A Survey of Nosocomial Respiratory Viral Infections in a Children's Hospital: Occult Respiratory Infection in Patients Admitted during an Epidemic Season

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. Goldwater ◽  
A. James Martin ◽  
Brownwyn Ryan ◽  
Sylvia Morris ◽  
Jill Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

#87: Association Between Healthcare-Associated Respiratory Viral Infections and Length of Stay at a Pediatric Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S15-S15
Author(s):  
Zachary Most ◽  
Michael Sebert ◽  
Patricia Jackson ◽  
Trish M Perl
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are major preventable causes of morbidity and mortality. While there are fewer overall HAI in children, there is a greater potential impact in disability-adjusted life years. Healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections (HARVI) are not frequently tracked within institutions, yet the risk for such infections in pediatric hospitals is very high. Recent data demonstrate large inter-hospital variability of HARVI incidence that may depend on various factors including the number of immunocompromised patients in the hospital and the presence of shared rooms. We hypothesize that the burden of healthcare-associated respiratory viral infections and their impact on the length of stay (LOS) is substantial at a large urban pediatric hospital. Methods A cohort of all children with any HARVI admitted to a large urban pediatric hospital between July 2017 and June 2018 were included after obtaining IRB approval. We defined a HARVI as a respiratory infection with an onset of symptoms while the patient was hospitalized meeting three criteria: A positive microbiologic test for one of 8 viruses, presence of symptoms of a respiratory infection, and onset of symptoms after admission beyond the minimum incubation period for each virus. Infections with symptom onset after admission beyond the maximum incubation period were considered definite hospital onset whereas others were considered possible hospital onset. The electronic medical record provided data on demographics, underlying medical conditions, hospital length of stay prior to infection and hospital unit of infection, and consequences and outcome of HARVI. The at-risk population for calculation of the incidence of HARVI was all admitted patient-days at the hospital over this time period. Results Between July 2017 and June 2018 the incidence of HARVI (definite or possible hospital onset) was 1.2 infections per 1,000 admitted patient-days (60% due to rhinovirus/enterovirus, 12% due to respiratory syncytial virus, and 9% due to influenza). Overall, 48% of patients were under 2 years of age, 18% were between 2 and 5 years of age, and 34% were over 5 years of age. Twenty-one percent were immunocompromised and 35% had underlying lung disease. The median length of stay prior to symptom onset was 11 days (IQR 5–36 days) and the median total length of stay was 30 days (IQR 15–82.5 days). Eight individuals had more than one HARVI over this time period. Nineteen percent were transferred to the intensive care unit and 7% died during their hospital admission Conclusion HARVI occurs frequently in a pediatric hospital and often in patients with underlying comorbidities. The risk for HARVI increases substantially with increased length of stay. Such data support the need for tracking HARVI in high-risk institutions.

scholarly journals Enterovirus D68 respiratory infection in a children's hospital in Japan in 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 768-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Funakoshi ◽  
Kenta Ito ◽  
Saeko Morino ◽  
Kazue Kinoshita ◽  
Yoshihiko Morikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Enterovirus D68

A Survey of Nosocomial Respiratory Viral Infections in a Children's Hospital: Occult Respiratory Infection in Patients Admitted During an Epidemic Season

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. Goldwater ◽  
A. James Martin ◽  
Brownwyn Ryan ◽  
Sylvia Morris ◽  
Jill Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Hospital Acquired

AbstractObjective:To define the extent of shedding of respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae among a population of pediatric patients admitted to the hospital during a winter epidemic period and to identify nosocomial infections within this population.Design:An open, prospective survey of patients admitted to three wards (General Medical, Respiratory Infectious, and Infectious Diseases) of a pediatric hospital during a defined three-month period.Patients:All patients with medical, respiratory, and infectious conditions admitted to three wards of the Adelaide Children's Hospital had nasopharyngeal aspirations performed at the time of admission with the purpose of documenting viral and M pneumoniae shedding. Patients were monitored daily for the development of symptoms of respiratory infection or new symptoms of respiratory disease. Such patients underwent a further nasopharyngeal aspiration for the purpose of diagnosing hospital-acquired infection.Results:Nasopharyngeal aspirations were obtained from 601 patients. Forty-seven percent of asymptomatic patients were positive for a respiratory virus orMpneumoniae, and 61% of patients with respiratory symptoms were also positive. Gastroenteritis patients shed viruses in 66% of cases. Respiratory symptoms were initially overlooked by admitting physicians but subsequently identified in 110 cases, and 46% of these were found to be positive for a respiratory virus or M pneumoniae. There were 18 possible hospital acquired infections among the 293 initially virus-negative patients. Multiple isolates were obtained from a substantial number of patients, especially those with respiratory symptoms.Conclusions:A substantial proportion of all patients admitted to a pediatric hospital during winter represent a potential source of infection, and strict infection control measures should be enacted to limit the spread of these infections.

scholarly journals Decline in Cases of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Presenting to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia after Introduction of a Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Fred Clark ◽  
Diane Lawley ◽  
Laura A. Mallette ◽  
Mark J. DiNubile ◽  
Richard L. Hodinka
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT A pentavalent rotavirus vaccine for infants became available in the United States in February 2006. By 2007, vaccination rates nationwide were estimated to be ∼50%. We studied the effectiveness of the vaccine in a real-world setting outside of a clinical trial. All children presenting to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia with acute gastroenteritis have been monitored for the presence of rotavirus antigen in the stool by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA [followed by genotyping if ELISA positive]) since the 1994-1995 epidemic season, presenting a unique opportunity to assess the impact of the recently introduced vaccine. The annual number of community-acquired cases over the preceding 13 years had approached or exceeded 100, with 271 cases in 2005 to 2006 and 167 cases in 2006 to 2007. In the 2007-2008 season, only 36 community-acquired cases were identified, representing an 87% reduction from the same period in 2005 to 2006. G3 was the predominant serotype, accounting for 15 community cases (42%). Our study is limited by its observational design using historical comparisons. Nonetheless, the abrupt decline in rotavirus gastroenteritis cases during the 2007-2008 season likely resulted from vaccination. Because protection rates appeared to have exceeded vaccination rates, herd immunity may have contributed to some degree to the effectiveness of the vaccine.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Rotavirus and Norovirus Infections in Hospitalized Children Less Than 5 Years of Age With Acute Gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Arashkia ◽  
Behrooz Nejat ◽  
Mahsa Farsi ◽  
Somayeh Jalilvand ◽  
Alireza Nateghian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Severe Gastroenteritis ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most important causes of death in children in developing countries which cause by different enteropathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Among these, most of the acute gastroenteritis in children are caused by viral infections mainly by rotavirus and norovirus. This study aimed to study the epidemiological and clinical status of acute gastroenteritis resulting from rotavirus and norovirus in children between June 2015 and June 2016 in Iran. A total of 211 stool specimens were collected from Ali Asghar Children's Hospital and Bahrami Children's Hospital in Tehran, from June 2015 to June 2016. The samples were screened by commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Ridascreen kit and real time RT-PCR to detect rotavirus and norovirus genogroups I and II, respectively. The information on demographic and clinical manifestations was collected, and data analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 22. Overall, the detection rate of rotavirus was 25.6 %, and for norovirus infection, it was 17.5%. All norovirus positive specimens belonged to genogroup II. Higher rates of rotavirus infections were observed in children from 7 to 24 months, and higher rates of norovirus infections were detected in children from 1 to 12 months. Clinical symptoms were not different between rotavirus and norovirus case-patients. The present study not only highlights the importance of rotavirus and norovirus infections in Iran but also verifies the relevance of norovirus as the cause of severe gastroenteritis in children.

scholarly journals ЕPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND СLINICAL FEATURES OF INFLUENZA IN CHILDREN IN THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY IN THE EPIDEMIC PERIOD OF 2015–2016 AND 2016–2017 YEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
S. M. Bezrodnova ◽  
N. A. Yatsenko ◽  
O. O. Kravchenko ◽  
Sh. M. Khurtsilava
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Microcirculation Disturbance ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Objective: to study the clinical and epidemiological features of influenza in children in the Stavropol Territory.Materials and methods: influenza prevalence is analyzed from 2015 to 2017 the paper used the data from the Territorial Rospotrebnadzor in the Stavropol Territory. We used the following methods: bibliographic, monographic description, epidemiological, analytical, statistical methods.Results: Among the deciphered acute respiratory viral infections, the specific gravity of influenza A (H1N1) 09 in 2016 reached 78%, and in 2017 influenza B prevailed – in 57,4% of children, and influenza A (H3N2) – in 42,6% of cases. In 2016 68,5% of children under 6 years of age, of all admitted, were hospitalized, and in 2017 – 83,86%. We presented the peculiarities of the course of influenza in different epidemic seasons.Conclusion: Unvaccinated children up to 6 years of age have the disease mainly in severe forms and with complications. The epidemic period began to increase in 2015–2016 at week 52, and in 2016–2017 from week 48, ended at week 13 and at week 17. At the epidemic of 2015–2016, intoxication syndrome with chills, microcirculation disturbance, catarrhal syndrome, ARDS prevailed in the clinical picture. The epidemic season of 2016–2017 was characterized by intoxication syndrome, encephalic reaction, hemorrhagic and myalgic syndromes.

PECULIARITIES OF THE INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS DURING 2015–2016, 2016–2017 AND 2017–2018 SEASONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
M.E. Ignat’eva ◽  
I.Yu. Samoilova ◽  
L.V. Budatsyrenova ◽  
T.V. Korita ◽  
O.E. Trotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Republic

We analyzed the epidemiological situations on influenza and acute respiratory viral infections during the 2015–2016, 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 epidemic seasons in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 epidemic seasons differed from the previous ones by a rather high intensity of the epidemic process, moderate duration of the epidemic awareness with a two-wave pattern of the course, high morbidity of the population at the epidemic peak and the absence of the disease’s severe forms in those vaccinated against influenza. During the 2015–2016 epidemic season, the influenza A (H1N1) virus was the dominant pathogen in Yakutia. During the 2016–2017 epidemic season, the first morbidity awareness was caused by the influenza A (H3N2) virus, the second morbidity awareness was caused by the influenza B virus. In contrast to previous two seasons the 2017–2018 epidemic season is characterized by lower intensity, a significant morbidity decrease of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in different age groups of the population and a low level of influenza viruses' circulation. Influenza A (H3N2) virus dominated and joined influenza B virus circulation was registered subsequently during the 2017–2018 epidemic season.

Reduction in Rate of Nosocomial Respiratory Virus Infections in a Children’s Hospital Associated With Enhanced Isolation Precautions

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorry G. Rubin ◽  
Nina Kohn ◽  
Susan Nullet ◽  
Margaret Hill
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Hospital Days

OBJECTIVETo determine whether the use of enhanced isolation precautions (droplet and contact precautions) for inpatients with respiratory tract viral infections is associated with a reduction in rate of nosocomial viral respiratory infections.DESIGNQuasi-experimental study with the rate of nosocomial respiratory virus infection as the primary dependent variable and rate of nosocomialClostridium difficileinfection as a nonequivalent dependent variable comparator.SETTINGCohen Children’s Medical Center of NY, a tertiary-care children’s hospital attached to a large general hospital.INTERVENTIONDuring years 1 and 2 (July 2012 through June 2014), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee’s recommended isolation precautions for inpatients with selected respiratory virus infections were in effect. Enhanced isolation precautions were in effect during years 3 and 4 (July, 2014 through June, 2016), except for influenza, for which enhanced precautions were in effect during year 4 only.RESULTSDuring the period of enhanced isolation precautions, the rate of nosocomial respiratory virus infections with any of 4 virus categories decreased 39% from 0.827 per 1,000 hospital days prior to enhanced precautions to 0.508 per 1,000 hospital days (P<.0013). Excluding rhinovirus/enterovirus infections, the rates decreased 58% from 0.317 per 1,000 hospital days to 0.134 per 1,000 hospital days during enhanced precautions (P<.0014). During these periods, no significant change was detected in the rate of nosocomialC. difficileinfection.CONCLUSIONSEnhanced isolation precautions for inpatients with respiratory virus infections were associated with a reduction in the rate of nosocomial respiratory virus infections.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:152–156

scholarly journals The role of influenza viruses in the development of severe acute respiratory infection in patients admitted to Yekaterinburg hospitals during 2017–2018 epidemic season

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Alimov ◽  
Svetlana S. Smirnova ◽  
Evgenia V. Lelenkova ◽  
Aleksandr Yu. Markaryan ◽  
Ivan V. Vyalykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Objective. To study the role of influenza viruses in the development of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in patients admitted to Yekaterinburg hospitals during 2017-2018 epidemic season.Materials and Methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of influenza incidence in Yekaterinburg was conducted, 403 influenza and acute respiratory viral infections case sheets were studied, and PCR analysis of clinical samples from the patients for respiratory viral infections was performed.Results. During the epidemic period a total 27.0% of the Yekaterinburg population were reported with influenza and other SARI, with 1.8% patients hospitalized. 5.6% of the total number of patients admitted with influenza and SARI in Yekaterinburg hospitals were included in the study. The rate of the detection of influenza A and B viruses RNA in the clinical samples from the patients with SARI was 28.3%. The rates of the detection in PCR of influenza B/Yamagata, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were 46.5, 20.2 and 10.5%, respectively.Conclusion. The study results indicated that influenza viruses remain significant pathogens of respiratory infections that required hospitalization. Among patients with SARI the highest incidence was observed in children of a younger age group and was mainly associated with influenza B virus of Yamagata lineage and influenza A virus (H1N1)pdm09. According to the results of a molecular genetic study, influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 viruses belonged to clade 6B.1, carried characteristic amino acid substitutions in hemagglutinin S84N, S162N (with the acquisition of a potential glycosylation site) and I216T and were similar to the A/Michigan/45/2015 vaccine strain. The influenza B viruses studied belonged to the Yamagata lineage, clade 3. The influenza B/Ekaterinburg /RII-4723S/2018 virus differed from the reference strain B/Phuket/3073/2013 by two amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin gene M251V and L172Q.

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