Influence of Sunlight and Soil Nutrients on Clonal Growth and Sexual Reproduction of the Understory Perennial Herb Sanguinaria canadensis L.

1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Marino ◽  
Robert M. Eisenberg ◽  
Howard V. Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Sanguinaria Canadensis

scholarly journals Inconclusive evidence of sexual reproduction of invasive Halophila stipulacea: a new field guide to encourage investigation of flower and fruit production throughout its invasive range

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-540
Author(s):  
Fee O.H. Smulders ◽  
Kelcie L. Chiquillo ◽  
Demian A. Willette ◽  
Paul H. Barber ◽  
Marjolijn J.A. Christianen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Halophila Stipulacea ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Low Rate

AbstractThe dioecious seagrass species Halophila stipulacea reproduces mainly through fast clonal growth, underlying its invasive behavior. Here, we provide morphological evidence to show that the first findings of fruits in the Caribbean were misidentified. Consequently, H. stipulacea reproduction is likely still only asexual in the Caribbean. Therefore, we introduce an identification key of H. stipulacea reproductive structures to encourage careful identification and quantification throughout its invasive range. Until large-scale seed production in invaded habitats is reported, the apparent low rate of sexual reproduction needs to be considered in current studies investigating the invasion capacity of this species.

scholarly journals Body size and clonality consequences for sexual reproduction in a perennial herb of Brazilian rupestrian grasslands

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Demetrio ◽  
FF Coelho ◽  
MEA Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Stressful Environments ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial ◽  
Biology Research

Body size is one of the most important factors regarding herbaceous perennial plants life-histories, and several fitness components of these organisms are related to size. Clonal plants show distinct kinds of reproduction and can develop offspring by sexual or asexual ways. We aimed to understand how body size affects Comanthera nivea (Eriocaulaceae) sexual reproduction and to verify how clonal growth is related to flower head production in this species. We sampled 600 rosettes in rupestrian grasslands and performed linear regression analysis between body size and number of produced flower heads. We also compared the flower head production between isolated rosettes and rosettes within clones. Our results showed that body size was significantly related, but explained only a small part of flower head production. The flower head production was higher in rosettes within clones than in isolated ones. The clones presented a rosette or a small group of rosettes that concentrated the sexual reproduction. Clonality was positively associated with sexual reproduction. Clonality can represent an important way of allowing the persistence of plants by sexual reproduction in markedly seasonal stressful environments. The cases of clonality enhancing the sexual reproduction must be considered and put in focus on reproductive biology research.

Clonal growth and sexual reproduction: tradeoffs and environmental constraints

Oikos ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Herben ◽  
Božena Šerá ◽  
Jitka Klimešová
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Environmental Constraints

scholarly journals A new locality of Solidago ×niederederi Khek (Asteraceae) in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Pliszko
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Ne Poland

Abstract Solidago ×niederederi is a natural hybrid between S. canadensis and S. virgaurea, which occurs sporadically in synanthropic habitats together with the parental species. The hybrid was reported from seven countries in Central and Northern Europe and its presence emphasizes the invasive character of S. canadensis. A new locality of the hybrid was found in Mieruniszki village in the Zachodniosuwalskie Lakeland in NE Poland in 2011 (ATPOL square: FB06). Solidago ×niederederi grew on fallow land, at the edge of planted birchen shrubbery and its population comprised two small clumps. Current data suggest that the hybrid is a casual alien in the Polish flora, however, it has the potential to become established by clonal growth or restricted sexual reproduction.

scholarly journals Living together and living apart: the sexual lives of bryophytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1706) ◽  
pp. 20150535 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Haig
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Sperm Movement

Haploid gametophytes of bryophytes spread by clonal growth but mate locally, within an area defined by the range of sperm movement. Rarity of establishment from spores or vegetative competition can result in unisexual populations unable to reproduce sexually. Females typically outcompete males, probably because females expend fewer resources than males on the production of gametes. Extreme sexual dimorphism—tiny males growing as epiphytes on much larger females—has evolved many times. Haploid selfing is common in bryophytes with bisexual gametophytes, and results in completely homozygous sporophytes. Spores from these sporophytes recapitulate the genotype of their single haploid parent. This process can be considered analogous to ‘asexual’ reproduction with ‘sexual’ reproduction occurring after rare outcrossing between haploid parents. Ferns also produce bisexual haploid gametophytes but, unlike bryophytes, haploid outcrossing predominates over haploid selfing. This difference is probably related to clonal growth and vegetative competition occurring in the haploid but not the diploid phase in bryophytes, but the reverse in ferns. Ferns are thereby subject to stronger inbreeding depression than bryophytes. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.

The role of sexual reproduction in maintaining populations of Halophila decipiens: implications for the biodiversity and conservation of tropical seagrass ecosystems

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Judson Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems

In subtropical and tropical communities, seagrass species commonly range over an order of magnitude in size and biomass. This biodiversity corresponds with differences in the relative importance of sexual (seed production) and asexual (clonal growth) life history strategies in the maintenance of seagrass populations. Clonal growth and vegetative reproduction are important in maintaining populations of larger-bodied species. As size of species and degree of clonality decrease, the importance of sexual reproduction increases. World-wide, the smallest species in tropical seagrass ecosystems are represented by the most taxonomically diverse, sexually fecund genus, Halophila. A four-year study of the submarine light regime and seasonal growth cycles of Halophila decipiens and other seagrasses in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA provides a comparative context in which to illustrate the relative importance of different life history strategies in tropical seagrass ecosystems world-wide. While sexual reproduction is critical for maintaining some geographically extensive small-bodied seagrass systems in disturbed and extreme environments, there is also evidence to suggest that the quantitative importance of sexual reproduction may be underestimated for larger, highly clonal species like Thalassia testudinum. Future efforts to conserve tropical seagrass ecosystems necessitates a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary consequences of sexual reproduction and a more quantitative evaluation of the population dynamics resulting from the sexual life history strategies of different species.

BIOLOGIA REPRODUTIVA DE Neomarica northiana (SCHNEEV) SPRAGUE (IRIDACEAE): “MERANTHIA” - UM CASO ESPECIAL DE POLINIZAÇÃO = REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF Neomarica northiana (SCHNEEV) SPRAGUE (IRIDACEAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
Natural Pollination ◽  
Floral Resource

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a biologia reprodutiva de Neomarica northiana (Schneev) Sprague (Iridaceae), erva perene que ocorre nas restingas do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A flor desta espécie apresenta três unidades funcionais de polinização denominada “meranthia”. O recurso floral oferecido aos polinizadores é a substância lipídica exsudada na base das tépalas. Análise de cromotografia gasosa das tépalas indicou a presença de limoneno. As flores de N. northiana são polinizadas exclusivamente por abelhas poliléticas de grande porte, Xylocopa sp.. Neomarica northiana é autocompatível. A produção de frutos por polinização natural foi maior do que a produção por polinização manual cruzada. A taxa de fecundidade é de 0,47. Neomarica northiana apresenta crescimento clonal que pode ocorrer de duas formas distintas, por meio do caule rizomatoso e por meio de bulbilhos formados na axila das brácteas.AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate the reproductive biology of Neomarica northiana (Iridaceae), a perennial herb that occurs in the Atlantic Coast restingas (humid subtropical broadleaf forest) of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Each flower of this species has three functional pollinating units called “meranthia”. The main floral resource provided to bees by Neomarica northiana is a lipid substance exuded at the base of the tepals. Gas-chromatographic analysis of tepal samples revealed the presence of limonene. Flowers of N. northiana are pollinated exclusively by large bodied species of bees (Xylocopa sp.). Fruit production from natural pollination is higher than from manual pollination. The fecundity rate is 0.47. Neomarica northiana has clonal growth, which may occur by means of the rhizomatous stem, which produces offshoots close to one another; or by means of axillary bulbils. 

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