The Terms of Trade Index and Terms of Trade Effect

1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
Trade Index

The terms-of-trade effect on expenditure

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan V. Deardorff ◽  
Robert M. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Trade Effect

scholarly journals Competitiveness of the European Union in Light of Foreign Trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Róbert Magda ◽  
Norbert Bozsik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Trade Index

The main aim of this study is to ana­lyse and present com­pet­it­ive­ness in order to eval­u­ate trends in the Mem­ber States of the EU. Com­pet­it­ive­ness is ex­plained at a cor­por­ate, na­tional and re­gional level. Two im­port­ant stat­ist­ical in­dic­at­ors are con­sidered for its cal­cu­la­tion: the Com­mod­ity terms of trade (C), also known as the net barter terms of trade (N), and the In­come terms of trade index (I), which com­mu­nic­ates the cor­rel­a­tion between changes in quant­ity and price. A stable eco­nomy re­quires sur­plus in the trade bal­ance and im­prove­ment in ex­change rate. The primary pur­pose of the goods ex­port in­dic­ator is to cap­ture the know­ledge cap­ital avail­able in a coun­try in order to provide char­ac­ter­ist­ics and map the struc­ture of trade for use as gauging tools. The three na­tions in which ex­port sur­plus to GDP is very high are the Neth­er­lands, Switzer­land, and Ire­land. Neg­at­ive trade bal­ances have been re­cog­nised in Ro­mania, France, and the United King­dom. As a res­ult of changes in prices and volumes, nom­inal trad­ing val­ues were seen to rise con­tinu­ously in 2018. Global com­mod­ity ex­ports glob­ally in­creased by 10 per cent, pre­dom­in­antly pro­pelled by 20 per cent in­crease in oil prices. Rapid growth and de­vel­op­ment in in­nov­a­tion trig­gers in­crease in GDP and ex­ports. Ad­di­tion­ally, it is ob­served that ex­port grows sig­ni­fic­antly faster in the Euro Area Mem­ber States than in non-EEA Mem­ber States.

scholarly journals Winners and Losers in Customs Unions: An Experimental Investigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-72
Author(s):  
Baboo M Nowbutsing
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
Customs Unions ◽  
The World ◽  
Ricardian Model

In the context of a Competitive Ricardian Model (CRM), one can ask whether it is possible to relate winners and losers from a CU based on comparative advantage considerations. This was pursued by Venables (2003), who showed that careful consideration of a country’s comparative advantage – with the rest of the world relative to that with its partners in the CU- yields predictions about winners and losers. Starting from initial tariff equilibrium, in a 3 country model with a continuum of goods, he shows that a country with ‘extreme’ comparative advantage will be more vulnerable to trade diversion. In this experiment, the 3 x 3 Competitive Ricardian Model (CRM) in two scenarios multiple import tariffs and a customs union. We fully characterise the equilibrium under both. Starting from a tariff distorted situation, we find that when a customs union is formed there is an increase in trade flows among members; a rise in individual consumption of some goods; a clear terms of trade effect and the existence of trade diversion. Our experimental results support the simulation findings of Venables (2003), who showed that countries which have ‘extreme’ comparative advantage in a customs union will generally be more vulnerable to trade diversion.

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid 19 on Fisher and Fish FarmerTerms of Trade

2021 ◽  
Vol 934 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
S H Suryawati ◽  
R R Damanti ◽  
R Rahadian
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Central Bureau ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Capital Goods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trade Index

Abstract Reflecting the level of welfare of the fishers and fish farmers, terms of trade index (namely NTN/NTP) is believed to have decreased as the result of the Covid 19 outbreak. And, recognizing the important role of fisheries in the economy, understanding what have occured to the index is relevant. This paper aimed to: (i) analyze the impact of the outbreak on NTN/NTPi and (ii) identify what changes in variables have significant contribution to the NTN/NTPi decrease. The analytical method used is descriptive quantitative. The primary data consisted of: (i) fisher and fish farmer terms of trade as published by the Central Bureau of Statistics, (ii) variables that compose the price index received by fishermen / fish farmers and the index of prices paid by fishermen / fish farmers. The results showed that the decline in NTN and NTP occurred in all provinces in Indonesia. For fishers and fish farmers, variables of received price index that had the most significant effect on the decline is basic need cost such as food, drinks, cloth and transportation while variables of paid price index that had the most significant effect on the decline is capital goods.

"Fat" Years: The Analysis of Trading Gains of the Russian Economy

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
B. Zamaraev
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Russian Economy

The article is devoted to the analysis of different approaches to estimating trading gains (or losses) from changes in the terms of trade for the Russian economy. It presents the calculation of trading gains (or losses) received by the Russian economy in 1999-2009.

The Distributive Impact of Terms of Trade Shocks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Bussolo ◽  
Patrizia Luongo
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Trade Shocks
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