the number of employees so that the flow of layoffs increases during this time. Business actors who are trying to survive on this crisis are required to find the best solutions to keep producing and selling products, of course with more innovative things. The following article is a literature study on how accelerated adaption to the industrial revolution 4.0 in the Corona Virus Desease 19 pandemic as an opportunity to increrase the economic and business sectors through digitization of business strategies. The method used is to examine several research results that have been published in journals that explain the Covid 19 pandemic and solutions for business people to survive at this time. The findings of this study inform that one of the solutions that can be applied during this pandemic to survive in running a business for business actors is digitization of business strategies in each business run in order to reach wider consumers and increase profitability. This digitization of business strategies has proven to be able to help businesses survive a pandemic by adjusting the sales method that was previously conventional to digital.Keyword: Corona virus disease-19; industrial revolution 4.0; digitization; business strategy Pandemi Covid 19 sejauh ini telah mengakibatkan dampak yang begitu besar dalam berbagai lini kehidupan khususnya bagi bangsa Indonesia. Pandemi ini tidak hanya menyebabkan krisi dalam bidang kesehatan saja, namun menimbulkan efek domino sehingga juga menimbulkan krisis di bidang-bidang lain seperti ekonomi, sosial dan kehidupan beragama. Dari sisi ekonomi, mewabahnya virus Covid 19 memaksa banyak para pelaku usaha untuk gulung tikar atau pun jika ada yang bertahan terpaksa memangkas jumlah karyawan sehingga arus gelombang PHK meningkat selama masa ini. Para pelaku usaha yang berusaha bertahan dalam krisis ini, dituntut untuk menemukan solusi terbaik untuk dapat tetap berproduksi dan menjual produk, tentunya dengan hal-hal yang lebih inovatif. Tulisan berikut ini adalah studi literatur tentang bagaimana akselerasi adaptasi revolusi industri 4.0 di tengah pandemi covid-19 sebagai peluang peningkatan sektor ekonomi dan bisnis melalui digitalisasi strategi bisnis. Metode yang digunakan adalah mengkaji beberapa hasil penelitian yang pernah dimuat pada jurnal-jurnal yang menjelaskan seputar pandemic Covid 19 dan solusi bagi pelaku bisnis bertahan di masa ini. Temuan penelitian ini menginformasikan bahwa salah satu solusi yang dapat diterapkan di masa pandemi ini untuk tetap bertahan menjalankan usaha bagi para pelaku usaha adalah dengan digitalisasi strategi bisnis pada tiap-tiap usaha yang dijalankan agar dapat menjangkau konsumen lebih luas dan dapat meningkatkan profitabilitas. digitalisasi strategi bisnis ini terbukti mampu membantu para pelaku usaha untuk bertahan di masa pandemi dengan jalan menyesuaikan metode penjualan yang semula konvensional diubah kea rah digital.Kata kunci: Covid 19; akselerasi digital;  revolusi industri 4.0; digitalisasi; strategi bisnis

Alignment Of Organizational Strategy With Information Technology Strategy

2011 ◽  
pp. 106-139
Author(s):  
Tamio Shimizu ◽  
Marley Monteiro de Carvalho ◽  
Fernando Jose Barbin
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Organization Effectiveness ◽  
Long Run ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Structured Problems ◽  
It Applications ◽  
The Impact

Digital computers came into being after the Second World War. After a period of use solely in scientific and military areas, business perceived that this technological innovation could be very useful. The large, expensive equipment was very limited in terms of the information it could process and store, in addition to the restricted number of users who could access them simultaneously or from remote locations. Both the training and vision of professionals in the area of what was then called “data processing” was eminently technical. Thus, the early applications were developed to resolve well-structured problems, i.e., those whose stages and sequences were well-defined, such as payroll, stock control, and accounts due and received. Technology evolved and by the end of the 1970s, there were a number of alternative uses for computers and basic applications had been installed in the large companies. At that point, specialists began discussing a way to use Information Technology (IT), a term that came into use in the 1980s, better to make businesses more competitive. From that time on, many theories, models, and techniques have been studied and developed so that information technology can be used in tune with business strategies and operations. IT progressively came to play an important role in the strategy of the leading companies in competitive markets. Presently there are great expectations that IT applications will make possible new strategy alternatives for business and new opportunities for companies; as in the case of e-commerce and e-business (Porter, 2001; Evans & Wurster, 1999). However, there is also an extensive debate about the real gains derived from investments in IT. Focusing solely on the efficiency of IT applications will not provide a response to such questions. To evaluate the impact of IT on business strategy and operations, a focus on its effectiveness is needed. One must examine the results of IT applications in relation to the objectives, goals, and needs of an organization. Effectiveness should be maintained in the long run, and for this to happen, the concept of Strategic Alignment between IT and the business is fundamental.

scholarly journals Determinants of Leadership and Organizational Culture in Implementing Business Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Zainal Ilmi ◽  
Robiansyah Robiansyah ◽  
Michael Hadjaat ◽  
Saida Zainurossalamia ZA ◽  
Dio Caisar Darma
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Organizational Form ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Corporate Environment ◽  
Technology Leader ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Leader Attributes

Leadership and organizational culture are essential factors in the sustainability of a business. The two things' strategy becomes a concept that is often used as a foundation by various companies in running their activities. This article aims to discuss the role of leadership and organizational culture in implementing business strategy. Societal, cultural norms influence leader attributes and behaviors. Leader attributes and actions can be affected by the organization's corporate environment, size, and technology. Leader attributes and behaviors can determine the organizational form and organizational culture, and vice versa.

RETAIL COMPANY STRATEGY FACING INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salihah Khairawati
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Company Strategy ◽  
Retail Company ◽  
Online Shops ◽  
Role Of Information ◽  
Retail Shop

Facing changes in business environment, the companies should make adjustments in their operations. The role of information technology encourages everything in the internet (internet of things), which also has an impact on the retail industry. Retail companies improve themselves in facing changes in their industrial environment. The purpose of this article is to examine some retail businesses that have developed online shops in the current era and to formulate the retail company strategies to face the industrial revolution including redesigning business models and dynamic abilities, human resource readiness, developing features and shopping applications at retail shops and attractive promo offers for consumers. It is hoped that this study can provide input for retail shop managers in developing their business strategies

Linking Web Design Strategy with Business Strategy

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kao-Hui Kung ◽  
Wei-Hsi Hung ◽  
Chuan-Chun Wu ◽  
Chun-Chia Liao
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Web Design ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Competitive Strategies

Given the modern trend toward the Internet, firms can now use web sites to achieve marketing and advertising effectiveness for their businesses. This usage creates a new model of marketing strategy. Experts in the field have indicated that links between marketing and competitive strategies are critical to organisational performance and business success. However, empirical studies conducted in various countries have shown that the web designs are misaligned with organizational strategic objectives. In this study, the authors view web sites as marketing applications, and investigate how corporate sites effectively support three types of business strategy: the prospector, analyser, and defender strategies. The authors conducted a series of in-depth interviews with web site designers and established design techniques through grounded theory approach to indicate how particular web sites support a specific type of business strategy. They also established the relationship between web design strategies and business strategies, which should help practitioners improve the strategic positioning of their web sites.

An Integrated Model of E-Business Strategy

2011 ◽  
pp. 271-289
Author(s):  
Peter Ping Li ◽  
Steven Tung-lung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Organizational Form ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Local Firms

This chapter proposes a conceptual framework of e-business strategy. It argues that such a framework must be holistic, dynamic, and dialectical. This framework will assist both researchers and practitioners regarding the key issues of e-business strategy. Further, a case study of Haier from China reveals that all firms need to learn how to design effective e-business strategies that should be built on a sound organizational form or business model. The case of Haier also suggests that the local firms from the developing countries need to be creative in formulating e-business strategies in order to operate effectively in the underdeveloped e-business environment. Strategic alliance is especially critical for the local firms with regard to their e-business success.

Role of Additive Manufacturing in Industry 4.0 for Maintenance Engineering

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Gurminder Singh ◽  
Ravinder Pal Singh ◽  
Pulak Mohan Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Component Assembly ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Maintenance Engineering

The chapter describes the role of additive manufacturing (AM) in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) for maintenance engineering. A brief introduction of the fourth industrial revolution and related technologies has been included. The different AM processes with significant contributions in the relevant industry sectors have been discussed along with suitable examples. Difference between the manufacturing capabilities of conventional and AM technologies has also been presented. Owing to its high degree of design freedom, AM helps to reduce the spare parts inventory cost, component assembly cost, and can replace the discontinued parts easily. A case study presenting these key distinctive features of AM, which make it an indispensable technology for I4.0, are also discussed. Furthermore, the barriers to the adoption of AM technology by manufacturers and possible remedial actions are also discussed in brief. The knowledge gaps in terms of materials and design tools for AM have been identified and a probable road ahead has been discussed.

Role of Additive Manufacturing in Industry 4.0 for Maintenance Engineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 709-728
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Gurminder Singh ◽  
Ravinder Pal Singh ◽  
Pulak Mohan Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Remedial Actions ◽  
Component Assembly ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Maintenance Engineering

The chapter describes the role of additive manufacturing (AM) in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) for maintenance engineering. A brief introduction of the fourth industrial revolution and related technologies has been included. The different AM processes with significant contributions in the relevant industry sectors have been discussed along with suitable examples. Difference between the manufacturing capabilities of conventional and AM technologies has also been presented. Owing to its high degree of design freedom, AM helps to reduce the spare parts inventory cost, component assembly cost, and can replace the discontinued parts easily. A case study presenting these key distinctive features of AM, which make it an indispensable technology for I4.0, are also discussed. Furthermore, the barriers to the adoption of AM technology by manufacturers and possible remedial actions are also discussed in brief. The knowledge gaps in terms of materials and design tools for AM have been identified and a probable road ahead has been discussed.

scholarly journals Effects and Prerequisites of Self-Generation in Inquiry-Based Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Irina Streich ◽  
Jürgen Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
The Self ◽  
Learning Condition ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Mixed Factorial Design ◽  
High Degree

The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of self-generation in inquiry-based learning and to identify the role of feedback. While open-ended inquiry-based learning with a high degree of self-generation requirements has long been considered optimal for facilitating effective learning, its long-run effects have been critically challenged. This study employed a 3 (learning condition) × 2 (retention interval) mixed factorial design (N = 98). An inquiry activity involving the self-generation of content knowledge with or without subsequent feedback was compared to an inquiry task in which students simply read hypotheses and data interpretations. Self-generation without feedback was subject to rereading and self-generation with feedback. However, no differences were found under the two latter conditions. An additional analysis of individual learners’ abilities revealed that different abilities (e.g., cognitive load, self-generation success) served as predictors of performance in the disparate treatments.

scholarly journals Determinants Affecting the Adoption of E-commerce and Its Impact on Organisational Performance of SMEs in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Kapila Fonseka ◽  
Dr Adam Jaharadak ◽  
Murali Raman ◽  
Jacquline Tham
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
And Diffusion

The Internet has become the best innovative driver in the fourth industrial revolution, transforming businesses into a technological era with speed and cost-effectiveness. E-commerce is one of the modern business strategies used by many companies to expand their market without limiting its geographical boundaries. This business strategy was initially used by companies in developed countries and eventually adopted by developing countries. Sri Lanka is a developing country and e-commerce penetration is far below other countries in the region. Perceived benefits, transformational leadership, and competitive pressure are the influencing factors of e-commerce adoption. The Technology-Organization-Environment and Diffusion of Innovations theories were used as the base of this research, and 350 samples were collected from the senior managers of SMEs. All factors significantly influenced e-commerce adoption and that positively affected the organisational performance of SMEs in Sri Lanka.

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