The Utilization of Grooved Human Bones: A Reanalysis of Artificially Modified Human Bones Excavated by Carl Lumholtz at Zacapu, Michoacán, Mexico

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Cut Marks ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Traumatic Lesions

AbstractThis study reports a detailed analysis of artificial modifications observed on a collection of human bone artifacts from Carl Lumholtz’s nineteenth-century excavations at El Palacio, Michoacán. The data obtained confirm that they were used as musical rasps called omichicahuaztli in Nahuatl and also provide new interpretations of their acquisition, manufacture, and abandonment processes. Cut marks indicate that the bones were taken from fresh cadavers of at least eight individuals, possibly sacrificial victims. Regarding manufacture and use of these instruments, important variations are observed and suggest that different persons could have manipulated them. Finally, it is possible to demonstrate that most of the instruments were broken intentionally prior to being buried with numerous individuals. Regarding the context in which the omichicahuaztli were used, it is interesting to point out some characteristics of the associated skeletons. Among male skulls, the high incidence of traumatic lesions that may have occurred in warlike context strongly suggests that many of the buried individuals were warriors. This association may indicate that Tarascan omichicahuaztli, similar to those of the Aztec!, were used in funerary ceremonies dedicated to dead warriors.

scholarly journals Non-scientific Archaeological Recovery of Human Remains from an Ancient Well in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Sehrawat ◽  
R. K. Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Forensic Archaeology ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Minimum Number Of Individuals ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Forensic archaeology is a scientific discipline that can expose past crime(s) against humanity by recovering the bodies of victims and meticulously documenting any proof of torture, trauma or human rights violations. Archaeological recovery of human remains deposited in pre-existing structures or features such as wells, potholes, natural ravines, roadside trenches, sewage systems etc., have been reported from many sites worldwide. In April, 2014, thousands of human bones, teeth as well as a number of personal effects including coins, medals and beaded armbands were unscientifically excavated from a well—presumably dating from the nineteenth century—located under a religious structure in the heart a North Indian town. Without the assistance of scientific expertise or local administration, locals excavated the remains to verify whether the well containing human bones was a result of an event which had been documented in the written records. The unscientific excavation by locals with no formal qualifications in archaeology or anthropology, resulted in the enhanced damage and commingling of human remains limiting information on the minimum number of individuals, age-at-death, sex, pathological conditions, trauma, etc. which may have assisted in identification and a stronger corroboration with the historical records. This paper aims to emphasize that if scientific protocols had been followed—including the participation of a multidisciplinary excavation team with experts from diverse scientific disciplines like forensic archaeology, anthropology, geology, skeletal biology, history, forensic medicine etc.—data and context would have been greatly enhanced and information may have been obtained about the deceased individuals and whether they were the victims of crimes dating to the nineteenth century.

The Beau Monde

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Rohan McWilliam
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Popular Song ◽  
Night Time ◽  
The West ◽  
The World

Chapter 3 explores the world of elite leisure in both its high and low forms to uncover how the aristocracy continued to shape the West End in the first half of the nineteenth century. This chapter is devoted to nightlife and is intended to show that one purpose of pleasure districts was to construct the idea of the night-time economy. The chapter explores the world of gentlemens’ clubs and other locations of masculine pleasure before moving into an examination of opera, ballet, and gambling; both sources of aristocratic networks. The second half of the chapter then looks at the world of low life in the Covent Garden and Maiden Lane areas; territory of the ‘flash’ and the bohemians. Affluent gentlemen explored what they saw as the ‘underworld’. Here was a world of disreputable bars and spaces for popular song. There is a detailed analysis of venues such as the Cider Cellars which shaped the development of popular music and culture with its bawdy ballads.

Post-mortem mutilations of human bodies in Early Iron Age Kazakhstan and their possible meaning for rites of burial

Antiquity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (315) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bendezu-Sarmiento ◽  
H.-P. Francfort ◽  
A. Ismagulova ◽  
Z. Samashev
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Cut Marks ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Wide Range

The authors find numerous cut-marks on human bones from an Early Iron Age cemetery in Kazakhstan and review a wide range of possible explanations. They discount cannibalism and find that the cuts and fractures fit best with a range of ritual mutilations known to ethno-archaeologists of the Altai region

scholarly journals Neolithic Massacres: Local Skirmishes or General Warfare in Europe?

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Maria Wild ◽  
Peter Stadler ◽  
Annemarie Häußer ◽  
Walter Kutschera ◽  
Peter Steier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Burial Rite

The Neolithic site of Schletz in Lower Austria comprises a fortified settlement from the end of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture. Large numbers of human bones were found at the base of the fortification ditches, and many of the excavated bones and skulls showed evidence of trauma which most likely originates from violence. This remarkable deposit of human remains has been considered evidence for an abrupt end to the Early Neolithic settlement at Schletz. In order to investigate this interpretation, radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of human bone samples from this site were performed at VERA. The χ2 test of the results from specimens with clearly identified lesions suggests that these may be contemporaneous. Further, it may be concluded that all individuals with evidence of trauma from Schletz were probably the victims of a single event: a massacre at the end of the LBK.Similar evidence is found at Early Neolithic sites at Talheim and Herxheim in the western part of Germany. Analysis of the 14C ages of bones from both sites suggests that the Talheim event may have been coeval with the massacre of Schletz, whereas an event at Herxheim might have happened some time earlier. For Herxheim, the massacre theory is still under discussion, and a change in the burial rite is also considered as an alternative interpretation.

Ottoman Tapu Title Deeds In The Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries: Origin, Typology And Diplomatics

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Minkov
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
National Library ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

AbstractAlthough the existence of tapus is well known, their typology, form, and structure have not been the object of a detailed analysis. Based on research undertaken in the Ottoman archive of the National Library of Bulgaria, I analyze eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Ottoman tapu title deeds. I argue that their 'classical' eighteenth-and nineteenth-century form is the outcome of the amalgamation of (1) receipts for payment of the tapu fee (resm-i tapu) and (2) records of land transfer. I also argue that the process of amalgamation probably started in the middle of the sixteenth century and continued until the second half of the seventeenth century.

Delivering Justice in Qing China

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linxia Liang
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Civil Trials ◽  
Criminal Matters

Traditional Chinese law, including Qing law, was often criticized as being inapplicable in civil trials, and it was often believed that the magistrate's court preferred mediation rather than decision-making. This volume challenges these views. With a detailed analysis of the Qing law codes and of 100 nineteenth-century case records from Baodi county, the volume examines much-debated issues such as the approach of Qing law to civil and criminal matters, punishment and mediation in civil trials, Confucius' preference for education and the idea of anti-litigation. This book brings a lawyer's perspective to some of the most debated issues in Chinese legal history.

The shape of musical improvisation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Mermikides ◽  
Eugene Feygelson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Musical Space ◽  
The Third

This chapter presents practitioner–researcher perspectives on shape in improvisation. A theoretical framework based in jazz improvisational pedagogy and practice is established, and employed in the analysis of examples from both jazz and classical-period repertoire. The chapter is laid out in five sections. The first section provides a brief overview of improvisational research, while the second discusses the concept of improvisation as ‘chains-of-thought’ (a logical narrative established through the repetition and transformation of musical objects). The third reflects upon improvisation as the limitation and variation of a changing set of musical parameters. Using this concept, the fourth section builds a theoretical model of improvisation as navigation through multidimensional musical space (M-Space). The final section uses this model in a detailed analysis of the nineteenth-century violinist Hubert Léonard’s cadenza for Beethoven’s Violin Concerto Op. 61.

Vecino Economics: Gendered Economy and Micaceous Pottery Consumption in Nineteenth Century Northern New Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sunday Eiselt ◽  
J. Andrew Darling
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Northern Rio Grande ◽  
Gendered Economy

AbstractEconomic reforms introduced by the Bourbon Monarchy after A.D. 1750 ushered in an Hispanic social formation in the northern Rio Grande identified as Vecino. Aspects of Vecino gendered economy are examined through a detailed analysis of five ceramic assemblages from the Chama and Taos Valleys of New Mexico. Geochemical (NAA) and stylistic clues identify the ethnic identities of producers and their relationships to Vecino consumers. Evidence for ceramic production by Vecino women during the nineteenth century is evaluated on the basis of detailed paste analysis of plain and micaceous ceramics as well as the occurrence of pottery-producing tools and clay-cleaning debris. Analytical results reveal that Jicarilla women dominated the production of micaceous cook ware to supply Vecino kitchens. Implications for understanding Vecino economics and the constitution of female-based systems of economic value are considered.

scholarly journals Observations on a scrapbook attributed to John Thomson at George Eastman House

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Management System ◽  
Far East ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Collection Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Collection Management System ◽  
History Of

This thesis comprises a description and analysis of a personal scrapbook with 123 albumen prints compiled in the nineteenth century. Originally attributed to photographer John Thomson (1837–1921), it is held by George Eastman House, International Museum of Photography and Film. The goal of this thesis is to critically examine the original catalogue records and provide more appropriate and searchable catalogue information in the Eastman House’s collection management system. Histories of photography in Asian countries featured in the scrapbook, and an account of Thomson's career contextualize the scrapbook. A detailed analysis of this scrapbook focuses on the attribution and subjects of the photographs and the compiler of the scrapbook. While the attributions for all the images can not be confirmed, this thesis provides more accurate and reliable information about this scrapbook and, therefore, paves the way for future research on this scrapbook and the history of the nineteenth-century Far East photography.

The Creative Exchange between Wordsworth and Beaumont

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-56
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
National Gallery ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ideal Form ◽  
Familial Relationship ◽  
Sister Arts ◽  
Relationship Of

This study offers a biography of the friendship between Wordsworth and Beaumont, exploring Lady Beaumont’s role in generating an inter-familial relationship of heartfelt sympathy. It also offers detailed analysis of key poems and paintings that resulted from their artistic exchange: the first section offers a new reading of ‘Elegiac Stanzas’, placing the poem in the context of a series of letters that channel a discussion of hope and aspiration through Sir Joshua Reynolds’s theory of ‘Ideal Form’; the second focuses on the paintings Beaumont produced to accompany Wordsworth’s poetry, situating them within early nineteenth-century debates about the Sister Arts; the third examines Beaumont’s fascination with a passage from The Excursion, arguing that its composition was inflected by a painting in Beaumont’s collection, Peter Paul Rubens’s Autumn Landscape. The study concludes with an exploration of the principles that underpinned Beaumont’s campaign for a National Gallery.

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