scholarly journals Neolithic Massacres: Local Skirmishes or General Warfare in Europe?

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Maria Wild ◽  
Peter Stadler ◽  
Annemarie Häußer ◽  
Walter Kutschera ◽  
Peter Steier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Burial Rite

The Neolithic site of Schletz in Lower Austria comprises a fortified settlement from the end of the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) culture. Large numbers of human bones were found at the base of the fortification ditches, and many of the excavated bones and skulls showed evidence of trauma which most likely originates from violence. This remarkable deposit of human remains has been considered evidence for an abrupt end to the Early Neolithic settlement at Schletz. In order to investigate this interpretation, radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements of human bone samples from this site were performed at VERA. The χ2 test of the results from specimens with clearly identified lesions suggests that these may be contemporaneous. Further, it may be concluded that all individuals with evidence of trauma from Schletz were probably the victims of a single event: a massacre at the end of the LBK.Similar evidence is found at Early Neolithic sites at Talheim and Herxheim in the western part of Germany. Analysis of the 14C ages of bones from both sites suggests that the Talheim event may have been coeval with the massacre of Schletz, whereas an event at Herxheim might have happened some time earlier. For Herxheim, the massacre theory is still under discussion, and a change in the burial rite is also considered as an alternative interpretation.

Olenii ostrov: first radiocarbon dates from a major Mesolithic cemetery in Karelia, USSR

Antiquity ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (245) ◽  
pp. 849-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Douglas Price ◽  
Kenneth Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Isotope Evidence ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Mesolithic Period

The first radiocarbon determinations for a large prehistoric cemetery in Karelia, USSR, have been obtained using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) of several organic fractions from prehistoric human bone samples. These determinations suggest an age of c. 7500 b.p. for the burials, definitely within the Mesolithic period. Additional information from skeletal and isotope evidence confirm Olenii ostrov as a very important Mesolithic site in northern Europe.

AMS Radiocarbon Dates from Human Burials at CA-NAP-399, Napa Valley, California, USA

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Tsim D Schneider ◽  
John Holson ◽  
Lori D Hager ◽  
Samantha S Schell ◽  
Lucian N Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Napa Valley ◽  
Napa County ◽  
Human Burials

This article presents a set of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates derived from human bone within burial contexts at CA-NAP-399 in Napa County, California, USA.

AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Preclassic Maya Burials at Cuello, Belize

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert A. Housley ◽  
Norman Hammond ◽  
Ian A. Law
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Preclassic Maya

The use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) on human bone from early Maya burials at Cuello, Belize provides direct dating of the Preclassic population, and assists resolution of the chronological problems discussed by Andrews and Hammond (1990).

Major Revisions in the Pleistocene Age Assignments for North American Human Skeletons by C-14 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: None Older Than 11,000 C-14 Years B.P.

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Taylor ◽  
L. A. Payen ◽  
C. A. Prior ◽  
P. J. Slota ◽  
R. Gillespie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
North American ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Organic Fractions

Radiocarbon analyses by accelerator mass spectrometric (AMS) techniques on organic fractions of human bone from various North American localities previously assigned ages ranging from about 70,000 to 15,000 years B.P. now suggest that none of these skeletons is older than 11,000 C-14 years B.P.

scholarly journals New 14C Dates of Neolithic and Early Metal Period Ceramics in Lithuania

Radiocarbon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gytis Piličiauskas ◽  
Mika Lavento ◽  
Markku Oinonen ◽  
Gytis Grižas
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reservoir Effect ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
Prehistoric Ceramics ◽  
Ams Dates

Twenty-three samples of charred food remains, charcoal, burned animals, and human bones from 14 Lithuanian prehistoric sites were dated by radiocarbon as part of a dating project oriented towards renewing the prehistoric ceramics chronology. The new dates modified the dating of ceramic styles by hundreds to a thousand years. Three Textile Ware sherds were dated to 4230–2920 cal BC—the oldest known dates of Textile Ware pottery in the East Baltic. The organic-tempered pointed-bottomed Narva and Combed-like Wares were dated to 3970–3370 cal BC, while Bay Coast Ware (Haffküstenkultur, Rzucewo), including vessels decorated with cord impressions, were dated to 3940–3540 cal BC, i.e. to a period well preceding the Corded Ware/Battle Axe horizon in Europe. Three dates of Globular Amphorae Ware placed the phenomenon directly beyond the Bay Coast chronology, i.e. in 3450–2920 cal BC. Chamotte-tempered Corded Ware from SE Lithuania was dated to 2840–2570 cal BC. The first absolute dating of coarse ware of the Žalioji type pointed to a period of 760–515 cal BC instead of the previously assumed 2nd millennium cal BC. Cremated human bones from urns found at Paveisininkai, Kernavė, and Naudvaris cemeteries were dated to 790–380 cal BC. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates obtained from charred food remains should be treated with a certain caution due to a possible freshwater reservoir effect that has not yet been examined in Lithuania.

scholarly journals First forensic records of termite activity on non-fossilized human bones in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Queiroz ◽  
E. P. Soriano ◽  
M. V. D. Carvalho ◽  
A. F. Caldas-Junior ◽  
E. H. A. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Bone Degradation ◽  
Nasutitermes Corniger

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the first records of termite activity on non-fossilized human bones in Brazil. The cases reported in this study resulted from forensic analysis of six human skeletons found in northeastern Brazil between 2012 and 2014. Traces of tunnels and nests commonly produced by termites were found on several human bone surfaces as well as the specimens and characteristic signs of osteophagic activity. In four cases, the species were identified: Amitermes amifer Silvestri, 1901, Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky, 1855) (on two skeletons), and Microcerotermes indistinctus Mathews, 1977. In two other cases, the activity of termites on bone surfaces was evidenced by remains of nests and tunnels produced by these insects. At least in the samples of human remains available for this report, the number of termites collected was greater on bones found during autumn, the rainy season in the Northeast of Brazil. The human bones examined showed termites like insects with lots of strength at bone degradation, capable of continuing the process of decomposition of human remains even in completely skeletonized bodies.

Radiocarbon and Stratigraphic Chronology of Canímar Abajo, Matanzas, Cuba

Radiocarbon ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Roksandic ◽  
William Mark Buhay ◽  
Yadira Chinique de Armas ◽  
Roberto Rodríguez Suárez ◽  
Matthew C Peros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Shell Matrix ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Ams Dates

Twelve accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates from the shell-matrix site of Canímar Abajo (Matanzas, Cuba) are reported. Eleven were obtained directly from human bone collagen in burials and one was obtained from charcoal recovered from a burial context. The site stratigraphy presents two episodes of burial activity separated by a shell midden layer. The AMS dates fall into two compact clusters that correlate remarkably well with the stratigraphy. The older burial dates to between 1380–800 cal BC (2σ) and the younger one to between cal AD 360–950 (2σ). The AMS dates are compared to eight conventional 14C dates previously obtained on shell and charcoal. One of the conventional dates on charcoal (5480–5380 cal BC; 2σ) has been reported as the oldest 14C date in the Caribbean region; its context and reliability are clarified. The suite of AMS dates provides one of the most reliable chronometric dating of a cultural context during this timeframe in Cuba. The correlation of 14C and stratigraphy establishes a solid chronology for investigating the important economic and ritual features of Canímar Abajo.

FIRST DIRECTLY DATED ROCK ART IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andrea Jalandoni ◽  
Marie Grace Pamela G Faylona ◽  
Aila Shaine Sambo ◽  
Mark D Willis ◽  
Caroline Marie Q Lising ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
The People

ABSTRACT This paper integrates the first rock art directly dated with radiocarbon (14C) in Southeast Asia with the archaeological activity in the area and with stylistically similar rock art in the region. Peñablanca is a hotspot of archaeological research that includes the oldest dates for human remains in the Philippines. The caves in Peñablanca with known rock art were revisited and only 37.6% of the original recorded figures were found; the others are likely lost to agents of deterioration. A sample was collected from an anthropomorph and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dated to 3570–3460 cal BP. The date corresponds to archaeological activity in the area and provides a more holistic view of the people inhabiting the Peñablanca caves at that time. A systematic review was used to find similar black anthropomorph motifs in Southeast Asia to identify potential connections across the region and provide a possible chronological association.

Results of Radiocarbon Dating of Early Burials in the Firsovo Archaeological Area, Barnaul Stretch of the Ob

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
K. Y. Kiryushin ◽  
Y. F. Kiryushin ◽  
K. N. Solodovnikov ◽  
Y. V. Frolov ◽  
A. V. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates

An especially noteworthy part of the Firsovo archaeological area is a group of early burials at the fl at-grave cemeteries Novoaltaisk-Razvilka, Firsovo XI, and Firsovo XIV. Nine radiocarbon dates have been generated for those cemeteries at various laboratories: two by the liquid-scintillation (LSC) method and seven using the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) method. The dates were calibrated using OxCal version 3.10 software. Dates for the Chalcolithic Bolshoy Mys culture burials at Novoaltaisk-Razvilka and Tuzovskiye Bugry-1 burial 7 match the previously suggested ones (around 3000 BC). Certain Neolithic burials in the Altai differ from others in the position of the bodies (fl exed on the side). They were dated to the late 5th to the early 4th millennia BC by the AMS method. Burials belonging to the “cultural core” of Firsovo XI, then, fall within the Early Neolithic (68 % interval, 5710–5460 BC; 95 % interval, 5740–5360 BC). The date 9106 ± 80 BP (GV-02889), obtained for Firsovo XI burial 18, may be somewhat accurate, pointing to the Final Mesolithic or Early Neolithic. Both the date and the cultural characteristics of this burial (sitting position, abundant ocher) are accompanied by the craniometric distinctness of the male cranium (huge total size).

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