The Measurement of a Nation's Terms of Trade Effect and Real National Disposable Income within a National Accounting Framework

1989 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mick Silver ◽  
Khashayar Mahdavy
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
National Accounting

The terms-of-trade effect on expenditure

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan V. Deardorff ◽  
Robert M. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Trade Effect

scholarly journals Winners and Losers in Customs Unions: An Experimental Investigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-72
Author(s):  
Baboo M Nowbutsing
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
Customs Unions ◽  
The World ◽  
Ricardian Model

In the context of a Competitive Ricardian Model (CRM), one can ask whether it is possible to relate winners and losers from a CU based on comparative advantage considerations. This was pursued by Venables (2003), who showed that careful consideration of a country’s comparative advantage – with the rest of the world relative to that with its partners in the CU- yields predictions about winners and losers. Starting from initial tariff equilibrium, in a 3 country model with a continuum of goods, he shows that a country with ‘extreme’ comparative advantage will be more vulnerable to trade diversion. In this experiment, the 3 x 3 Competitive Ricardian Model (CRM) in two scenarios multiple import tariffs and a customs union. We fully characterise the equilibrium under both. Starting from a tariff distorted situation, we find that when a customs union is formed there is an increase in trade flows among members; a rise in individual consumption of some goods; a clear terms of trade effect and the existence of trade diversion. Our experimental results support the simulation findings of Venables (2003), who showed that countries which have ‘extreme’ comparative advantage in a customs union will generally be more vulnerable to trade diversion.

"Fat" Years: The Analysis of Trading Gains of the Russian Economy

2010 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
B. Zamaraev
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Russian Economy

The article is devoted to the analysis of different approaches to estimating trading gains (or losses) from changes in the terms of trade for the Russian economy. It presents the calculation of trading gains (or losses) received by the Russian economy in 1999-2009.

The Distributive Impact of Terms of Trade Shocks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Bussolo ◽  
Patrizia Luongo
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Trade Shocks

Does the Brand Equity of a Retail Store Mediate the Relationship between Store Choice and Store Loyalty?

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1061
Author(s):  
Sathish, ◽  
Rajendra Kumbharjuvenkar
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Retail Store ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Store Loyalty ◽  
Store Choice ◽  
Retail Organizations ◽  
The Relationship

The retail industry is changing worldwide, especially in developing nations. This retail transformation is a result of changing lifestyles, increased disposable income, growing brand consciousness and changing consumption patterns of consumers. In the process of meeting these growing expectations of consumers, there are noteworthy initiatives adopted by retail organizations. Brand equity of a retail store is seen as a major factor influencing buying decisions and repurchases intent of consumers’ world over.

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