Clonal growth and sexual reproduction: tradeoffs and environmental constraints

Oikos ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Herben ◽  
Božena Šerá ◽  
Jitka Klimešová
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Environmental Constraints

scholarly journals Inconclusive evidence of sexual reproduction of invasive Halophila stipulacea: a new field guide to encourage investigation of flower and fruit production throughout its invasive range

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-540
Author(s):  
Fee O.H. Smulders ◽  
Kelcie L. Chiquillo ◽  
Demian A. Willette ◽  
Paul H. Barber ◽  
Marjolijn J.A. Christianen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Halophila Stipulacea ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Low Rate

AbstractThe dioecious seagrass species Halophila stipulacea reproduces mainly through fast clonal growth, underlying its invasive behavior. Here, we provide morphological evidence to show that the first findings of fruits in the Caribbean were misidentified. Consequently, H. stipulacea reproduction is likely still only asexual in the Caribbean. Therefore, we introduce an identification key of H. stipulacea reproductive structures to encourage careful identification and quantification throughout its invasive range. Until large-scale seed production in invaded habitats is reported, the apparent low rate of sexual reproduction needs to be considered in current studies investigating the invasion capacity of this species.

scholarly journals A new locality of Solidago ×niederederi Khek (Asteraceae) in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Pliszko
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Ne Poland

Abstract Solidago ×niederederi is a natural hybrid between S. canadensis and S. virgaurea, which occurs sporadically in synanthropic habitats together with the parental species. The hybrid was reported from seven countries in Central and Northern Europe and its presence emphasizes the invasive character of S. canadensis. A new locality of the hybrid was found in Mieruniszki village in the Zachodniosuwalskie Lakeland in NE Poland in 2011 (ATPOL square: FB06). Solidago ×niederederi grew on fallow land, at the edge of planted birchen shrubbery and its population comprised two small clumps. Current data suggest that the hybrid is a casual alien in the Polish flora, however, it has the potential to become established by clonal growth or restricted sexual reproduction.

scholarly journals Living together and living apart: the sexual lives of bryophytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1706) ◽  
pp. 20150535 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Haig
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Sperm Movement

Haploid gametophytes of bryophytes spread by clonal growth but mate locally, within an area defined by the range of sperm movement. Rarity of establishment from spores or vegetative competition can result in unisexual populations unable to reproduce sexually. Females typically outcompete males, probably because females expend fewer resources than males on the production of gametes. Extreme sexual dimorphism—tiny males growing as epiphytes on much larger females—has evolved many times. Haploid selfing is common in bryophytes with bisexual gametophytes, and results in completely homozygous sporophytes. Spores from these sporophytes recapitulate the genotype of their single haploid parent. This process can be considered analogous to ‘asexual’ reproduction with ‘sexual’ reproduction occurring after rare outcrossing between haploid parents. Ferns also produce bisexual haploid gametophytes but, unlike bryophytes, haploid outcrossing predominates over haploid selfing. This difference is probably related to clonal growth and vegetative competition occurring in the haploid but not the diploid phase in bryophytes, but the reverse in ferns. Ferns are thereby subject to stronger inbreeding depression than bryophytes. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.

The role of sexual reproduction in maintaining populations of Halophila decipiens: implications for the biodiversity and conservation of tropical seagrass ecosystems

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Judson Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Indian River Lagoon ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems

In subtropical and tropical communities, seagrass species commonly range over an order of magnitude in size and biomass. This biodiversity corresponds with differences in the relative importance of sexual (seed production) and asexual (clonal growth) life history strategies in the maintenance of seagrass populations. Clonal growth and vegetative reproduction are important in maintaining populations of larger-bodied species. As size of species and degree of clonality decrease, the importance of sexual reproduction increases. World-wide, the smallest species in tropical seagrass ecosystems are represented by the most taxonomically diverse, sexually fecund genus, Halophila. A four-year study of the submarine light regime and seasonal growth cycles of Halophila decipiens and other seagrasses in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA provides a comparative context in which to illustrate the relative importance of different life history strategies in tropical seagrass ecosystems world-wide. While sexual reproduction is critical for maintaining some geographically extensive small-bodied seagrass systems in disturbed and extreme environments, there is also evidence to suggest that the quantitative importance of sexual reproduction may be underestimated for larger, highly clonal species like Thalassia testudinum. Future efforts to conserve tropical seagrass ecosystems necessitates a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary consequences of sexual reproduction and a more quantitative evaluation of the population dynamics resulting from the sexual life history strategies of different species.

Size dependency of sexual reproduction and of clonal growth in two perennial plants

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1831-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schmid ◽  
Fakhri A. Bazzaz ◽  
Jacob Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Solidago Canadensis ◽  
Threshold Size ◽  
Size Dependency ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Size Threshold ◽  
Sexual Reproductive Allocation

We compared the size dependency of sexual reproduction and clonal growth in two clonal perennials that inhabit old fields, Aster lanceolatus and Solidago canadensis. In both species there was a threshold size required for sexual reproduction to occur, and above that threshold reproductive output increased linearly with vegetative mass. Biomass allocated to clonal growth was also highly correlated with vegetative mass in both species, but there was no evidence of a threshold size for clonal growth. The absence of a clear size threshold for clonal growth emphasizes the similarity between clonal growth (vegetative reproduction) by rhizomes and growth of other vegetative parts, as opposed to sexual reproductive allocation. In both species there were differences in the allocation patterns of plants derived from seeds and those derived from rhizomes. Although seed- and rhizome-derived plants did not differ in phenology and size, the latter allocated more biomass to sexual reproduction and clonal growth in both species. Key words: clonal growth, size dependency, reproduction, Aster lanceolatus, Solidago canadensis, size threshold.

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